Avsnitt

  • From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle describing Edward the Martyr (975-78). 'Men murdered him, but God exalted him. In life he was an earthly king; after death he is now a heavenly saint. His earthly kinsmen would not avenge him, but his heavenly Father has greatly avenged him. The earthly killers would have destroyed his memory. Those who would not bow to his living body now humbly on their knees bow to his dead bones. How we may understand that the wisdom of men, their plans and counsel, are nothing against God’s purpose.'

    Characters

    Edward the Martyr - King of England (975-78)

    Aethelred - brother of Edward and claimant

    Edgar - King of England (959-75), father of Edward and Aethelred

    Aethelflaed - first wife of Edgar, mother of Edward

    Wulfthryth - possible second wife of Edgar

    Aelfthryth - third wife of Edgar, mother of Aethelred

    Dunstan - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Aethelwold - Bishop of Winchester

    Oswald - Bishop of Worcester, Archbishop of York

    Aethelwine - Alderman of East-Anglia

    Aelfhere - Ealdorman of Mercia

    Brihthelm - former Archbishop of Canterbury

    Kenneth II - King of Scotland

    Geoffrey Gaimar - chronicler

    Lantfred - chronicler and Winchester monk

    Byrthferth - chronicler

    Osbern of Canterbury - chronicler

    Music: Medieval Suspense by Alexander Nakarada (www.creatorchords.com)

    Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License

    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    In Excelsis Deo

  • According to the Anglo-Saxon chronicle, ‘in Edgar's (959-75) days all things gladly grew good, and God granted that he dwelt in peace while he lived, and he did, as was necessary, work eagerly towards it. He was mighty in arms, exulting in sceptres and diadems, and regally protected the laws of the kingdom with militant authority.’

    Characters

    Edgar - King of England (959-975), King of the Mercians and Northumbrians (957-59)

    Aethelflaed - first wife of Edgar

    Wulfthryth - possible second wife of Edgar

    Aelfthryth - third wife of Edgar

    Eadwig - King of England (955-59), brother of Edgar

    Edmund I - King of England (939-46), father of Edgar

    Eadred - King of England (946-55), uncle of Edgar

    Eadgifu - grandmother of Edgar

    Dunstan - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Aethelwold - Bishop of Winchester

    Oswald - Bishop of Worcester, Archbishop of York

    Aethelstan half-king - Alderman of East-Anglia

    Aelfsige - former Archbishop of Canterbury

    Brihthelm - former Archbishop of Canterbury

    Kenneth II - King of Scotland

    Geoffrey Gaimar - chronicler

    Lantfred - chronicler and Winchester monk

    Credits

    Music: Cold Journey by Alexander Nakarada (www.creatorchords.com)

    Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License

    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    Suso_ramallo__binaural-catholic-gregorian-chant-mass-liturgy

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  • Perhaps no image of an Anglo-Saxon king has been shaped as unyieldingly by his enemies as Eadwig's (955-59). Ruthless purging of the old guard of his father and uncle and the appointments of favourites resulted in his character assassination in the hagiographies of the men he’d dismissed. He was labelled an incorrigible rascal and lecher. The accounts paint a picture of a naïve, capricious, salacious misguided boy, who side-lined experienced advisors when they resisted his childish impulses.

    Characters

    Eadwig - King of England (955-59)

    Aelfgifu - wife of Eadwig

    Edmund I - King of England (939-46), father of Eadwig

    Aelfgifu of Shaftesbury - mother of Eadwig

    Eadgifu - grandmother of Eadwig

    Edgar - younger brother of Eadwig, King of the Mercians and Northumbrians

    Aethelgifu - mother of Aelfgifu, Eadwig’s wife

    Aelric - Eadwig’s foster parent

    Dunstan - Abbot of Glastonbury

    Oda - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Aethelwold - Abbot of Abingdon

    Aethelstan half-king - Alderman of East-Anglia

    B - chronicler

    William of Malmesbury - chronicler

    Credits

    Music: Nomadic Dawn by Alexander Nakarada (www.creatorchords.com)

    Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 Licence

    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    Medieval_Town_SFX_Bundle

  • Within a year of being crowned, Eadred (946-55) was faced with possibly the most feared, most ruthless and most famous Viking to set foot on English shores. The battle to save Northumbria from Viking control was also fought in conjunction with a battle against a truly debilitating illness. Like his brothers before him, in securing the legacy of his forebears, he could not fail.

