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Much of the United States “springs forward” on Sunday, March 9th, for daylight saving time. Worldwide, many other countries also observe daylight saving time, starting and ending on different dates.
美国大部分地区在 3 月 9 日星期日“提前”实行夏令时。在全球范围内，许多其他国家/地区也遵守夏令时，从不同的日期开始和结束。
The time change can leave people tired and perhaps unhappy the next day. But it also might even harm health. Some studies have found an increase in heart attacks and strokes right after the March time change.
时间变化会使人们第二天疲倦甚至不开心。 但这甚至可能损害健康。 一些研究发现，在三月时间变化后，心脏病发作和中风有所增加。
However, there are ways to ease the effects of the time change, including getting more sunshine. The light helps reset your circadian rhythm for healthful sleep.
但是，有一些方法可以缓解时间变化的影响，包括获得更多的阳光。 光线有助于重置您的昼夜节律，以使其健康睡眠。
In the U.S., daylight saving time begins Sunday at 2:00 in the morning. The time change will reverse on November 2 when clocks “fall back” as daylight saving time ends.
在美国，夏令时节的时间是在周日的2:00开始。 随着日光节省时间结束，时钟“倒退”时，时间变化将在11月2日倒转。
The state of Hawaii and most of the state of Arizona do not make the spring change. Those areas remain on standard time along with Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
夏威夷州和亚利桑那州大部分地区并没有改变春季的变化。 这些地区与波多黎各，美国萨摩亚，关岛和美属维尔京群岛一起保持标准时间。
Some people try to prepare for the change to daylight saving time by going to bed a little earlier two or three nights ahead. But with a third of American adults already not getting the suggested seven hours of nightly sleep, catching up can be difficult.
有些人试图为改变日光的时间做准备，以便在前面的两三个晚上上床睡觉。 但是，由于三分之一的美国成年人已经没有得到建议的七个小时的睡眠，因此很难赶上。
The brain has a kind of clock that is set by exposure to sunlight and darkness. This clock, known as the circadian rhythm, is on a roughly 24-hour cycle. It governs when we become sleepy and when we are more wakeful. The rhythms change with age. This is one reason that early-to-rise young children turn into hard-to-wake teenagers.
大脑的时钟是通过暴露在阳光和黑暗中来设定的。 这个时钟被称为昼夜节律，大约是24小时的周期。 当我们变得困倦时，当我们更加清醒时，它会政策。 节奏随着年龄的增长而变化。 这就是早期幼儿变成难以熟力的青少年的原因之一。
Morning light resets the rhythm. By evening, levels of a hormone called melatonin begin to increase, leading to tiredness. Too much light in the evening — that extra hour from daylight saving time — delays the melatonin increase. As a result, the cycle gets delayed.
早晨灯重置节奏。 到晚上，称为褪黑激素的激素水平开始增加，导致疲倦。 晚上太多的光线（夏令时期的额外小时）延迟了褪黑激素的增加。 结果，周期被延迟。
The circadian rhythm affects more than sleep. It also influences heart rate, blood pressure, hormone releases and other systems.
昼夜节律影响不仅仅是睡眠。 它还影响心率，血压，激素释放和其他系统。
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In labs around the world, scientists have been studying tiny black specks of dust from asteroid Bennu. They were collected by a NASA spacecraft which travelled to the space rock and unfurled a robotic arm to grab a sample to bring back to Earth.
在位于全世界的实验室里，科学家们一直在研究从小行星贝努收集到的黑色灰尘颗粒。这些灰尘颗粒由美国国家航空航天局的一艘宇宙飞船采集，该飞船在抵达小行星后展开机械臂采集了一份样本，然后将其带回了地球。
The detailed analysis has found the asteroid contains thousands of organic compounds, including amino acids, which are the molecules that make up proteins, and nucleobases – the fundamental components of DNA. This doesn't mean Bennu ever had life on it, but the theory is that asteroids like it crashed into the Earth early in our history, delivering these vital ingredients that enabled life to start here.
在对样本的详细分析后发现，这颗小行星含有数千种有机化合物，包括能构成蛋白质的氨基酸和 DNA 的基本组成部分核碱基。这一发现并不意味着贝努上曾经有生命存在，但有理论认为和它类似的小行星在我们地球的历史早期撞击了地球，从而传递了能够让生命在此出现的关键要素。
Scientists think if asteroids were bringing water and organic molecules to Earth, the same was happening on other planets too. This raises the question of whether Earth is unique, or if life started elsewhere in our solar system but we just haven't found it yet.
科学家们认为，如果小行星将水和有机分子带到了地球上，那么在其它行星上也会发生同样的事情。这就引出了一个问题，即地球是否是独一无二的，还是说生命其实是在我们的太阳系里的其它地方产生的，只是我们还没有找到它。
词汇表
specks （粉尘的）颗粒
unfurled 展开了，打开了
sample 样本
amino acids 氨基酸
nucleobases 核碱基
fundamental components 基本的组成部分，基本构件
unique 独特的，独一无二的 -
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Japanese automaker Toyota says it is building a research center in a city-like setting to test robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous vehicle technologies.
日本汽车制造商丰田汽车说，它正在在类似城市的环境中建立研究中心，以测试机器人技术，人工智能（AI）和自动驾驶汽车技术。
Toyota recently announced it had completed the first part, or phase, of the center, called Woven City. It sits near the southern Japanese city of Susono. Company officials recently showed off the latest progress to reporters from the Associated Press.
丰田最近宣布已完成该中心的第一部分或阶段，称为Woven City。 它坐落在日本南部城市Susono附近。 公司官员最近向美联社的记者展示了最新的进展。
Daisuke Toyoda is an executive for Toyota who is helping lead the project. He told the AP that the center was not designed to be a “smart city.” However, it aims to carry out technology research and development and be “a test course for mobility.”
Daisuke Toyoda是丰田公司的高管，他正在帮助领导该项目。 他告诉美联社，该中心并非被设计为“聪明的城市”。 但是，它旨在进行技术研发，并成为“移动性的测试课程”。
The company said Woven City would serve as a “Living Laboratory.” It aims to test technology systems to support future changes in “the movement of people, goods, information and energy.”
该公司表示，编织城将作为“活实验室”。 它旨在测试技术系统，以支持“人，商品，信息和能源的运动”的未来变化。
Toyoda said the center is meant to be a place where researchers and technology company officials can come together and share ideas. It will also seek to establish a community with a shared desire “to co-create, develop and refine” new technology products and services.
Toyoda说，该中心本来是研究人员和技术公司官员可以聚集在一起并分享想法的地方。 它还将寻求建立一个以“共同创建，开发和完善”新技术产品和服务的共同愿望的社区。
Woven City was built on the grounds of a closed Toyota automobile factory. The automaker said the project’s first phase covers about 47,000 square meters. When completed, it will spread out over 294,000 square meters.
编织城是建于一家封闭的丰田汽车工厂的地面上的。 这位汽车制造商表示，该项目的第一阶段覆盖约47,000平方米。 完成后，它将扩散到294,000平方米以上。
Building operations on Woven City began in 2021. All the buildings are connected by underground passageways. Among planned testing activities will include self-driving vehicles making waste pickups and completing deliveries around the area. Testing operations will center on how people living in cities can best interact with changing technologies.
编织城的建筑行动始于2021年。所有建筑物均通过地下通道连接。 在计划的测试活动中，将包括自动驾驶车辆制造废物拾音器并完成该地区的交货。 测试操作将集中在城市中的人们如何最好地与不断变化的技术互动。
Currently, no one lives in Woven City. When it opens, officials plan on having about 100 people living there. They will be called “weavers.” These are workers employed by Toyota and its partner companies making other products.
目前，没有人居住在编织城。 开放时，官员们计划让大约100人居住在那里。 他们将被称为“织布工”。 这些是丰田及其合作伙伴公司雇用的工人。
When AP reporters visited the area, Japanese coffee maker UCC was serving hot drinks from a self-driving bus. The bus was parked in an area surrounded by still-empty housing.
当AP记者访问该地区时，日本咖啡机UCC正在自动驾驶巴士提供热饮。 公共汽车停在被仍然空地的住房包围的地区。
Toyota has supported electric vehicle (EV) technology in the past. However, the company is currently involved in a push for hydrogen, the energy of choice in Woven City.
丰田过去曾支持电动汽车（EV）技术。 但是，该公司目前参与推动氢，这是编织城的首选能量。
Keisuke Konishi is an automobile expert at Japan’s Quick Corporate Valuation Research Center. He told the AP Toyota has plans to expand into self-driving vehicle services to compete with Google’s Waymo and other large companies.
Keisuke Konishi是日本快速公司评估研究中心的汽车专家。 他告诉AP Toyota计划扩展到自动驾驶汽车服务，以与Google的Waymo和其他大型公司竞争。
Konishi noted the company has the money for such development even if it means building up a completely new business. “Toyota has the money to do all that,” he said.
