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In this episode of the metabolic classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman takes the helm to explore the multifaceted role of fat tissue as an endocrine organ. He begins by challenging the conventional view of fat tissue as merely a storage depot for energy, emphasizing its crucial role in hormone production and regulation.
Dr. Bikman introduces the concept of endocrine organs and highlights the often overlooked status of fat tissue as one such organ. He discusses how fat tissue releases hormones into the bloodstream, exerting significant metabolic effects throughout the body.
The lecture delves into sex-specific differences in fat distribution and hormone production, with a focus on the influence of estrogen on fat storage and hormone levels in women. Dr. Bikman further explores the impact of menopause on fat tissue and hormonal changes, shedding light on how shifts in hormone production affect metabolism and fertility.
Leptin, the first discovered fat-derived hormone, is dissected in detail by Dr. Bikman, who elucidates its role in appetite regulation, metabolic processes, and fertility. He discusses how excess fat can lead to leptin resistance, compromising its effectiveness in metabolic regulation.
Other hormones such as adiponectin, estrogen, TNF alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and T3 are also explored for their metabolic effects and their association with fat cell size.
The lecture concludes with a focus on brown adipose tissue and its production of T3, highlighting its role in regulating metabolic rate, particularly in response to stimuli like cold exposure.
In summary, Dr. Bikman provides a comprehensive overview of the endocrine functions of adipose tissue, emphasizing the intricate relationship between fat cells and hormone regulation, with implications for metabolism, inflammation, and overall health.
00:01 - Introduction to Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
01:07 - Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Distribution
03:21 - Impact of Menopause on Fat Tissue and Hormone Production
05:45 - Endocrine Effects of Fat Distribution
07:58 - Role of Fat Tissue in Aromatization and Estrogen Production
10:13 - Impact of Fat Cell Size on Hormone Production
12:24 - Detailed Exploration of Leptin
14:45 - Examination of Adiponectin and its Metabolic Effects
18:17 - TNF Alpha and its Impact on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
21:05 - Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and its Implications for Clotting
22:16 - Brown Adipose Tissue and its Production of T3
24:30 - Conclusion and Summary
#insulinresistance #metabolicsyndrome #metabolichealth #type2diabetes #type1diabetes #weightloss #intermittentfasting #intermittantfasting #fasting #lowcarb
Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.com
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In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Professor Ben Bikman, a biomedical scientist specializing in diabetes, metabolism, and fat tissue, delves deeper into the topic of fat tissue, focusing specifically on its storage locations and the factors influencing them.
Dr. Bikman emphasizes the complexity and nuance of fat tissue beyond its commonly recognized role in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning, highlighting its function as an endocrine organ that produces various hormones and signals.
Ben begins by discussing the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which plays a crucial role in fat storage by pulling fats off circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the bloodstream. He explains how the expression and activity of LPL are influenced by factors such as insulin, exercise, and sex hormones, particularly testosterone and estrogen.
The lecture explores how sex differences play a significant role in fat storage patterns, with males tending to store fat centrally around the abdomen due to increased LPL expression induced by testosterone, while females typically store more fat in subcutaneous depots such as the breasts, buttocks, and hips, influenced by estrogen. Ben also discusses the impact of menopause on fat storage, noting shifts towards central fat deposition in women as estrogen levels decline.
Additionally, Dr. Bikman touches on the effects of aging on fat storage, explaining how fat cell number tends to plateau in adulthood and decrease in older age, leading to hypertrophy (enlargement) of existing fat cells and potentially ectopic fat deposition in organs like the liver and pancreas.
The lecture concludes with Ben addressing the difference between hyperplasia (increased fat cell number) and hypertrophy (increased fat cell size) in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, emphasizing the metabolic implications of storing fat in different locations. He also briefly mentions the influence of non-caloric signals, such as chemicals leached from plastics, on fat cell growth.
Overall, the lecture provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted nature of fat tissue storage, highlighting the interplay of hormonal, physiological, and environmental factors in shaping fat distribution and its metabolic consequences.
Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.comHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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Saknas det avsnitt?
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In this week's episode of the Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Bikman delves into the complexities of fat tissue. The lecture aims to shift perspectives on fat beyond mere energy storage, highlighting its multifaceted roles in the body. Dr. Bikman encourages listeners to not only absorb the information but also become teachers themselves, spreading these insights and implementing practical changes.
The lecture begins with an exploration of the evolutionary role of fat, debunking misconceptions and emphasizing its importance in survival and early development. Dr. Bikman discusses theories like the expensive tissue hypothesis, shedding light on why humans are born with fat and its significance in brain growth.