    Characters

    Eadred - King of England (946-55)

    Edmund I - King of England (939-46), elder brother of Eadred

    Eadgifu - third wife of Edward, mother of Eadred

    Edward the Elder - King of the Anglo-Saxons (899-924), father of Eadred

    Aethelstan - King of the Anglo-Saxons (924-37), King of England (927-939), half-brother of Eadred

    Eadburh - sister of Eadred

    Eadwig - son of Edmund and Eadred’s successor

    Alfred - King of the West-Saxons (871-886), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-899), grandfather of Edmund

    Dunstan - Abbot of Glastonbury

    Aethelwold - Abbot of Abingdon

    Aethelstan Half-king - Alderman of East-Anglia

    Oda - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Hywel Dda - King of Deheubarth

    Oswulf I - Earl of Bamburgh, commander of Northumbria

    Wulstan - Archbishop of York

    Olaf Sihtricson - King of Northumbria (941-44, 949-52)

    Eric Bloodaxe - King of Northumbria (947-48, 952-54)

    Credits

    Viking Calls - Marcus Dellicompagni (www.poundsound.uk)

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  • Much like those who came before and those who would follow, Edmund I’s (939-46) reign was largely dominated by the Viking threat. Though his early years were tense and characterised by Viking resurgence, he recovered the land won by his father and half-brother and ultimately succeeded in keeping the Viking threat at bay and thus continued the dream of his forebears, the dream of a united, peaceful England.

    Characters

    Edmund I - King of England (939-46)

    Eadgifu - third wife of Edward, mother of Edmund and Eadred

    Aelfgith - first wife of Edmund, mother of Eadwig and Edgar

    Aethelflaed of Damerham - second of wife of Edmund

    Edward the Elder - King of the Anglo-Saxons (899-924), father of Edmund

    Aethelstan - King of the Anglo-Saxons (924-37), King of England (927-939), half-brother of Edmund

    Eadred - brother of Edmund

    Eadburh - sister of Edmund

    Eadwig - son of Edmund

    Edgar - son of Edmund

    Alfred - King of the West-Saxons (871-886), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-899), grandfather of Edmund

    Aelfweard - half-brother of Edmund and Aethelstan and claimant

    Edwin - half-brother of Edmund and Aethelstan and claimant

    Dunstan - Abbot of Glastonbury

    Aethelstan Half-king - Alderman of East-Anglia

    Charles the Simple - King of West Francia (898-922), father of Louis

    Louis IV - King of West Francia (936-54), nephew of Edmund

    Alain - Duke of Brittany

    Wulstan - Archbishop of York

    Oda - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Olaf Guthfrithson - King of Dublin (934-39), King of Northumbria (939-41)

    Olaf Sihtricson - King of Dublin (945-47), King of Northumbria (941-44)

    Hywel Dda - King of Deheubarth

    Idwal foel - King of Gwynedd

    Constantine II - King of Alba (900-43)

    Malcolm I - King of Alba (943-54)

    Owain - King of Strathclyde

    Dyfnwal/Dunmail - King of Strathclyde/Cumbria, son of Owain

    Hugh the Great - Duke of the Franks

    Otto I - King of East Francia

    Leofa - outlaw and killer of Edmund

    Credits

    Freesound.org:

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    682383__pnmcarrierailfan__axe-pacts-wood-09-w-crash

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    505272__diegolar__surrounded-by-horse close perspective

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    Music: The Wizard by Alexander Nakarada (www.creatorchords.com)

    Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Aethelstan (924-939), renowned through the whole world whose fame flourishes and whose honour endures everywhere, whom God set as king over the English people. Raised on the high throne, and leader of these earthly armies, so that the king himself, mighty in war, could conquer other fierce kings and crush their proud necks.