Konishi指出，该公司有这种开发的钱，即使这意味着要建立全新的业务。 他说：“丰田有钱做所有这一切。”
Toyota officials have said they do not expect Woven City to make money, at least not for the first few years.
丰田官员表示，他们不希望编织城赚钱，至少在头几年没有。
Several other futuristic developments have been planned in other areas of the world over the years. They have included efforts in Toronto, Canada; Saudi Arabia; Abu Dhabi; and San Francisco, California. But those projects are either still being developed or have been canceled.
多年来，在世界其他领域还计划了其他一些未来派发展。 他们包括在加拿大多伦多的努力； 沙特阿拉伯; 阿布扎比； 和加利福尼亚州旧金山。 但是这些项目仍在开发或已取消。
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All seven major planets form a kind of parade in the sky at the end of February. Although two of the planets are not visible to the unaided eye, all are on the same side of the sun during the evening hours.
2月底，所有七个主要行星构成了天空中的一种游行。 尽管在傍晚时分，两个行星都不可见。
This planetary grouping happens when the planets appear to line up in the night sky as seen from Earth. They do not form a straight line, but they do stretch across the evening sky this year.
当地球从地球上看到的行星似乎在夜空中排队时，就会发生这种行星分组。 它们没有形成直线，但是今年他们确实遍布整个晚上的天空。
The American space agency, NASA, says these astronomical gatherings are common. A parade of four or five planets visible to the unaided eye happens every few years.
美国航天局NASA说，这些天文学聚会很普遍。 每隔几年就会发生四到五个行星的游行。
A similar parade took place last June, but only two planets could be seen without the use of special equipment. Six planets were visible in January. Four were visible to the unaided eye. In recent weeks, Mercury joined the group.
去年6月也举行了类似的游行，但没有使用特殊设备就可以看到两个行星。 一月份可见六个行星。 四个是无助的眼睛可见的。 最近几周，水星加入了该小组。
Venus, Mars and Jupiter are all easily visible in the evening. Saturn is now very close to the setting sun and Mercury is close to the horizon, making both hard to see. Uranus and Neptune are the most distant planets. Uranus can be glimpsed with binoculars or a telescope under good conditions. But Neptune is now too close to the sun to be seen.
维纳斯，火星和木星在晚上都很容易看到。 土星现在非常接近夕阳，水星靠近地平线，这使得两者都很难看到。 天王星和海王星是最遥远的行星。 天王星可以在良好条件下用双筒望远镜或望远镜瞥见。 但是海王星现在离太阳太近了，无法看到。
Seeing the brightest planets is easy. Go outside on a clear night after sunset. The planets will shine brighter than the stars. Mars is a bright, reddish-orange light appearing high in the constellation Gemini. Jupiter is very bright and a little lower than Mars toward the constellation Taurus.
看到最亮的行星很容易。 日落后的一个晴朗的夜晚去外面。 行星比星星更亮。 火星是星座的明亮，红橙色的光。 木星非常明亮，比火星驶向金牛座的火星要低一些。
Venus, in the constellation of Pisces, is the brightest natural object in the sky besides the sun and moon.
金星在双鱼座的星座中，是太阳和月亮以外的天空中最亮的天然物体。
There are many stargazing apps available that can help identify the planets and bright stars.
有许多观星应用程序可帮助识别行星和明亮的星星。
The planets will slowly move lower and lower in the west throughout the spring.
整个春季，行星将在西部缓慢移动。
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Danish researchers have announced the discovery of a collection of wooden pieces placed in a circle that are believed to date back thousands of years ago.
丹麦的研究人员宣布发现了一堆圆圈集合的木材，据信可以追溯到数千年前。
The team says the wood pieces and some other objects were found during building work in the northwestern Danish town of Aars. The discovery led the researchers to suggest the people who placed the wooden pieces might have been linked to a group who built Britain’s famous Stonehenge stone structure.
团队说，在丹麦西北城镇AARS的建筑工程中发现了木块和其他一些物体。 这一发现导致研究人员建议将木制碎片放置的人们可能与建立英国著名的巨石石结构的团体有关。
A total of 45 ancient wood pieces were discovered underground last week during building, or construction, work. The pieces formed a circle about 30 meters across.
上周在建筑物或施工工作期间，总共发现了45块古老的木材。 这些碎片形成了一个约30米的圆圈。
In an email to the French news agency AFP, Sidsel Wahlin of the town’s Vesthimmerlands museum described the discovery as “a once in a lifetime find.”
在给法国新闻社法新社的电子邮件中，该镇的Vesthimmerlands博物馆的Sidsel Wahlin描述了这一发现是“一生的发现”。
The circle "points to a strong connection with the British henge world," she added.
她补充说，圈子“指向与英国亨格世界有着密切的联系”。
The British Museum says on its website the first stones placed at Stonehenge, in southern England, are believed to have started arriving there around 3000 BC.
大英博物馆说，在其网站上，据信在英格兰南部的巨石阵放置的第一批石头已经开始到达公元前3000年左右。
The Danish researchers said they were also looking to see whether an inner circle might also exist where the wooden pieces were found. Wahlin noted that in the past, other wood circles had been found on the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea.
丹麦的研究人员说，他们还希望查看发现木质碎片的地方是否也可能存在。 瓦林指出，过去，在波罗的海的丹麦岛上发现了其他木圈。
But Wahlin said the circle in Aars was "the first one of this larger type that we can properly investigate.”
但是瓦林说，AARS中的圆圈是“我们可以正确调查的较大类型中的第一个。”
Archeologists working at the building site also found an ancient settlement that included a leader’s grave and a bronze sword.
在建筑工地工作的考古学家还发现了一个古老的定居点，其中包括领导者的坟墓和铜剑。
Wahlin said her team was still carrying out detailed work in the area in an effort to estimate the age and purpose of the materials.
沃林说，她的团队仍在该地区进行详细的工作，以估算材料的年龄和目的。
In particular, the archeologists are now searching for religious-connected materials known as "ritual deposits." These might include flint arrow heads and small knives or daggers.
特别是，考古学家现在正在寻找称为“仪式矿床”的宗教材料。 这些可能包括火石箭头，小刀或匕首。
Wahlin said the researchers will continue looking for links between the Aars site and other groups, such as those who built Stonehenge. She added the influence of other groups had already been found in some objects and graves found in Denmark.
沃林说，研究人员将继续寻找AARS网站与其他团体（例如建造巨石阵的人）之间的联系。 她补充说，在丹麦发现的一些物体和坟墓中已经发现了其他群体的影响。
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A recent study by the U.N. children’s agency UNICEF found that more than 500 million children in East Asia and Pacific countries breathe unhealthy air. The pollution is linked to the deaths of 100 children under age 5 every day. June Kunugi, UNICEF’s Regional Director for East Asia, said the polluted air limits growth, harms lungs and affects thinking abilities.
联合国儿童机构联合国儿童基金会最近的一项研究发现，东亚和太平洋国家有超过5亿儿童呼吸不健康的空气。 污染与每天5岁以下100名儿童的死亡有关。 联合国儿童基金会东亚地区主任六月库吉（June Kunugi）表示，污染的空气限制增长，伤害肺部并影响思维能力。
“Every breath matters, but for too many children every breath can bring harm,” she said.
她说：“每一次呼吸都很重要，但是对于太多的孩子来说，每个呼吸都会造成伤害。”
Over 6,000 cities in 117 countries now record and follow air quality levels. Many mobile apps include air quality information as well. But it can be difficult to know how bad the air is by looking at these numbers.
现在，117个国家 /地区有6,000多个城市记录并遵循空气质量水平。 许多移动应用程序还包括空气质量信息。 但是，通过查看这些数字，很难知道空气有多糟。
To help people better understand air quality levels, many countries have established an air quality index, or AQI. Larger numbers on this index mean worse air.
为了帮助人们更好地了解空气质量水平，许多国家已经建立了空气质量指数或AQI。 该指数上的数量较大，意味着空气较差。
Different countries have different air quality standards. For example, India’s daily PM 2.5 limit is more than 1.5 times higher than in Thailand and 4 times higher than WHO standards.
不同国家的空气质量标准不同。 例如，印度的每日PM 2.5限制比泰国高1.5倍，比WHON标准高4倍。
For individuals, experts say the goal should be to limit exposure when air quality is bad, by staying indoors or wearing a mask. This is not always possible, though. Danny Djarum is with the World Resources Institute. He told the AP there are many people who live or work outside and “can’t really afford” to stay indoors.
对于个人而言，专家说，目标应该是在空气质量不好，呆在室内或戴口罩时限制曝光。 但是，这并不总是可能。 丹尼·贾鲁姆（Danny Djarum）与世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute）在一起。 他告诉美联社，有很多人在外面生活或工作，并且“真的负担不起”留在室内。
People also need to watch indoor air pollution that can be caused by common household activities like cooking or burning incense.