Moving on, Dr. Bikman dives into the different types of fat and their storage mechanisms. He explains the distinctions between subcutaneous and visceral fat, emphasizing their impact on metabolic health. Additionally, he explores the metabolic behavior of fat tissue, distinguishing between white, brown, and beige fat and their implications for energy expenditure and storage.
The lecture concludes with a discussion on the genetic and environmental factors influencing fat storage. Dr. Bikman highlights the role of insulin and energy availability in fat accumulation, as well as the impact of diet and environmental chemicals. By understanding these factors, listeners gain insights into managing weight and promoting metabolic health. Until next time in the Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Bikman reminds his audience: more knowledge, better health.
#insulinresistance #metabolicsyndrome #metabolichealth #type2diabetes #type1diabetes #weightloss #intermittentfasting #intermittantfasting #fasting
Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.com
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In this week's episode of the Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman welcomes viewers to a discussion on commonly used cardiometabolic and weight loss drugs. The focus of this particular lecture is on drugs targeting heart disease, a leading cause of mortality globally. Dr. Bikman acknowledges the controversy surrounding cardiovascular drugs due to the severity of heart disease and the passionate advocacy for drug therapies.
The lecture begins with an overview of two main categories of cardiovascular drugs: those addressing blood pressure and those targeting cholesterol levels. Dr. Bikman explains the significance of blood pressure in cardiovascular health, emphasizing its correlation with heart attacks and hypertension. He delves into the physiological effects of high blood pressure, likening it to over-inflating a balloon and causing stress and damage to the inner lining of blood vessels.
Moving on to drugs that control blood pressure, Dr. Bikman highlights the potential impact on insulin resistance and mitochondrial function, crucial factors in heart disease risk. He discusses common classes of antihypertensive drugs such as beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, detailing their mechanisms and side effects.
Transitioning to cholesterol-lowering drugs, Dr. Bikman discusses the controversy surrounding the assumption that cholesterol is solely responsible for heart disease. He challenges the oversimplified view of LDL cholesterol's role in plaque formation and suggests alternative paradigms, including the immune response to infections in blood vessels.
Dr. Bikman then discusses two classes of anti-cholesterol medications: PCSK9 inhibitors and statins. He explains how PCSK9 inhibitors increase LDL receptor expression to enhance LDL clearance and discusses potential side effects such as worsened insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, he explores the mechanism of statins in reducing cholesterol production and addresses controversies surrounding their use, including potential risks of developing type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
#insulinresistance #metabolicsyndrome #metabolichealth #type2diabetes #type1diabetes #weightloss #intermittentfasting #intermittantfasting #fasting #lowcarb
Learn more at: Insulin IQ
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In today's lecture, Dr. Bikman guides his audience through a comprehensive exploration of anti-diabetic drugs, shedding light on their mechanisms, implications, and the broader context of diabetes management. Kicking off the discussion, Dr. Bikman elucidated the prevalent glucose-centric paradigm in understanding diabetes, emphasizing its limitations, particularly in discerning the nuanced differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. He underscored the pivotal role of insulin deficiency in type 1 and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, setting the stage for a deeper dive into the intricacies of anti-diabetic medications.
The lecture commenced with an in-depth analysis of metformin, a cornerstone in diabetes treatment known for its efficacy in improving insulin sensitivity. Despite its widespread use, Dr. Bikman elucidated the persistent ambiguity surrounding metformin's cellular mechanisms, particularly concerning its impact on mitochondrial function. While acknowledging its beneficial effects, such as reducing hepatic glucose production, Dr. Bikman also highlighted the drug's gastrointestinal side effects and its potential to blunt mitochondrial adaptations to exercise.
Transitioning to insulin therapy, Dr. Bikman delineated its indispensable role in type 1 diabetes management but cautioned against its potential risks in type 2 diabetes, including weight gain and heightened cardiovascular, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease risks. He delved into the nuances of insulin secretagogues and thiazolidinediones, discussing their mechanisms and associated complications, such as increased cardiovascular risk and adverse effects on adipogenesis.
Further, Dr. Bikman explored GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, elucidating their mechanisms of action and potential side effects, including an elevated risk of urinary tract infections with SGLT2 inhibitors and heightened ketogenesis. Before concluding, he briefly touched on amylin analogs, adding another dimension to the multifaceted landscape of anti-diabetic medications.
Dr. Bikman's lecture provided a comprehensive understanding of anti-diabetic drugs, transcending the traditional glucose-centric perspective and highlighting the complexities inherent in diabetes management. By navigating through the intricate mechanisms and implications of these medications, he empowered his audience with invaluable insights to navigate the complexities of diabetes treatment effectively.