    Characters

    Aethelstan - King of the Anglo-Saxons (924-927), King of the English (927-939)

    Edward the Elder - King of the Anglo-Saxons (899-924), father of Aethelstan

    Ecgwynn - first wife of Edward, mother of Aethelstan

    Aelfflaed - second wife of Edward, mother of Aelfweard, Edwin and Eadgifu

    Eadgifu - third wife of Edward, mother of Edmund and Eadred

    Aethelflaed - Lady of Mercia (911-918), aunt of Aethelstan

    Alfred - King of the West-Saxons (871-886), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-899), grandfather of Aethelstan

    Aelfweard - half-brother of Aethelstan and claimant

    Edwin - half-brother of Aethelstan and claimant

    Constantine II - King of Alba

    Owain - King of Strathclyde

    Sihtric - Viking King of Dublin (917-20)

    Guthfrith - Viking King of Dublin (920-34)

    Olaf Guthfrithson - Viking King of Dublin (934-39)

    Henry I - King of GermanyHarald Finehair - King of Norway

    Hywel Dda - king of Deheubarth

    Idwal foel - king of Gwynedd

    Morgan ap Owain - king of Gwent

    Tewdwr ap Elisse - king of Brycheiniog

    William of Malmesbury - 13th century chronicler

    Credits

    Music: Chivalry Fair by Alexander Nakarada (www.creatorchords.com)

    Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License

    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Though Edward the Elder's reign (899-924) is overshadowed by his father and his son. His achievements during his 25 years reign were unquestionable. He continued his father’s work with determination and courage. Historian Frank Stenton characterised his reign as one of the best sustained and most decisive campaigns in the whole of the Dark Ages.

    Characters

    Edward the Elder - King of the Anglo-Saxons (899-924)

    Aethelflaed - Lady of Mercia (911-918), elder sister of Edward

    Alfred - King of the West-Saxons (871-886), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-899), father Edward and Aethelflaed

    Ealhswith - mother of Edward and Aethelflaed

    Aethelwold - cousin of Edward and claimant to the throne

    Aethelhelm - cousin of Edward and former claimant to the throne

    Ecgwynn - first wife of Edward, mother of Aethelstan and Edith

    Aelfflaed - second wife of Edward, mother of Aelfweard, Edwin and Eadgifu

    Eadgifu - third wife of Edward, mother of Edmund and Eadred

    Aethelstan - aetheling and son of Edward

    Aethelred - Lord of Mercia (881-911), husband of Aethelflaed

    Plegmund - Archbishop of Canterbury

    William of Malmesbury - chronicler

    Guthrum - Danish warlord and King of East-Anglia (878-890)

    Eohric - Danish Viking king of East Anglia (890-902)

    Western-Viking hybrid music - Alexander Nakarada

    Vikings-in-battle-swords-crossing-shields-bashing-men-yelling-17335

    Soundmary - wild horses running

    Warfare and battlefields - medieval battlefield - weapons- horses- and soldiers

    Warfare and battlefields - medieval battlefield - weapons and horses - close perspective

    Factus est repente

  • Alfred the Great (871-99) was the embodiment of the ideal, but practical, Christian ruler. He was the ‘truth teller’, described as a brave, resourceful, pious man.

    Despite his legacy being warped by Victorian and contemporary accounts, his achievements remain visible and profound. They allowed his son and grandsons to build on his political and military initiatives to unite England under the rule of one king.

    Characters

    Alfred - King of Wessex (871-86), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-99)

    Ealhswith - wife of Alfred

    Aethelred - King of Wessex (865-71), brother of Alfred

    Aethelbert - King of Wessex (860-65), brother of Alfred

    Aethelbald - King of Wessex (858-60), brother of Alfred

    Aethelwulf - King of Wessex (839-58), father of Alfred

    Ecgberht - King of Wessex (802-39), grandfather of Alfred

    Edward - son and heir of AlfredAethelswith - Alfred’s sister, wife of Burghred

    Aelle - King of NorthumbriaEdmund - King of East-Anglia

    Burghred - King of MerciaCeolwulf - King of Mercia

    Lord Aethelred - Lord of the Mercians under Alfred

    Aefelflaed - Lady of the Mercians, wife of Lord Aethelred

    Viking leaders

    Guthrum

    Ivar the Boneless

    Ragnar Lothbrook

    Haesten

    Ubbe

    Credits

    Leaving for Valhalla - Alexander Nakarada

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    704440__roemergruft__viking-horn-in-d