人们还需要观看室内空气污染，这可能是由烹饪或燃烧香（例如烹饪或燃烧香）引起的。
While air purifiers can help reduce indoor air pollution, experts say they do have limitations. The devices work by pulling air from a room and then pushing it through a filter that traps pollutants. The filtered air is then sent back into the room.
虽然空气净化器可以帮助减少室内空气污染，但专家说它们确实有局限性。 设备通过从房间拉出空气，然后通过捕获污染物的过滤器将其推送出来。 然后将过滤的空气发送回房间。
Air purifiers work best when used in small spaces and when people are nearby. This is because they can only clean a certain amount of air, said Rajasekhar Balasubramanian of the National University of Singapore. He added, “If we have a tiny air purifier in a large room, it won’t be effective.”
空气净化器在小空间和附近的人们时使用最佳。 新加坡国立大学的Rajasekhar Balasubramanian说，这是因为他们只能清理一定数量的空气。 他补充说：“如果我们在一个大房间里有一个很小的空气净化器，那将不会有效。”
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Air quality differs from place to place and day to day. But about 99 percent of the world’s population breathes air at some point that does not meet pollution guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
空气质量每天都有不同的位置。 但是，在某个时候，大约99％的人口呼吸着空气不符合世界卫生组织（WHO）制定的污染指南。
Different forms of air pollution kill about 7 million people each year, the U.N. health agency estimates. But health experts say there are some actions individuals can take to protect themselves, even in the world’s most polluted cities.
联合国卫生局估计，每年不同形式的空气污染杀死约700万人。 但是健康专家说，即使在世界上最污染的城市中，个人也可以采取一些行动来保护自己。
The first step is to start with the understanding that air is not only polluted when it looks smoky or smoggy, said Tanushree Ganguly. She is an air quality expert with the Energy Policy Institute of Chicago’s India program.
Tanushree Ganguly说，第一步是从了解空气时不仅在看起来烟熏或烟雾时受到污染的第一步。 她是芝加哥印度能源政策研究所的空中质量专家。
“Blue skies can’t guarantee you clean air,” Ganguly told The Associated Press.
“蓝天不能保证您清洁空气，”甘加利对美联社说。
Air pollutants often come from people burning things. Examples include fuels as well as clearing operations involving crops or trees. Pollutants can also be released from wildfires.
空气污染物通常来自燃烧东西的人。 例子包括燃料以及涉及农作物或树木的清理操作。 污染物也可以从野火中释放出来。
Among the most dangerous particles we can breathe in are called particulate matter. The smallest of these are known as PM 2.5. This is because they are less than 2.5 microns in diameter. These particles can travel deep inside human lungs and are mostly created by burning fuels. Larger particles, known as PM 10, are linked to agriculture, roadways, mining or wind-blown dust.
在我们可以呼吸的最危险的颗粒中，称为颗粒物。 其中最小的被称为PM 2.5。 这是因为它们的直径小于2.5微米。 这些颗粒可以在人类肺部深处传播，并且主要是由燃烧燃料产生的。 较大的颗粒（称为PM 10）与农业，道路，采矿或风吹灰尘有关。
Other dangerous pollutants include gases like nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide, which are also produced from burning fuels. This information comes from Anumita Roychowdhury, an air pollution expert at the Center for Science and Environment in New Delhi.
其他危险污染物包括诸如二氧化氮或二氧化硫等气体，这些气体也是由燃烧燃料产生的。 该信息来自新德里科学与环境中心的空气污染专家Anumita Roychowdhury。
The American-based Health Effects Institute says air pollution is the second-largest risk factor for early death worldwide, behind high blood pressure.
美国的健康影响研究所表示，空气污染是全球早期死亡的第二大危险因素，仅次于高血压。
Short-term exposure can cause asthma attacks and increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke, especially in older people and those with existing medical problems. Long-term exposure can cause serious heart and lung problems that can lead to death.
短期暴露会引起哮喘发作，并增加心脏病发作和中风的风险，尤其是在老年人和现有医疗问题的人中。 长期暴露会导致严重的心脏和肺部问题，导致死亡。
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Steph: You listed travel as one of your passions.
斯蒂芬：您将旅行列为您的激情之一。
Tony: Yeah. But actually my passion is airport to airport, what happens between airports.
托尼：是的。 但是实际上，我的热情是机场，机场之间发生了什么。
Steph: So you like the flying then, the journey?
斯蒂芬：所以你喜欢飞行，旅程吗？
Tony: Absolutely.
托尼：绝对。
Steph: What about that do you like?
斯蒂芬：你喜欢那呢？
Tony: I love airplanes. Do I love airports? Not really. When I go to an airport I go to the window to look at the airplanes. Since the tender age of five I've always had this passion for airplanes, and my dream was to become an airline pilot.
托尼：我喜欢飞机。 我爱机场吗？ 并不真地。 当我去机场时，我去窗户看飞机。 自从五岁的时候，我一直对飞机充满热情，我的梦想是成为航空公司飞行员。
Steph: Okay. Have you ever flown an airplane?
斯蒂芬：好的。 你曾经驾驶过飞机吗？
Tony: Have I ever flown in an airplane?
托尼：我曾经乘飞机飞行吗？
Steph: Not in an airplane. Have you ever flown an airplane?
斯蒂芬：不在飞机上。 你曾经驾驶过飞机吗？
Tony: I've never flown an airplane. I've been in the flight deck of a number of aircraft, but I've never flown one.
托尼：我从来没有飞过飞机。 我去过许多飞机的飞行甲板，但我从来没有飞过一架飞机。
Steph: Okay. So walk us through a trip with Tony. What's going through your mind along the journey from airport to airport?
斯蒂芬：好的。 因此，带我们和托尼一起旅行。 从机场到机场的旅程中，您的想法会发生什么？
Tony: Well, just like the other souls on board, I go on, I sit, I buckle my seatbelt. I obey the commands from the cabin crew. I hear the pilots talking over the Intercom. But I take it another step further. I actually listen to the details of what the pilots are saying. I'm thinking about what's the weather going to be like, what's the weather on the ground, what's the surface winds on the runway? All these things that regular passengers don't think about when they're sitting in the seat and they're just like.
托尼：好吧，就像船上的其他灵魂一样，我继续，我坐着，我系好安全带。 我遵守机舱工作人员的命令。 我听到飞行员在对讲机上说话。 但是我再进一步。 实际上，我听取了飞行员在说什么的细节。 我在想天气如何，地面上的天气是什么，跑道上的表面却发生了什么？ 当他们坐在座位上时，普通乘客的所有这些事情都不会考虑。
Steph: Yeah. I certainly don't think about that, no. I am probably just relaxing, and maybe once in a while looking out the window, if I'm privileged enough to get a window seat. And just seeing how pretty it is.
斯蒂芬：是的。 我当然不会考虑，不。 我可能只是在放松，如果我有足够的特权靠窗座位，也许有时会偶尔看着窗外。 只是看到它有多漂亮。
Tony: And if you're looking out, and you say you have a seat just over the wing, you're looking out and you're like, oh, there's the wing. It looks nice, long, okay.
托尼：如果您看着，并且说您在机翼上有一个座位，那么您就会看着，就像，哦，有机翼。 看起来不错，漫长，还好。
Steph: I don't even think that much at any rate.
斯蒂芬：无论如何，我什至不太认为。
Tony: Yeah. Yeah. But to me, I'm looking at the wing and I'm like, that's the forward slats, those are the landing flaps, that's the spoiler. Oh, look at the winglet at the end. Yeah.
托尼：是的。 是的。 但是对我来说，我看着机翼，我想，那是前板，那是着陆襟翼，那就是扰流板。 哦，看看末端的小翼。 是的。
Steph: Okay. No, I'm definitely not thinking that at all. So you actually don't care about the cities that you're traveling to, and seeing new places?
斯蒂芬：好的。 不，我绝对不会这么认为。 因此，您实际上不在乎您前往的城市，看到新地方吗？
Tony: No, no, no. Don't get me wrong. I actually do. I've had the fortune of visiting some really amazing places, like Glasgow, Scotland, which I do love. Meeting the people, meeting different people actually is something I look forward to. And the architecture and all the fun stuff, like art, artworks and crafts and all that stuff that when you travel you always try to secure before you return home. But yeah, I do, I do like the experiences outside of aviation when it comes to traveling. But for me, you may think it's weird, but it's still aviation for me. That's the top. That's definitely at the top of the list for me. When it comes to flight there are five critical phases. You have takeoff, climb out, cruise, descent and landing. Even at the end of a flight, coming to the end just before landing, the pilots are trying their best to keep the nose of the airplane training down the center line of the runway. After landing, when we're deplaning, I would often stop at the flight deck door and I'll be like, "What happened there just before touchdown?" And the pilots would laugh and be like, "Oh, just a little gust. Nothing really. But we're on the ground, we're safe."