#insulinresistance #metabolicsyndrome #metabolichealth #type2diabetes #type1diabetes #weightloss #intermittentfasting #intermittantfasting #fasting
Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.com
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In today's episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman delves into the fascinating topic of GLP-1, a hormone of significant interest in metabolic research. Dr. Bikman sets the stage by expanding the discussion beyond GLP-1 to include other incretions, defining them as a class of hormones produced by the small intestine. These hormones play crucial roles in nutrient metabolism, satiety, and hunger regulation.
The discovery of incretions stemmed from observations following gastric bypass surgeries, where elevated levels of these hormones were found in the bloodstream, leading to improvements in diabetes. Dr. Bikman highlights GLP-1's well-known effect on insulin secretion and glucagon suppression, which contribute to its ability to rapidly correct high glucose levels and improve diabetes. However, he notes the ongoing debate regarding GLP-1's direct insulin secretagogue effect in humans, contrasting findings from cell culture and animal models with recent human studies.
Moving beyond GLP-1, Dr. Bikman discusses other incretions like GIP, PYY, and cholecystokinin, outlining their roles in glucose regulation, appetite control, and digestion. He explores the pharmacological applications of GLP-1 agonists in managing diabetes and obesity, detailing various drugs and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, he touches upon natural methods to enhance GLP-1 secretion, including dietary factors like protein, fat, and sugars. The session concludes with insights into the live Q&A session, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between science and audience participation in The Metabolic Classroom.
Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.com
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Beginning with a discussion on the evolution of these medications, Dr. Bikman emphasizes their significance in combating obesity-related health issues. He proceeds to analyze the mechanisms of popular weight loss drugs, such as Orlistat, Phentermine, and the combination of Phentermine with Topiramate, elucidating how each functions to aid weight loss.
While highlighting the benefits, Dr. Bikman doesn’t shy away from detailing the potential side effects, ensuring a comprehensive understanding for the audience. Moreover, he shares an intriguing scientific fact regarding lactate’s role in fat metabolism, adding depth to the discussion. Throughout, Dr. Bikman maintains a balance between scientific evidence and personal insight, fostering an engaging and informative session.
In discussing liraglutide’s mechanism of action, Dr. Bikman reveals its role as a GLP-1 receptor agonist, mimicking the actions of the incretin GLP-1. He then previews next week’s class dedicated to incretins and their use in weight loss drugs, including medications like wegovy and ozempic.
Liraglutide primarily promotes weight loss by reducing gastric emptying, leading to prolonged feelings of fullness and decreased appetite. Additionally, it inhibits glucagon, lowering blood glucose levels and subsequently increasing metabolic rate and fat burning. Dr. Bikman notes common side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort and hints at potential risks of thyroid tumors associated with GLP-1 agonists.
Ben transitions to discussing semaglutide, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, and its similar effects on weight loss and side effects, including the possibility of ileus. He also touches on metformin’s off-label use for weight loss, its mechanisms involving AMPK activation and ATP inhibition, and its potential interference with exercise-induced mitochondrial benefits.
Learn more at: Insulin IQ
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In today's Metabolic Classroom, the discussion centers on addressing insulin resistance, marking the final part of a series that viewers are encouraged to catch up on if they haven't already. Previous episodes have delved into the nature, origins, and implications of insulin resistance, highlighting its association with various diseases. Despite the somber tone of these revelations, the current discussion offers a ray of hope by focusing on solutions to this pervasive issue, emphasizing its solvability and preventability.
Before delving into strategies for combating insulin resistance, Dr. Bikman takes a moment to outline methods for assessing one's own insulin resistance status, recognizing limitations in traditional approaches that solely focus on glucose levels. He stresses the importance of understanding insulin's broader role beyond glucose regulation, highlighting the significance of elevated insulin levels as an early indicator of resistance. The discussion moves to practical considerations, such as interpreting fasting insulin levels, with values below six suggesting insulin sensitivity, while higher readings may indicate varying degrees of resistance, requiring further evaluation.
Learn more: https://www.insuliniq.com
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The focus of Dr. Bikman’s Metabolic Classroom today is to help us all better understand, “Why does insulin resistance matter?”
This week's Metabolic Classroom with Dr. Bikman delves into insulin resistance and its impact on health. Insulin resistance, involving impaired insulin function and elevated blood insulin levels, is explored as a key factor in chronic diseases. Dr. Bikman focuses on its crucial role in connecting obesity and type two diabetes, examining its effects on muscle tissue, the liver, and pancreatic alpha cells.
The delayed diagnosis of type two diabetes, due to a focus on glucose levels, is highlighted, with Dr. Bikman discussing the ongoing debate about which tissues become insulin resistant first. The complexities of insulin resistance in fat cells, muscles, the liver, and alpha cells of the pancreas are underscored.