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  • Elizabeth II (1952-2022) ruled for 70 years, the second longest verifiably recorded reign of any monarch in world history behind Louis XIV. For 4 out of 5 Brits, she was the only monarch they had ever known. In a reign that was characterised by a redefinition of monarchy and empire. She offered calmness, reassurance, comfort, leadership and perspective over perhaps the most significant period of social, economic and technological change of any reign in British history. Despite the challenges of modern perspectives around the principles and practicalities of monarchy her adaptability and strong sense of civic duty ensured its survival.

    Elizabeth II - Queen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (1952-2022)

    Prince Philip - Duke of Edinburgh, Consort of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (1952-2021)

    George VI - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Emperor of India (1936-47), father of Elizabeth

    Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Empress of India (1936-47), mother of Elizabeth

    Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1936), uncle of ElizabethGeorge V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), grandfather of Elizabeth

    Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), grandmother of Elizabeth

    Princess Margaret - sister of Elizabeth

    Prince Charles - eldest son of Elizabeth and heir

    Princess Anne - daughter of Elizabeth

    Prince Andrew - son of Elizabeth

    Prince Edward - son of Elizabeth

    Prince William - son of Charles and Diana, grandson of Elizabeth

    Prince Harry - son of Charles and Diana, grandson of Elizabeth

    Princess Diana - first wife of Charles

    Camilla Parker-Bowles - second wife of Charles

    Marion Crawford - governess to Elizabeth and Margaret

    Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Winston Churchill - Prime Minister 1940-45, 51-55

    Anthony Eden - Prime Minister 1955-57Harold MacMillan - Prime Minister 1957-63Alec Douglas-Home - Prime Minister 1963-64

    Margaret Thatcher - Prime Minister 1979-1990

    Tony Blair - Prime Minister 1997-2007

    Liz Truss - Prime Minister 2022

    Michael Fagan - Buckingham Palace intruder

    Credits

    Jerusalem - Hubert Parry, Edward Elgar

    A Moonlit Night On The Spring RiverZadok The Priest - George Friedrich Handel

    We Wait For Thy Loving Kindness - William McKie

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    660407__datari__toddler-laughing-2-years-old

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  • George VI (1936-52) led Britain through one of the most consequential periods in world history. His modest and undramatic style of rule in stark contrast to the controversy and drama which surrounded the short reign of his brother was required to guide Britain through the Second World War and the death of the British Empire. He was a steady hand, who overcame his own personal limitations and won the respect of the British people.

    Characters

    George VI - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Emperor of India (1936-47)

    Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Empress of India (1936-47)

    Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1936), brother of GeorgeGeorge V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), father of George

    Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1901-10), grandfather of George

    Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1837-1901) and Empress of India (1876-1901), Great-grandmother of George

    Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), mother of George

    Wallis Simpson - Wife of Edward VIII

    Princess Elizabeth - elder daughter of George and Elizabeth

    Princess Margaret - younger daughter of George and Elizabeth

    Prince Philip - husband of Princess Elizabeth

    Prime Ministers

    Stanley Baldwin (1935-37)Neville Chamberlain (1937-40)

    Winston Churchill (1940-45, 1951-55)

    Clement Attlee (1945-51)

    Aneurin Bevan - Labour Minister of Health, co-founder of the NHS

    Duff Cooper - anti-appeasement Conservative politician

    Alec Hardinge - Private Secretary of George VI

    Lionel Logue - Australian speech therapist

    Freda Dudley Ward - Edward VIII’s former mistress

    Phyllis Monkman - George’s former love interest

    Sheila Chisholm - George’s former mistress

    Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Adolf Hitler - Fuhrer of Germany (1934-45)

    Benito Mussolini - Dictator of Italy (1922-43)

    Richard Grigg - Historian

    Credits

    Wenn die Soldaten

    I was glad Hubert Parry

    King Oliver s Jazz Band

    The Planets - Jupiter - Gustav Holst

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    bbc_battle-of-_07008071

  • Edward VIII (1936) ruled for 325 days, the shortest reign of any English monarch since Lady Jane Grey in the 16th century. The first monarch to abdicate since James II in 1688 and the first to do so voluntarily. The abdication crisis shook the British establishment to its core. His connections to Nazi Germany has undoubtedly shrouded his life in ignominy. Even after the war, he was known to describe Hitler as ‘not such a bad chap’. Shunned by the royal family for the crisis he had created and for putting private desire above public duty. It could also have been because they knew, unlike the country, that he was a traitor.