托尼：不，不，不。 不要误会我的意思。 我实际上做。 我有幸参观了一些我喜欢的苏格兰格拉斯哥，例如苏格兰的格拉斯哥。 我期待着认识人，实际上与不同的人见面。 以及建筑和所有有趣的东西，例如艺术，艺术品和手工艺品以及所有旅行时的所有东西，您总是会在返回家园之前尝试确保固定。 但是，是的，我确实喜欢旅行时的航空公司以外的经历。 但是对我来说，您可能认为这很奇怪，但这对我来说仍然是航空。 那是顶部。 这绝对是我的榜首。 在飞行方面，有五个关键阶段。 您已经起飞，爬出来，巡游，下降和着陆。 即使在飞行结束时，在着陆之前到达末端，飞行员也在尽力将飞机的鼻子保持在跑道的中心线下。 着陆后，当我们脱机时，我经常会在飞行甲板门上停下来，我会说：“触地得分之前发生了什么？” 飞行员会笑着说：“哦，只是一点点狂风。没什么。但是我们在地面上，我们很安全。”
Steph: Oh my gosh. So basically you're grading the pilot as you are taking a trip somewhere.
斯蒂芬：哦，天哪。 因此，基本上，当您在某个地方旅行时，您正在对飞行员进行评分。
Tony: Weird. It's so weird, right?
Steph: Absolutely. Absolutely weird.
斯蒂芬：绝对。 绝对很奇怪。
Tony: That's what aviation buffs do.
托尼：这就是航空迷的作用。
Steph: Crazy. Crazy.
斯蒂芬：疯狂。 疯狂的。
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Physical fitness is all about cardio exercises and weightlifting… right? If you've ever finished a run and then jumped straight into the rest of your day without stretching, only to wake up the next day feeling stiff and with aching muscles, then listen up. Flexibility plays a big role in our lives – even bending down to pick something up off the floor requires flexibility – but it's often ignored and neglected. So, why and how should we stretch?
身体健康是关于有氧运动和举重的全部……对吗？ 如果您曾经完成跑步，然后直接跳入剩下的一天而不会伸展，只是醒来第二天会感到僵硬，肌肉酸痛，然后聆听。 灵活性在我们的生活中起着很大的作用 - 即使弯腰从地板上捡起东西也需要灵活性 - 但通常被忽略和忽视。 那么，为什么以及如何伸展？
When athletes stretch, it's not just for show, they do it to prevent injury. A review of research called 'Effects of Stretching on Injury Risk Reduction and Balance' highlighted that stretching not only reduces injury risk by improving the flexibility of the muscles, it also improves balance, which reduces the risk of falls and those associated injuries. Stretching can also help maintain good posture by keeping our muscles long and loose, which is especially important if you spend hours hunched over a desk. In the modern world, many of us spend a large proportion of our days sitting, which can lead to chronic pain, particularly in the neck and shoulders. Stretching can alleviate this tension and boost blood circulation.
当运动员伸展运动时，这不仅是为了表演，还可以防止受伤。 对称为“拉伸对降低伤害风险和平衡影响的影响”的研究的综述强调，不仅可以通过提高肌肉的灵活性来降低伤害风险，还可以改善平衡，从而降低了跌倒和相关伤害的风险。 伸展运动还可以通过使我们的肌肉长而松动，从而有助于保持良好的姿势，如果您花费数小时弯腰在桌子上，这一点尤其重要。 在现代世界中，我们中的许多人都花了很大一部分时间坐着，这可能导致慢性疼痛，尤其是在脖子和肩膀上。 拉伸可以减轻这种张力并增加血液循环。
What's the best way to reap these benefits? While stretching advice varies, the ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal provides guidelines which include stretching the major muscle groups such as the hamstrings and quadriceps at least two or three times per week. A 2017 review of research, published in the Sports Med journal, suggests that dynamic stretches, where you stretch in slow, repeated movements, have greater benefits in a pre-exercise warm-up than static stretches, where you hold a pose. Stretching is better after a quick warm-up because the muscle is more pliable, reducing the risk of muscle strains.
获得这些好处的最佳方法是什么？ 尽管伸展建议有所不同，但ACSM的健康与健身杂志提供了指南，其中包括每周至少两次或三次伸展主要的肌肉群，例如腿筋和股四头肌。 2017年对《体育医学杂志》上发表的研究的评论表明，动态延伸（您以缓慢而重复的动作延伸）在运动前的热身中比静态伸展运动具有更大的好处。 快速热身后，伸展运动更好，因为肌肉更加柔韧，从而降低了肌肉菌株的风险。
Stretching isn't just for athletes and fitness lovers. "Stretching is also an accessible way to unwind and destress during or after a busy day," says Jessica Matthews, professor of kinesiology and author of 'Stretching to Stay Young'. So why not finish the day relaxing in a child's pose, a spinal twist or a happy baby?
伸展运动不仅适合运动员和健身爱好者。 运动机能学教授，'Stretaking tim nough''的作者杰西卡·马修斯（Jessica Matthews）说：“在繁忙的一天或之后，伸展运动也是一种让人的放松和破坏的方法。” 那么，为什么不完成一天的姿势，脊柱转折或快乐的婴儿放松呢？
词汇表
stretching 伸展运动，拉伸
stiff 僵硬的
aching 酸痛的
injury 受伤，伤病
posture 身体姿态
hunch over 弯腰驼背
chronic pain 慢性疼痛
tension 紧绷感
blood circulation 血液循环
reap the benefits 收获某事带来的好处
hamstring 大腿后侧肌群，腘绳肌
quadriceps 股四头肌
dynamic stretches 动态拉伸
static stretches 静态拉伸
pliable 柔韧的，柔软的
muscle strain 肌肉拉伤
unwind 放松，松弛
destress 缓解压力
child's pose 儿童式（一种瑜伽姿势）
spinal twist 扭脊式（一种瑜伽姿势）
happy baby 快乐婴儿式（一种瑜伽姿势）
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At America’s 149th Westminster Kennel Club dog show, Monty the giant schnauzer won the top prize.
在美国第149 Westminster养犬俱乐部狗展上，巨型Schnauzer Monty赢得了最高奖项。
The lively schnauzer beat six other finalists in New York City to become the first of his breed to win Westminster’s “best in show.” The prize is the most important and respected in the U.S. dog show world.
活泼的Schnauzer击败了纽约市的其他六名决赛入围者，成为他的第一位赢得威斯敏斯特“最佳表演”的品种。 该奖项是美国狗展界最重要和受人尊敬的。
While Monty came close to winning Westminster the past two years, he fell short of the big prize. In December 2024, the dog won another big prize, the huge American Kennel Club championship.
在过去两年中，蒙蒂接近赢得威斯敏斯特，但他没有大奖。 2024年12月，这只狗获得了另一个大奖，即巨大的美国养犬俱乐部冠军。
But for dog show lovers, Westminster is considered the Super Bowl of all shows. This year the comparison is especially fitting. That is because the most respected U.S. dog competition opened on the same weekend as the Super Bowl -- the most important game in American professional football. This rare happening came after the dates of both competitions changed in recent years.
但是对于狗表演爱好者来说，威斯敏斯特被认为是所有表演的超级碗。 今年的比较特别合适。 那是因为最受尊敬的美国狗比赛与超级碗的同一个周末开幕 - 这是美国职业足球中最重要的比赛。 在近年来两次比赛的日期发生变化之后，这种罕见的事情发生了。
At Westminster, dogs first compete against other members of their breed. Then, the winner of each breed goes up against other dogs within different competition “groups.” Among the groups are sporting, working, toy, and herding. Group winners then compete in the final round.
在威斯敏斯特，狗首先与其品种的其他成员竞争。 然后，每个品种的获胜者都在不同竞争“群体”中与其他狗抗衡。 其中包括运动，工作，玩具和放牧。 然后，团体获胜者在最后一轮比赛中竞争。
The best in show winner gets an award – a large, shiny cup called a trophy – and a place in dog-world history. The top prize, however, does not include money.
表演中最好的获奖者获得了一个奖项 - 一个名为A Trophy的大型闪亮杯 - 在Dog-World History中的位置。 但是，最高奖项不包括钱。
In her report on the dog show, Learning English’s Caty Weaver explains that the Westminster show dates back to 1877. It centers on the traditional purebred judging that leads to the best in show prize. But over the last few years, the organization has added agility and obedience events open to mixed-breed dogs.
在她关于狗展的报告中，Learning English的Caty Weaver解释说，威斯敏斯特秀的历史可以追溯到1877年。它以传统的纯种判断为中心，这导致了最佳的表演奖。 但是在过去的几年中，该组织增加了敏捷性和服从事件，向混合狗开放。
In 2024, Sage, a miniature poodle, won best in show at the 148th Westminster Kennel Club dog show.
2024年，小型贵宾犬Sage在第148 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show中赢得了最佳表演。
And in 2023, a petit basset griffon Vendéen, named Buddy Holly, won best in show at Westminster. The breed he represents is known for its rabbit-hunting abilities.