Insulin resistance's effects on glucose clearance in muscle tissue and disruptions in the liver's glycogen storage and glucose regulation are explained. The discussion expands to its impact on pancreatic alpha cells, contributing to elevated blood glucose levels. Dr. Bikman explores the connection between insulin resistance and various health issues, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, Alzheimer's, hypertension, and infertility.
In examining these health conditions, Dr. Bikman challenges conventional views and emphasizes the role of insulin resistance. For instance, Alzheimer's is linked to metabolic factors, while hypertension is connected to insulin-driven mechanisms. The discussion also covers the influence of insulin resistance on infertility, affecting both erectile dysfunction and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Dr. Bikman concludes by summarizing how insulin resistance influences these health conditions and highlights lifestyle modifications as a positive intervention. The upcoming discussion on clinically measuring insulin resistance and actionable steps is teased, urging viewers to share this knowledge for broader awareness.
Learn more at: Insulin IQ
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The focus of the classroom today is to help you better understand the origins of insulin resistance.
Learn more at: Insulin IQ
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The title for today is focusing on Insulin Resistance in the Metabolic Syndrome, and I could describe that another way, which is just kind of understanding metabolic health and that’s at the heart of what I wanted to focus on for the time that we have during the lesson itself.
Alright, so first of all, metabolic health. We’ve all heard the term metabolism a lot. It is a buzzword, it is a word that we hear perhaps too often and even to the point that it’s often misused.
Metabolism, just to be very precise, is the balance of all of the chemical reactions that are happening in the body. There are biochemical reactions in every cell that are trying to build up molecules. Those are called anabolic reactions or anabolism, and there are chemical biochemical processes that are degrading molecules, breaking them down. That is catabolism and metabolism is the fusion or the balance of all of those things. The sum of all of those reactions.
Now with metabolic health, we’re starting to get more specific to the topic.
Learn more at: Insulin IQ
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Many people today are wary of discussions about leaky gut because there are so many questionable cures being sold without scientific evidence to support them. Let's talk about exactly what leaky gut is and how it's affected by what we eat.
Here are the resources that Ben references during the episode:
Source #1 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18000291/
Source #2 - https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hep.30652
Source #3 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412740/
Source #4 - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/373/6553/eabe6729
Source #5 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171436/
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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One of the most persistent oppositions to a low carb diet is the idea that it can damage the kidneys. Let's dive into what the data really shows.
Here is the resource that Ben references during the episode:
Source #1 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30383278/
Source #2 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27346534/
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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Many people claim that eating low-carb can actually make you insulin resistant. How can this be? The answer lies in the key difference between two types of insulin resistance; pathological versus physiological. Let's discuss what's really happening.
Here is the resource that Ben references during the episode:
Source #1 - https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/5/5/bvab049/6199842?login=true
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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It’s estimated that up to 12% of women in the US are affected by fertility problems directly caused by insulin resistance. Join Dr. Ben Bikman, the Insulin IQ team, and special guest Dr. Steven Cowles, OBGYN, for a conversation on how insulin control is giving women hope to have the family they want.
Here is the resource that Ben references during the episode:
Source #1 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26225266/
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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Here are the resources that Ben references during the episode:
Study #1 - https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/2/364.short
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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For our entire lives we’ve always heard that “healthy whole grains are an essential part of a balanced diet.” In light of what we now know about nutrition and insulin, does that statement hold up? Join Dr. Bikman and the Insulin IQ team for a conversation about the evidence.
Here are the resources that Ben references during the episode:
Study #1 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0002934387900581?via%3Dihub
Study #2 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10498.x
Study #3 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4325021/
Study #4 - https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full/10.4141/cjas2012-017
Study #5 - https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/103/2/341/4564756?login=true
BYU Address - https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/benjamin-bikman/the-plagues-of-prosperity/
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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Some of the most common diabetes drugs work in interesting ways. Let’s talk about some of the most common: SGLT inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Here are the resources that Ben references during the episode:
Study #1 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917578/
Study #2 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30240793/
Study #3 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827151/
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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“Good” cholesterol? “Bad” cholesterol? Decades of unclear and misinterpreted science have led to widespread misunderstanding of this vital component of every cell in our bodies. Join Dr. Ben Bikman, special guest Dr. Bret Scher, and the Insulin IQ team as we distill down what you need to know about cholesterol.
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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Despite sharing a name, type 1 and type 2 diabetes have surprisingly little in common. Let’s explore what they have in common and their many differences.
Here are the resources that Ben references during the episode:
Study #1 - https://www.endocrinology.org/endocrinologist/129-autumn18/features/endogenous-insulin-its-role-in-the-initiation-progression-and-management-of-diabetes
Learn more at Insulin IQ
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- Visa fler