    Characters

    Edward VIII - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Emperor of India (1936). Duke of Windsor (1937-72)

    Wallis Simpson - Duchess of Windsor (1937-86), wife of Edward

    George V - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Emperor of India (1910-36), father of Edward VIII and George VI

    Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Empress of India (1910-36), mother of Edward VIII and George VI

    George VI - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1936-52). Emperor of India (1936-47). Younger brother of Edward.

    Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1936-52. Empress of India (1936-47). Wife of George VI

    Queen Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901), great-grandmother of Edward

    Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom (1901-10), grandfather of Edward

    Herbert Warren - Edward’s tutor and President of Magdalen college, Oxford

    Lord Kitchener - Secretary of War

    Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury

    Alec Hardinge - Private Secretary to the Sovereign

    Louis Mountbatten - British Statesman and friend of Edward

    David Lloyd George - Leader of the Liberal Party, Prime Minister (1916-22)

    Stanley Baldwin - Leader of the Conservative Party, Prime Minister (1935-37)

    Winston Churchill - Leader of the Conservative Party, Prime Minister (1940-45, 51-55)

    Clement Attlee - Leader of the Labour Party, Prime Minister (1945-51)

    Anthony Eden - Foreign Secretary, Prime Minister (1955-57)

    Winifred Dudley Ward - mistress of Edward

    Thelma Furness - mistress of Edward

    Ernest Simpson - husband of Wallis (1928-37)

    Lord Rothermere - media mogul, founder of the Daily Mail

    Lord Beaverbrook - owner of the Daily Express

    Oswald Mosley - leader of the British Union of Fascists

    Ricardo Espirito Santo - Portuguese banker and associate of Edward

    Adolf Hitler - Chancellor of Germany (1933-45), Fuhrer (1934-45)

    Joseph Goebbels - Reichminister of Propaganda

    Hermann Goering - Reichsmarschall and leading Nazi figure

    Joachim von Ribbentrop - German ambassador to the United Kingdom, Reichminister of Foreign Affairs, Wallis Simpson’s lover.

    Credits

    Pomp and Circumstance No. 3Erika (German Soldier’s song)

    When Eliza Rolls Her Eyes

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    Bbc_world-war-_07046171

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  • George V's reign (1910-36) stretched across perhaps the most tumultuous period in world history. It saw the bloodiest war to date, the financial markets melt and the rise of fascism and communism

    His calm, dutiful leadership would be put to the test, the British monarchy faced perhaps its biggest existential threat as Europe faced unparalleled political and social change.

    Characters

    George V - King of the United Kingdom and the British dominions, Emperor of India (1910-36)

    Mary of Teck - Queen of the United Kingdom and the British dominions, Empress of India (1910-36)

    Edward VII - Father of George, King (1901-10)

    Alexandra of Denmark - mother of George, Queen consort (1901-10)

    Albert ‘Eddy’ - brother of George

    Victoria - Grandmother of George, Queen (1837-01)

    Albert - Grandfather of George, Prince consort (1837-61)

    David - eldest son of George and future Edward VIII

    Bertie - younger son of George and future George VII

    John Neale Dalton - tutor

    Emmeline Pankhurst - leader of the Suffragette movement

    Emily Davison - Suffragette killed during the 1913 Derby

    Edward Carson - Irish Unionist politician

    Bertrand Edward Dawson - George’s physician

    Winston Churchill - Minister of Munitions, First Lord of the Admiralty, Chancellor of the Exchequer

    Field Marshal John French - Commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force

    Field Marshal Douglas Haig - Commander of the Expeditionary Force on the Western Front