在2023年，一个名叫巴迪·霍莉（Buddy Holly）的小宝贝格里芬·旺德恩（GriffonVendéen）在威斯敏斯特（Westminster）赢得了最佳表现。 他所代表的品种以其兔子的能力而闻名。
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Every Monday at 2 p.m., he plans the task he is most likely to delay finishing. And to keep from becoming too busy, he even sets his daily activities, like walking his dog and eating lunch.
每个星期一下午2点，他计划任务最有可能推迟完成。 为了避免变得太忙，他甚至进行了日常活动，例如walking狗和吃午餐。
If workers have a hard time saying no, they can write down what to say beforehand. And it can also help to say it out loud.
如果工人很难说不，他们可以事先写下话。 而且这也可以大声说出来。
Cara Houser is a workplace engagement coach. She says workers do not always have to explain themselves when turning down a request. They can simply explain they are not available, thank the person for asking, and suggest when they might be available.
Cara Houser是一名工作场所的参与教练。 她说，在拒绝请求时，工人并不总是必须解释自己。 他们可以简单地解释它们不可用，感谢该人的询问，并建议他们何时可用。
Amber Krasinski grew up in a working-class environment where saying "no" to a manager could mean losing pay. As the founder of marketing company IvyHill Strategies, Krasinski worries that she will lose business if she turns down a project.
Amber Krasinski在一个工人阶级的环境中长大，对经理说“不”可能意味着失去薪水。 作为营销公司Ivyhill Strategies的创始人，Krasinski担心如果她拒绝了一个项目，她会失去业务。
So, she often says “not yet” when one more project is too much. “That phrase has helped me through a lot of situations,” she said.
因此，当另一个项目太多时，她经常说“还没有”。 她说：“这句话帮助我度过了很多情况。
”When asked for help, workers may want to agree immediately. However, when faced with a new work request, it can be better to take time before answering. Use the time to consider such things as workload, energy level, and interest.
当被要求寻求帮助时，工人可能想立即达成共识。 但是，面对新的工作请求时，最好花时间回答。 利用时间来考虑工作量，能量水平和兴趣等事情。
Israa Nasir is a psychotherapist in New York. She suggests that workers pay attention to the activities and interactions that leave them feeling tired or stressed. Those kinds of events can be put on a “No List” to be dealt with later.
以赛亚纳西尔（Israa Nasir）是纽约的心理治疗师。 她建议工人关注活动和互动，使他们感到疲倦或感到压力。 这些事件可以列入以后要处理的“无列表”。
Experts say that just because mobile devices can keep people connected to work all the time, they do not have to interfere with a person’s non-working life.
专家说，仅仅因为移动设备可以使人们一直保持连接工作，因此他们不必干扰一个人的不工作生活。
For example, Nasir said she found herself checking email far too often on weekends. So, during weekends, she moved the Gmail app from her iPhone’s homepage to the second page. This extra step helped her avoid checking her email.
例如，纳西尔说，她发现自己在周末经常检查电子邮件。 因此，在周末，她将Gmail应用程序从iPhone的主页移到了第二页。 此额外的步骤帮助她避免检查电子邮件。
Experts also suggest using an email signature as another tool to manage expectations. This tool can include more than just your name and contact information. You can also use it to let others know your working hours or upcoming vacation plans.
专家还建议使用电子邮件签名作为管理期望的另一种工具。 该工具不仅包括您的姓名和联系信息。 您也可以使用它来让他人知道您的工作时间或即将到来的假期计划。
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People might find it hard to set work limits or say “no” before taking on too many responsibilities. But experts say it is important for workers to learn to set such limits, or boundaries.
人们可能会发现在承担太多责任之前，很难设定工作限制或说“否”。 但是专家说，对于工人来说，学习设定这样的局限或界限很重要。
These limits can be important in helping workers protect their physical and mental health. And as with any new skill, setting boundaries gets easier with practice.
这些限制对于帮助工人保护他们的身心健康可能很重要。 与任何新技能一样，练习的设置界限变得更加容易。
Justin Stewart is a 36-year-old who works as a news show production assistant. He told The Associated Press that in the past, he had problems setting clear limits in his work life.
贾斯汀·斯图尔特（Justin Stewart）是一名36岁的年轻人，担任新闻节目制作助理。 他告诉美联社，过去，他在工作生活中遇到了明显的限制。
Stewart explained that when starting his career, he held several jobs. In addition to his full-time position, he also rented cars at the airport and did sales at a store. He said his life was so busy that he said he would sometimes sleep in his car between jobs. After a time, he had to be hospitalized for extreme tiredness and an infection.
斯图尔特（Stewart）解释说，在开始职业生涯时，他担任了几项工作。 除了他的全职职位外，他还在机场租了汽车，并在一家商店进行了销售。 他说自己的生活很忙，他说他有时会在两次工作之间睡在汽车上。 一段时间后，他必须因极度疲倦和感染而住院。
Stewart said that over time, his busy work life finally caught up with him. “While people around me praised my hustle, I eventually paid the price.” He added, “The doctor looked at me and said, ‘I don’t know what lifestyle you’re living, but you’re too young to be this stressed. You’re going to have to quit something.’”
斯图尔特说，随着时间的流逝，他忙碌的工作生活终于赶上了他。 “当我周围的人称赞我的喧嚣时，我最终付出了代价。” 他补充说：“医生看着我，说：‘我不知道你的生活方式，但是你太年轻了，无法感到压力。 您将不得不退出一些东西。’”
As a result, Stewart began trying to set boundaries. He gave up his side jobs after deciding he could live without the extra money. If people from the news show contacted him to work after-hours, he told them he was not available and suggested other people who might be able to help.
结果，斯图尔特开始尝试设定界限。 他决定没有额外的钱可以生活后放弃了自己的工作。 如果新闻节目中的人们与他联系下班后工作，他告诉他们他不可用，并建议其他可能会提供帮助的人。
However, experts say making such changes can be difficult. Many people already have a hard time turning down work requests –from both co-workers and managers. For example, it might make some people feel good to be needed or to please others. But as with any new skill, setting boundaries can get easier over time.
但是，专家说，进行这种更改可能很困难。 许多人已经很难拒绝工作请求 - 从同事和经理们都拒绝。 例如，这可能会使某些人感到满意或取悦别人。 但是，与任何新技能一样，随着时间的推移，设置边界会变得更加容易。
Here are some suggestions from employment experts and workers for effectively setting meaningful work limits.
以下是就业专家和工人有效设定有意义的工作限制的一些建议。
If your goal is to do less, adding things to your daily plans may seem like a bad idea. But it can actually provide more control over your time.
如果您的目标是少做，那么将事情添加到您的日常计划中似乎是个坏主意。 但是它实际上可以提供更多的控制时间。
Bobby Dutton is the founder of event production company GBM6.
鲍比·达顿（Bobby Dutton）是活动生产公司GBM6的创始人。
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A recent study about the smell of Egyptian mummies reached some surprising findings. The ancient bodies did not smell bad, the researchers found. Instead, they say, the remains mostly smelled good.
最近关于埃及木乃伊气味的研究提出了一些令人惊讶的发现。 研究人员发现，古老的身体闻起来并不闻。 他们说，相反，遗体大部分闻起来很香。
Cecilia Bembibre is director of research at University College London's Institute for Sustainable Heritage. “In films and books, terrible things happen to those who smell mummified bodies,” she said. “We were surprised at the pleasantness of them."
Cecilia Bembibre是伦敦大学可持续遗产研究所的研究主任。 她说：“在电影和书籍中，那些闻到木乃伊的身体的人会发生可怕的事情。” “我们对他们的愉悦感到惊讶。”
The researchers reported the leading descriptions of the smells as “woody,” “spicy” and “sweet.” They also reported a floral or flowery smell. That smell could be from pine and juniper resins used in mummification; a process designed to protect the body from decay.
研究人员报告了气味的主要描述为“木质”，“辣”和“甜”。 他们还报告了花香或花香的气味。 这种气味可能来自用于木乃伊化的松树和杜松树脂。 旨在保护身体免受衰减的过程。
The study appeared recently in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. It used both chemical examinations and several human smellers to study nine mummies. The mummies, some around 5,000 years old, had been housed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
该研究最近发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上。 它使用化学检查和几种人气味来研究九个木乃伊。 木乃伊大约有5，000年的历史，已在开罗的埃及博物馆住所。
Bembibre, one of the report’s writers, said the researchers wanted to study the smell of mummies because it has long been a subject of interest for the public and researchers alike.
该报告的作家之一Bembibre说，研究人员想研究木乃伊的气味，因为它长期以来一直是公众和研究人员感兴趣的主题。
She added that even fiction writers have written pages of work on the subject — for good reason.
她补充说，即使是小说作家也已经写了有关该主题的作品 - 这是有充分理由的。
Scent, or smell, was an important consideration in the mummification process. This process used oils and plant-based materials to protect the body and its spirit for the afterlife. Mummification was largely used for powerful people such as pharaohs and other leaders.
气味或气味是木乃伊化过程中的重要考虑因素。 该过程使用油和植物性材料来保护人体及其来世的精神。 木乃伊化主要用于法老王和其他领导人等强大的人。
Pleasant smells were linked with purity and gods. Bad smells were signs of corruption and decay.