    Lord Kitchener - Secretary of State for War

    Tsar Alexander III - Emperor of Russia (1881-94)

    Tsar Nicholas II - Emperor of Russia (1894-1917), cousin of George

    Kaiser Wilhelm II - Emperor of Germany (1888-1918), cousin of George

    Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary

    Gavrilo Princip - Serbian nationalist and Franz Ferdinand’s assassin

    Prime Ministers

    Herbert Asquith - 1908-16

    David Lloyd George - 1916-22

    Andrew Bonar Law - 1922-23

    Stanley Baldwin - 1923-24, 24-29, 35-37

    Ramsey MacDonald - 1924, 1929-35


    Pomp and Circumstance no. 4

    The Last Post

    Wo alle Straßen enden

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  • Politips host Ed Castel deep dives into the remarkable reignof Aethelstan, the man recognised as the first King of England as well as the Anglo-Saxons themselves. Many key questions are answered:

    Who were the Anglo-Saxons?

    What were the seven kingdoms and how did the deal withViking invasions?

    How are sources found?

    The reign of Athelstan: his rise and consolidation of power,his historic coronation, becoming ‘King of the whole of Britain’, the Battle of Brunanburh and the birth of English national identity, his foreign and domestic policy, and his legacy

    Twitter - @kingsqueenspod

    Instagram - @kingsqueenspodcast

    Facebook - The Kings and Queens Podcast

    Email - [email protected]

    For Politips

    https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/poli-tips

    Instagram and Twitter - @politipspodcast

  • It was a real privilege to interview Ben Kane. We spoke about his Lionheart series, his new book Napoleon’s spy, as well as the challenges faced and rewards gained from writing historical fiction.

    Initially well known for his excellent trilogies set in ancient Rome including the Forgotten Legion and the Spartacus series. More recently he has ventured into medieval England with his Lionheart series focussing on the reign of Richard I of England. His most recent book is set in the Napoleonic era.

    You can follow Ben on twitter - @BenKaneAuthor or on his website benkane.net I was joined by Ed Castel, a fellow History and Politics teacher, colleague and host of my other podcast – politips – politics for a-level and beyond.

    https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/poli-tips

  • In the words of the Edward VII (1901-1910) ‘I don’t mind praying to the Eternal Father, but I must be the only man in the country afflicted with an eternal mother. He had to wait 59 years to become king. Though only 9 years, the king also lent his name to an era. The Edwardian era was distinct in its social and cultural change with a rejection of certain Victorian values. The era saw significant social mobility, reform yet also hedonism. In the words of W. B. Yeats ‘everybody got down off their stilts.' He was perhaps the final monarch to hold true political power. The power and influence was held over the great monarchs of Europe, his relatives, who would soon succumb to republicanism, to socialism and to war.

    Politips for A-Level and Beyond https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/poli-tips

    Characters

    Edward VII ‘Bertie’ – King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions, Emperor of India (1901-10)
    Alexandra of Denmark – Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions, Empress consort of India (1901-10)
    Victoria – Queen of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1837-1901, Emperor of India (1876-1901), mother of Edward
    Prince Albert – Consort of the British monarch (1840-61), father of Edward
    Victoria, Princess Royal – German Empress consort, sister of Edward
    Prince Albert ‘Eddie’ – eldest son of Edward and Alexandra
    Prince George – second eldest son of Edward and Alexandra and heir apparent.
    Mary of Teck – former fiancé of Eddie and wife of Prince George.

    Canon Birch – tutor of Edward
    Frederick Gibbs – tutor of Edward

    Frederick Johnstone – close university friend ofEdward
    Henry Chaplin ‘Magnifico’ – close university friend of Edward

    Mistresses and alleged mistresses

    Nellie Clifden
    Harriet Mordaunt
    Daisy Greville
    Lady Aylesford
    Alice Keppel
    Lady Randolph Churchill – mother of Winston Churchill

    Charles Mordaunt – husband of Harriet
    Randolph Churchill – father of Winston Churchill
    Lord Blandford
    Lord Aylesford
    William Gordon-Cumming – army officer accused of cheating at baccarat.

    Prime Ministers
    Benjamin Disraeli – 1868, 1874-80
    William Gladstone – 1868-74, 80-85, 86, 92-94
    Lord Salisbury – 1895-1902
    Arthur Balfour – 1902-05
    Henry Campbell-Bannerman – 1905-08
    Herbert Asquith – 1908-16


    Joseph Chamberlain – Conservative MP, Colonial secretary under Balfour
    David Lloyd-George – Liberal MP, Chancellor of the Exchequer under Asquith

    Winston Churchill – Liberal MP, Trade Secretary and Home Secretary under Asquith
    Keir Hardie – Founder of the Labour party

    Lord Kitchener – British commander during the Boer War

    Joseph Lister – British surgeon and medical scientist

    Social reformers

    Charles Booth Seebohm RowntreeMaud Pember Reeves

    Credits

    Land of Hope and Glory – Edward Elgar
    Egyptian Fantasy – Sucre d’Orge Burlesque
    Gilbert & Sullivan – Cow and Box
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  • On the death of Queen Victoria (1837-1901), Arthur Balfour wrote, ‘I suppose that, in all the history of the British Monarchy, there never has been a case in which the feeling of national grief was so deep-seated as it is at present, so universal, so spontaneous. And that grief affects us not merely because we have lost a great personality, but because we feel that the end of a great epoch has come upon us—an epoch the beginning of which stretches beyond the memory, I suppose, of any individual whom I am now addressing, and which embraces within its compass sixty-three years, more important, more crowded with epoch-making change, than almost any other period of like length that could be selected in the history of the world.’

    Characters

    Queen Victoria – Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1837-1901)
    Prince Albert – Prince Consort of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1837-61)
    Prince Edward (Bertie) – Duke of Edinburgh, son of Victoria and Albert, heir apparent
    Duchess of Kent – mother of Victoria
    Prince Edward, duke of Kent – father of Victoria

    Previous Kings of the United Kingdom and Ireland

    George III –1760-1820
    George IV – 1820-30
    William IV – 1830-37

    John Conroy – comptroller to the duchess of Kent
    Louise Lehzen – governess of the Victoria’s household
    Feodore – Victoria’s half-sister
    Leopold I – King of Belgium

    Ernest Augustus – King ofHanover, uncle of Victoria

    Prime Ministers

    Lord Melbourne – 1835-41
    Robert Peel – 1841-46
    John Russell – 1846-52, 65-66
    Earl of Derby – 1846-52, 66-68
    Earl of Aberdeen – 1852-55, 58-59
    Lord Palmerston – 1855-58, 59-65
    Benjamin Disraeli – 1868, 74-80
    William Gladstone – 1868-74, 80-85, 86, 92-94
    Earl of Rosebury – 1894-95
    Lord Salisbury – 1885-86, 86-92, 95-02
    Arthur Balfour – 1902-05

    Flora Hastings – lady-in-waiting for the Duchess
    John Snow – physician and leader in the development of anaesthesia
    Mary Seacole – nurse who set up the ‘British Hotel’
    Florence Nightingale – social reformer and founder of modern nursing
    Sultan Khaleefah Abdul-Majid – Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
    Bahadur Shah Zafar – Mughal Emperor of India
    Cecil Rhodes – mining magnate and politician
    General Charles Gordon – army officer
    Lili’uokalani – Heir apparent and later Queen of Hawaii
    John Brown – Victoria’s personal attendant
    Abdul Karim – Victoria’s India Secretary
    Kaiser Wilhelm II – Emperor of Germany, grandson of Victoria

    Credits

    Cherry Ripe
    Sail the Ocean Blue – HMS pinafore – Gilbert and Sullivan
    Hallelujah – George Frideric Handel


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  • When William IV (1830-37) was a teenage sailor drinking and debauching his way across the empire alongside such esteemed friends as Horatio Nelson, no one expected that one day he would king. He was taught no royal graces or decorum, yet his time would come. He was described as unassuming and disinterested in pomp and as hard-working and conscientious. Despite a short rule, he would provide royal assent to some of the most significant acts in British history. He had political views and his lack of royal training meant; he would not be lightly brushed aside.