宜人的气味与纯洁和神灵有关。 气味不佳是腐败和衰败的迹象。
Researchers did not want to directly measure the mummies, because doing so might be damaging. Instead, researchers were able to take measurements that did not involve touching the mummies. Researchers from UCL and the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia were able to measure smells, pesticides, and other effects due to mold, bacteria or microorganisms.
研究人员不想直接测量木乃伊，因为这样做可能会造成破坏。 取而代之的是，研究人员能够进行不涉及接触木乃伊的测量值。 来自UCL和斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学的研究人员能够测量由于霉菌，细菌或微生物而引起的气味，农药和其他影响。
Using technical instruments to measure air molecules released from sarcophagi was very important, said Matija Strlič, a chemistry professor at the University of Ljubljana.
卢布尔雅那大学的化学教授MatijaStrlič表示，使用技术仪器测量从石棺释放的空气分子非常重要。
"It tells us potentially what social class a mummy was from and therefore reveals a lot of information about the mummified body...." he said. “We believe that this approach is potentially of huge interest to other types of museum collections.”
他说：“它可能告诉我们A Mummy来自哪些社会阶层，因此揭示了有关木乃伊身体的大量信息。” “我们认为，这种方法可能对其他类型的博物馆收藏具有巨大的兴趣。”
Barbara Huber of the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Germany was not involved in the study. Huber said the findings provide important data on compounds that could preserve or damage mummified remains. The information could be used to better protect the ancient bodies for future generations.
德国马克斯·普朗克（Max Planck）地球人类学研究所的芭芭拉·胡伯（Barbara Huber）没有参与这项研究。 休伯说，这些发现提供了有关可以保留或损害木乃伊遗骸的化合物的重要数据。 该信息可用于更好地保护不久的世代的古代机构。
Huber said that over thousands of years, differing conditions have changed the scents of the mummies in a major way.
休伯说，在数千年的时间里，不同的条件以主要方式改变了木乃伊的气味。
Huber wrote a study two years ago that examined a jar that had contained mummified organs of a woman. The goal was to identify the material used to preserve the organs and what that would show about ancient trade paths.
休伯（Huber）两年前撰写了一项研究，该研究检查了一个罐子，其中包含一个女人的木乃伊器官。 目的是确定用于保存器官的材料以及有关古代贸易道路的内容。
Researchers of the current study hope to do something similar. They want to use their findings to develop “smellscapes” to recreate the scents they discovered. They also want to change the experience for future museumgoers.
当前研究的研究人员希望做类似的事情。 他们想利用自己的发现来开发“气味景观”来重现他们发现的气味。 他们还想改变未来博物馆的经验。
Bembibre said museums generally ask visitors to experience everything with their eyes. She added that seeing mummies through “a glass case reduces the experience because we don’t get to smell them.”
Bembibre说，博物馆通常要求游客用眼睛体验一切。 她补充说，通过“玻璃盒子降低了这种体验，因为我们没有闻到它们的气味”。
Smelling the scents of mummification would improve the museum visitors’ experiences, she suggested, as smell is one of the ways that people understand the world.
她建议，闻到木乃伊化的气味会改善博物馆游客的经历，因为气味是人们了解世界的一种方式。
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Researchers recently reported new evidence from a study of a medical device placed inside the body, a spine-stimulating implant.
研究人员最近报道了一项对放置在体内的医疗装置的研究的新证据，这是一种刺激脊柱的植入物。
Three people with a muscle-destroying disease got a little stronger after using the implant. They were able to stand and walk more easily because of electrical stimulation to their spinal cord.
使用植入物后，三个患有肌肉疾病的人会变得更强大。 由于对脊髓的电刺激，他们能够更容易站立和走路。
Marco Capogrosso is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburg, or Pitt, who led the research. "These people were definitely not expecting an improvement," he said. Capogrosso said, "They were getting better and better," over the study that lasted one month.
Marco Capogrosso是匹兹堡大学或皮特大学的助理教授，他领导了这项研究。 他说：“这些人绝对不会期望有所改善。” Capogrosso说：“他们越来越好，”持续一个月的研究。
The implant was able to return some muscle function, at least temporarily. The implant was already being tested to treat paralysis in other patients. This new evidence suggests it might also aid diseases of the nervous system like spinal muscle atrophy, or SMA.
植入物至少能够暂时恢复某些肌肉功能。 该植入物已经被测试以治疗其他患者的麻痹。 该新证据表明，它也可能有助于神经系统（如脊柱肌肉萎缩或SMA）的疾病。
SMA is a genetic disease that slowly destroys motor neurons, nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscles. That leads muscles to waste away, especially in the legs, hips, and shoulders and sometimes those involved with breathing and swallowing. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients.
SMA是一种遗传疾病，慢慢破坏了控制肌肉的脊髓中的运动神经元，神经细胞。 这会导致肌肉浪费，尤其是在腿部，臀部和肩膀上，有时甚至是呼吸和吞咽的肌肉。 无法治愈。 基因疗法可以挽救患有严重形式疾病的非常小儿童的生命，并且有一些药物可以减慢老年患者的疾病。
Stimulating the spinal cord with low levels of electricity has long been used to treat chronic, or long-term, pain. Capogrosso's team also has tested it to help people paralyzed by strokes or spinal cord injury move their arms and legs with assistance. The system sends electrical signals to nerves that have stopped reacting. This has the effect of activating the muscles.
长期以来，用低水平的电刺激脊髓来治疗慢性或长期疼痛。 Capogrosso的团队还对其进行了测试，以帮助瘫痪或脊髓损伤瘫痪的人们在帮助的情况下移动手臂和腿部。 该系统将电信号发送到停止反应的神经。 这具有激活肌肉的作用。
Capogrosso wondered if that same technology might help patients with SMA by stimulating sensory nerves to signal damaged muscle cells causing them to move. The researchers at the University of Pittsburgh published their study in Nature Medicine.
Capogrosso想知道，同一技术是否可以通过刺激感觉神经来帮助肌肉细胞发出导致其移动的肌肉细胞来帮助患有SMA的患者。 匹兹堡大学的研究人员发表了他们的自然医学研究。
They implanted electrodes over the lower spinal cord of the three adults with SMA. Using the device did not return normal movement but with a few hours of spinal stimulation a week, all soon experienced improvements in muscle strength and function, the researchers wrote.
他们将电极植入了三个成年人的下脊髓上。 研究人员写道，使用该设备没有返回正常运动，而是每周进行几个小时的脊柱刺激，所有这些都很快就会改善肌肉力量和功能。
Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough took part in the study. "With a progressive disease you never get any better," he said, adding, “So having any improvement is just a really surreal and very exciting benefit."
57岁的道格·麦卡洛（Doug McCullough）参加了这项研究。 他说：“有了进步性疾病，您永远不会变得更好，因此，任何改进只是一个非常超现实和非常令人兴奋的好处。”
All three subjects increased how far they could walk in six minutes by the study's end.
所有三个受试者都增加了他们在研究结束时可以在六分钟内步行多远。
Capogrosso said they could walk farther because they got less tired and “even a person this many years into the disease can improve."
Capogrosso说，他们可以走得更远，因为他们的疲倦减少了，“即使是多年来疾病的人也可以改善”。
Researchers found the improvements did not disappear as soon as the stimulator was turned off. But they did decrease a few months after the study ended.
研究人员发现，一旦关闭刺激器，这些改进就不会消失。 但是在研究结束几个月后，他们确实减少了。
Neuroscientist Susan Harkema led similar studies of stimulation for spinal cord injuries while at the University of Louisville. She warned that the new study is small and did not last very long but said it was an important test of the device. She said it should be tested next with other muscle-degenerating diseases.
神经科学家苏珊·哈克玛（Susan Harkema）在路易斯维尔大学（University of Louisville）进行了类似的对脊髓损伤刺激的研究。 她警告说，这项新研究很小，持续很长时间，但表示这是对该设备的重要测试。 她说，接下来应该对其他肌肉脱生疾病进行测试。
Capogrosso said some small but longer studies are beginning.
Capogrosso说，一些很小但更长的研究开始了。
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Although they're common in Europe, this will be the first city-wide tourist tax in the UK.
虽然游客税在欧洲已经十分常见，但这个新设的游客税将是英国首个覆盖整个城市的游客税。
The Scottish Parliament passed legislation paving the way last year, and now Edinburgh councillors are set to introduce the charge. It will apply to anyone booking overnight accommodation including hotels, AirBnBs, hostels and campsites. The 5% charge will be capped at five consecutive nights.
苏格兰议会于去年通过的相关法案为收取游客税铺平了道路，而如今爱丁堡的政务委员们已经做出了施行这项税法的决定。该游客税将适用于所有在爱丁堡预定宾馆、民宿、青年旅舍和露营地等住宿场所的游客。这项税收将收取每晚住宿费用的 5%，以连续收费五晚为上限。
Edinburgh City Council believes that the levy could eventually raise up to £50 million a year with the funds reinvested in the city to support housing, infrastructure and cultural events.