    Characters

    William IV – King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1830-37)
    Queen Adelaide – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1830-37)
    George IV - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1820-30), elder brother of William IV
    George III - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820), father of William IV and George IV
    Queen Charlotte – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1761-1818), mother of William IV and George IV
    Prince Frederick – elder brother of William IV
    Prince Adolphus – younger brother of William IV
    Prince Edward, Duke of Kent – younger brother of William IV, father of Victoria
    Victoria, Duchess of Kent – wife of Edward, mother of Prince Victoria
    Princess Victoria – niece of William IV and heir to the throne
    George, Earl of Munster – illegitimate son of William IV and Dorothea Jordan
    Dorothea Jordan – long-time mistress of William

    Horatio Nelson – British flag officer in the Royal Navy

    William Wilberforce – leading abolitionist

    George Canning – Prime Minister (1827)
    Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington – Commander at the Battle of Waterloo, Prime Minister (1828-30, 1834)
    Charles Grey, Earl Grey – Prime Minister (1830-34)
    William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne – Prime Minister (1834, 1835-41)
    Robert Peel – Prime Minister (1834-35)
    John Russell – Home Secretary
    Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston – Foreign Secretary
    Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby – War Secretary
    Henry Brougham – Lord High Chancellor

    John Nash - architect

    Charles Greville – Diarist
    Emily Eden - Poet

    George Washington – Commander-in-chief of the Continental army, 1stPresident of the United States

    Credits

    Beethoven’s 6th symphony ‘Pastorale’

    Freesound.org and BBC sound effects

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  • I have started a new podcast with my teaching colleagues. Politips... Politics for A-Level and Beyond. Reviewing the biggest stories in the world of politics in the UK and the US. Give it a try - links below for more episodes.
    https://anchor.fm/poli-tips 

    Also available on Spotify, Google, Amazon and Apple podcasts

  • Napoleon III, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte holds a unique distinction. He became the first President of France in 1848 before becoming its last monarch when he ruled as Emperor between 1852-1870 founding the second French empire. He oversaw the modernisation of the French economy, the grand reconstruction of Paris, considerable social reform, further colonisation overseas and renewed rivalries in Europe. The impact of his rule would be felt deep into the 20th century. I was lucky enough to speak to Sam, my British housemate who grew up in France about Napoleon III.

  • Contemporary poet and critic Leigh Hunt described George IV (1820-30) as a violator of his word, a libertine, over head and ears in debt, a disgrace, a despiser of domestic ties, the companion of demi-reps and gamblers without a single claim on the gratitude of his country, nor the respect of posterity. 

    Characters

    George IV – King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover (1820-30)
    George III – King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820), King of Hanover (1814-20)
    Charlotte of Mecklenberg- Strelitz – Queen consort of Great Britain and Ireland (1761-1818), Queen consort of Hanover (1814-18)
    Princess Charlotte of Wales – daughter of George and Caroline
    Prince Frederick, duke of York – younger brother of George and one-time heir presumptive
    Prince William – younger brother of George and eventual heir to the throne

    Maria Fitzherbert – illegitimate Catholic wife of George
    Caroline of Brunswick – legitimate wife of George
    Mary Robinson – a lady-in-waiting for Queen Charlotte, love interest of George

    Charles James Fox – Whig statesman and friend of George
    William Pitt the Younger – Prime Minister (1783-1801, 1804-06)
    Henry Addington – Prime Minister (1801-04)
    Lord Liverpool – Prime Minister (1812-27)
    George Canning – Prime Minister (1827)
    Duke of Wellington – Commander at the Battle of Waterloo, Prime Minister (1828-30, 1834)
    Robert Peel – Home Secretary, founder of the Metropolitan Police
    Daniel O’Connell – political leader of Ireland’s Catholic majority, later an MP
    Elizabeth Fry – Prison and social reformer

    Henry Hunt – radical speaker and agitator

    John Nash – Architect

    James Gilray – contemporary cartoonist
    Leigh Hunt – contemporary poet and critic
    Richard Sheridan – Irish satirist

    Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France

    Richard II – King of England (1377-99)
    Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85)