爱丁堡市政务委员会相信这项税收最终每年能带来近五千万英镑的收入，这部分资金会被重新投资于该市，以支持住宅建设、基础设施建设和举办文化活动。
But a number of accommodation operators are sceptical about the scheme. Concerns have been raised about the time scale, and some self-catering operators have argued that this is an extra burden on top of a new licensing scheme that was introduced in 2023.
但不少住宿设施的经营者都对这项税收计划持怀疑态度。已经有人提出了对游客税中时间规定的担忧，一些提供自炊住宿的经营者还认为这项税收是 2023 年引入的新经营许可证要求之外新增的额外负担。
But, despite these complaints, the direction of travel seems clear. A number of other Scottish councils are developing their own proposals for a similar visitor levy.
尽管有这些抱怨，但设立旅游税的发展趋势似乎十分明显。许多苏格兰城市政务委员会都在起草自己的方案，以收取类似的游客税费。
词汇表
city-wide 全市范围的，覆盖全市的
paving the way 为…铺平道路，为…打下基础
are set to 准备好
capped 以…为上限，被限制在…内
levy 税收，税款
sceptical 持怀疑态度的
burden 负担
direction of travel 行进方向，发展趋势
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Do you have a friend who happily agrees to your plans, only to disappear when the time eventually comes? Maybe they flake on you and cancel last minute, or just don't tell you and then ghost you completely. Or just maybe, it's you that sometimes lets people down. What lies behind this reluctance to keep to engagements?
您是否有一个朋友愉快地同意您的计划，只是在时间到来时就消失了？ 也许他们在您身上涂抹并取消最后一分钟，或者只是不告诉您，然后完全鬼魂。 或者，也许，有时候您会让人们失望。 这种不愿继续参与的背后是什么？
It could be our personality traits. According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially. While this can be due to bad time management, it can also be because people are afraid of confrontation and saying no to their friends, so end up agreeing to things that they don't really want to do.
这可能是我们的性格特征。 根据心理学教授理查德·科斯特纳（Richard Koestner）的说法，不太认真或愉快的人对他人的关注往往较少，并且更有可能在社交上超额预订自己。 尽管这可能是由于时间管理不佳，但也可能是因为人们害怕对抗并对他们的朋友说不，所以最终同意他们不想做的事情。
Technology could be another factor behind people's willingness to back out of social commitments. Firstly, being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a 'not attending' button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind. On top of this, people have become used to the instant gratification offered by social media and streaming platforms. Does this make real-life interaction seem mundane and arduous by comparison? Could it be generational? A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements. Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.
技术可能是人们愿意退出社会承诺的另一个因素。 首先，能够通过简单的短信取消计划或按邀请上按下“不参加”按钮，而不是面对面或通过尴尬的电话进行，这是一种更无摩擦的方式来表明您有 改变了你的主意。 最重要的是，人们已经习惯了社交媒体和流媒体平台提供的即时满足。 相比之下，这是否使现实生活中的互动看起来平凡而艰巨？ 会是世代相传的吗？ 2017年的一项研究发现，有45％的美国千禧一代从社会安排中退出没有错。 老一辈不太可能摆脱被邀请的活动。
Whatever lies behind it, psychologists have advice for us. Kurt Gray from the University of North Carolina recommends a simple phone call to reinforce human connection. Andrea Bonior from Georgetown University tells us to gently let our friends know that being let down disrupts us and makes us feel less valued. Caution is important though. Life coach Kira Asatryan reminds us that sometime people withdraw, not out of disrespect, but because they themselves feel anxious, stressed or sad.
无论其背后是什么，心理学家都会为我们提供建议。 北卡罗来纳大学的库尔特·格雷（Kurt Gray）推荐一个简单的电话来加强人际关系。 乔治敦大学（Georgetown University）的安德里亚·邦尼尔（Andrea Bonior）告诉我们，让我们的朋友知道，让我们失望的是打扰我们，并使我们感到不受重视。 谨慎很重要。 生活教练基拉·阿萨特里安（Kira Asatryan）提醒我们，有时人们会撤出，而不是出于不尊重，而是因为他们自己感到焦虑，压力或悲伤。
词汇表
flake on someone 放弃遵守与某人的约定
last minute 最后一刻
ghost 突然消失，不再联系（某人）
keep to 遵守，坚持
engagement 约定，约会
personality trait 人格特质
conscientious 认真自觉的
agreeable 随和的
overbook 做出过多的约定
time management 时间管理
confrontation 争执，冲突
back out 食言，变卦
social commitment 社交活动
frictionless 没有摩擦的，顺畅的
instant gratification 即时满足
mundane 平平无奇的，稀松平常的
arduous 艰难的，费力的
generational 代际的，代与代之间的
withdraw 放弃，退出
human connection 人与人之间的联系
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However, the shorter the cooking time, the more nutrients are kept in the food. That advice comes from Amber Pankonin, a dietitian in the U.S. state of Nebraska.
但是，烹饪时间越短，食物中保留的营养越多。该建议来自美国内布拉斯加州的营养师Amber Pankonin。
Cooking over boiling water, or steaming, and in a microwave are considered the most nutritious methods. These two methods use little time and require no fat.
用沸水或蒸以微波炉烹饪被认为是最营养的方法。这两种方法几乎没有时间，不需要脂肪。
Another healthy method is blanching. This is when you boil vegetables in water for a minute or two. But not too long. Boiling vegetables runs the risk of losing water-soluble nutrients including vitamin C, B1 and folate.
另一个健康的方法是烫发。这是当您在水中煮蔬菜一两分钟的时候。但是不久。沸腾的蔬菜有失去水溶性营养素（包括维生素C，B1和叶酸）的风险。
Thomas explained the reason boiling is not good for vegetables: The nutrients are "... leaching into the water, and you’re tossing out the water.”
托马斯（Thomas）解释了沸腾的原因对蔬菜不利：养分是“ ...浸入水中，您正在扔水。”
However, you could save the water from boiled vegetables and use it for other purposes, such as soups, or just drink it.
但是，您可以从煮沸的蔬菜中节省水，并将其用于其他目的，例如汤，或者只是喝。
Dietitians say there is no problem using a small amount of fat. Besides making vegetables taste better, a little cooking oil helps the body to absorb fat-soluble vitamins, said Pankonin.
营养师说使用少量脂肪没有问题。Pankonin说，除了使蔬菜味道更好，少量食用油还可以帮助人体吸收脂溶性维生素。
That means more vitamin A from squash, carrots, and sweet potatoes; more vitamin D from mushrooms; more vitamin E from bell peppers, leafy greens and asparagus; and more vitamin K from greens, broccoli and onions.
这意味着从南瓜，胡萝卜和地瓜中获得更多的维生素A；来自蘑菇的维生素D更多；贝尔辣椒，绿叶蔬菜和芦笋的维生素E更多；以及更多来自绿色，西兰花和洋葱的维生素K。
For pan frying or sauteing, Pankonin suggests cooking with enough oil so the vegetables do not stick to the pan. The amount of oil will depend on the quantity of vegetables and the size of the pan.
对于锅煎炸或炒菜，Pankonin建议用足够的油烹饪，以免蔬菜粘在锅上。油的量将取决于蔬菜的数量和锅的大小。
For roasting, you will likely need more oil. Despite the longer cooking time, roasting will still keep some nutrients and will increase the flavor with the heating of natural sugars.
对于烘烤，您可能需要更多的油。尽管烹饪时间较长，但烘焙仍会保留一些营养，并随着天然糖的加热而增加风味。
“Flavor is king,” Pankonin said. “I would much rather see people roasting their vegetables and enjoying them.” “
风味是国王，”潘科宁说。“我宁愿看到人们烤蔬菜并享用它们。”
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Carlene Thomas is a dietitian, a person who gives advice about healthy foods to eat.
卡琳·托马斯（Carlene Thomas）是一名营养师，他是一个关于健康食品的建议。
When it comes to eating healthy vegetables, Thomas says there are two kinds of people who ask her for advice.
在吃健康的蔬菜方面，托马斯说，有两种人向她寻求建议。
The first kind wants to know how different cooking methods affect the nutrition in vegetables. The other kind of person wants to know how to eat more vegetables. Thomas’ simple answer to both groups is this: The best vegetables are the ones you actually want to eat.
第一种想知道不同的烹饪方法如何影响蔬菜的营养。另一种人想知道如何吃更多的蔬菜。托马斯对这两组的简单答案是：最好的蔬菜是您实际想吃的蔬菜。
Thomas told the Associated Press that many people buy vegetables that they think they will eat. Maybe the produce is popular or someone is bringing attention to it on social media. But then they end up not using it. That means the vegetable gets thrown away after it goes bad.
托马斯告诉美联社，许多人购买了他们认为会吃的蔬菜。也许该产品很受欢迎，或者有人在社交媒体上引起人们的关注。但是随后他们最终不使用它。这意味着蔬菜变坏后被扔掉。
In that case, Thomas said, “It doesn’t matter how you cook them, because if they’re going in the trash, they’re not in your body.”
在这种情况下，托马斯说：“烹饪它们都没关系，因为如果它们要陷入垃圾，它们就不在您的体内。”
However, Thomas said research shows cooking methods do affect nutrition. But it is not as simple as comparing raw, or uncooked, vegetables to cooked ones. Cooking methods can include steaming, roasting, boiling, or sauteing.
但是，托马斯说，研究表明烹饪方法确实会影响营养。但这并不像将原始或未煮过的蔬菜与煮熟的蔬菜进行比较那么简单。烹饪方法可以包括蒸，烘烤，煮沸或炒。
So, are raw vegetables healthier than cooked? Not always.
那么，生蔬菜比煮熟的健康吗？并非总是如此。
When vegetables are cooked with high heat for a long period of time many nutrients break down. However, cooking softens the cell walls in vegetables, making them easier for the body to digest.
当蔬菜长时间以高热量煮熟时，许多营养物质破裂了。但是，烹饪会使蔬菜中的细胞壁变软，从而使人体更容易消化。
Cooking changes the structure of vegetables which increases what dietitians call bioavailability. This is the body’s ability to use the nutrients in vegetables, Thomas said.
烹饪改变了蔬菜的结构，从而增加了营养师所谓的生物利用度。托马斯说，这是人体在蔬菜中使用养分的能力。
Cooked food is often more nutritious than raw food. For example, cooked tomatoes release more of the antioxidant lycopene than raw tomatoes, she said. Lycopene is believed to have qualities that prevent cancer.
煮食物通常比生食更营养。她说，例如，煮熟的西红柿比生番茄释放更多的抗氧化剂番茄红素。番茄红素被认为具有预防癌症的品质。
Also, cooked carrots have more beta-carotene that can be absorbed by the body. Roasting pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes increases available carotenoids. These antioxidants are thought to prevent inflammation in the body.
另外，煮熟的胡萝卜具有更多的β-胡萝卜素，可以被人体吸收。烤南瓜，胡萝卜和地瓜增加了可用的类胡萝卜素。这些抗氧化剂被认为可以防止体内炎症。
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A new museum of laughter in Croatia is offering to help people deal with the negativity of modern life.
克罗地亚的新笑博物馆正在提供帮助人们应对现代生活的消极情绪。
Visitors to the HaHaHouse in the Croatian capital Zagreb walk into a little cloud of white smoke when they step inside. Its purpose is to blow away their worries before they climb into a "giant washing machine".
克罗地亚首都萨格勒布（Zagreb）的访客踏上了一小撮白烟。它的目的是在爬进“巨型洗衣机”之前吹散他们的担忧。
Then they move down a twisting slide into a space filled with little white balls where their trip to a happier place starts.
然后，他们向下移动一张扭曲的滑梯，进入一个充满白色小球的空间，他们到一个更快乐的地方的旅行开始。
Forty-three-year-old Andrea Golubic is the museum’s creator. Golubic said she got the idea during the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, many people were feeling down, depressed and alone: "I realized that I had a mission -- to heal people with laughter."
四十三岁的安德里亚·古鲁比奇（Andrea Golubic）是博物馆的创作者。古鲁比奇说，她在Covid-19-19大流行期间得到了这个想法。当时，许多人感到沮丧，沮丧和孤独：“我意识到自己有一个使命 - 用笑声治愈人们。”
The idea "came straight from the heart", Golubic told the French News Agency (AFP). She had ideas for many of the museum elements in one day: “that's how the HaHaHouse began."
古鲁比奇告诉法国新闻社（法新社），这个想法“直接来自心脏”。她有一天对许多博物馆元素都有想法：“这就是哈哈斯的开始。”
Golubic said a picture of her when she was seven-year-old inspired her. “I was constantly joking as a kid," she added.
戈卢比奇（Golubic）七岁的时候说她的照片启发了她。她补充说：“我小时候一直在开玩笑。”
Visitors press a button to be "disinfected from negativity" as soon as they step inside the museum, which has eight interactive zones, or areas.
访问者在拥有八个互动区或区域的博物馆内走进博物馆后立即按下一个按钮要“消除否定性”。
One has rubber chickens singing cheerfully. They sing songs like ABBA's "Dancing Queen." There is a karaoke room with distorted voices and a "Sumo Arena" for wrestling in puffed up clothes.
一个让橡胶鸡很高兴地唱歌。他们唱着阿巴（Abba）的《跳舞女王》（Dancing Queen）等歌曲。有一个带有扭曲声音的卡拉OK室和一个“相扑竞技场”，可以穿着蓬松的衣服摔跤。
There is also some serious history of humor from ancient to modern times told through theatre, film or the internet.
从古代到现代的幽默也有一些严肃的历史，通过戏剧，电影或互联网讲述。
The museum also explains different kinds of humor. These include word play, slapstick, dark humor and satire.
博物馆还解释了各种幽默。其中包括单词播放，闹剧，黑暗的幽默和讽刺。
Golubic said the HaHaHouse is popular with everyone from small children to older people. Adults say it is a good excuse to act like a child.
古鲁比奇说，哈哈胡斯很受欢迎，从小孩子到老年人。成人说，像孩子一样表现是一个很好的借口。
"All those who still feel a bit of childish joy and embrace their inner child, will recharge themselves," she said.
她说：“所有仍然感到有点幼稚的快乐并拥抱自己的内心孩子的人都会为自己充实。”
Retiree Bruno Dadic told AFP he was pleased by his visit "as there is never enough humor in life.
退休人员布鲁诺·达迪克（Bruno Dadic）告诉法新社，他对自己的访问感到高兴“因为生活中永远没有足够的幽默。
"Laughter is a medicine for the soul," he said.
他说：“笑是灵魂的药物。”
Aleksandar Suka celebrated his fifth birthday with a visit. Visiting with his mother, the little boy said he liked lying on the "Bed of Nails" since they tickled him.
Aleksandar Suka通过访问庆祝了他的五岁生日。小男孩和母亲一起拜访，说他喜欢躺在“指甲床”上，因为他们挠了他。
Singer Zorica Bucic, from the coastal town of Split, said the museum was just right for our times.
来自沿海地区Split的歌手Zorica Bucic说，博物馆恰好适合我们时代。
"Entering here is like entering childhood, being relieved of all problems,” she said. Bucic added that if you could come to museum often, you would not need to visit a psychologist.
她说：“进入这里就像进入童年，摆脱所有问题。” Bucic补充说，如果您经常来博物馆，就不必拜访心理学家。
Psychologist Petar Kraljevic told AFP that laughter is a kind of weapon which gives people strength to face their problems. He said that if doctors could advise their patients to have "three hours of laughter” a day, people would feel much better.
心理学家Petar Kraljevic告诉法新社，笑声是一种使人们面对问题的武器。他说，如果医生可以建议患者每天有“三个小时的笑声”，人们会感觉好多了。
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The most legendary Celtic woman was Boudica, the warrior queen who led a revolt against the Romans almost 2,000 years ago. But new analysis suggests she might have been the norm, not the exception.
最赫赫有名的凯尔特女性是布狄卡，这位女武士王后曾在近 2000 年前带头反抗罗马人的统治。但最新的分析结果显示，她所代表的女性统治者在当时可能是一种常态而非特例。
Archaeologists excavated 57 skeletons of people from the Durotriges tribe in Dorset. DNA sequencing of the genes passed from mother to daughter, compared to from father to son, revealed that most of the women were blood relatives. By contrast, the men were from lots of different communities, effectively outsiders. Dr Lara Cassidy, from Trinity College, Dublin, says this shows the society was matrilocal, meaning men moved to join their wives and families.
考古学家在多赛特郡挖掘出了属于杜罗特里吉部落成员的 57 具骨架。由母亲遗传给给女儿的基因的 DNA 测序结果与父亲遗传给儿子的相比，显示出大多数女性之间都具有血缘关系。而与普遍具有血缘关系的女性不同，男性则来自许多不同的家族，实际上都是血缘关系中的外来人。都柏林大学圣三一学院的劳拉·卡西迪博士说，这个研究结果显示出当时的社会有入赘的习俗，即男性会迁移以陪伴其妻子和家庭。
Inheriting land and wealth did not mean the daughters were political rulers, but they would have had significant influence. The scientists discovered the same DNA pattern in other Iron Age cemeteries. Perhaps Boudica was just one in a land of powerful women calling the shots at a time of great upheaval.
虽然继承土地和财富并不意味着女性后代会成为政治上的统治者，但她们可能有着显著的影响力。科学家们在其它铁器时代的墓葬中发现了相同的女性血缘更普遍的 DNA 遗传模式。也许在那段动荡的历史中，布狄卡只是在这片土地上做主的有权势的女性中的一员。
- Visa fler
