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  • Sal Mercogliano, professor of history at Campbell University and host of the What’s Going on with Shipping YouTube channel, joins the show once again to discuss Iran's renewed attacks on commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. Why is the ceasefire already beginning to unravel? What is Iran trying to accomplish by asserting control over the strait? And what could the long-term consequences be for global trade, energy markets, and freedom of navigation?



    02:11 - New arrangement in the Strait of Hormuz

    05:19 - Humanitarian situation for sailors

    06:53 - Jobs at sea and AI

    08:05 - New rounds of violence

    11:02 - Route options for ships

    13:30 - Why did the ceasefire break down?

    15:05 - Iran asserts control over the strait

    16:10 - Why were these ships targeted?

    19:08 - Strait of Hormuz as a strategic choke point

    21:49 - What Iran learned from the Houthis

    23:21 - Why energy prices haven't spiked

    28:20 - Impact on developing nations

    29:13 - The endgame in the Strait of Hormuz

    33:22 - U.S. naval presence in the Gulf

    36:26 - Iran's maritime protection racket

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  • Dr. John Mitani, professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan and recipient of the Charles R. Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award, joins School of War to discuss the violent chimpanzee civil war he documented among the Ngogo chimpanzees in Uganda. What caused one of the world's largest chimpanzee communities to turn on itself? What does chimpanzee warfare reveal about the origins of human conflict? And what separates humans from our closest living relatives?



    02:39 - How Dr. Mitani became an ape researcher

    04:02 - Why chimpanzees?

    05:13 - Humans' closest living relatives

    08:38 - The Ngogo chimpanzees

    09:31 - The chimpanzee civil war begins

    13:35 - Living among wild chimpanzees

    17:09 - Territorial patrols and warfare

    22:34 - Why the chimpanzee community split

    26:26 - How chimpanzees fight

    29:14 - The strategy behind chimp warfare

    31:24 - Why full stomachs lead to war

    33:10 - Land, food, and reproduction

    37:27 - Infanticide and the mystery of female survival

    39:26 - When civil war becomes permanent

    41:13 - What chimpanzees teach us about human nature

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  • Earlier this year, Aaron MacLean visited Ukraine, where he met with Georgian Legion commander Mamuka Mamulashvili. What happens when a boy goes to war at 14 years old? What does a lifetime of fighting Russians teach you about how they operate? And what lessons should the West be learning from war in Ukraine?

    02:18 - Growing up in Soviet Georgia

    03:53 - Russia's invasion of Abkhazia

    07:59 - Capture and torture by Russian forces

    10:24 - The First and Second Chechen Wars

    13:49 - Killing a Russian soldier for the first time

    17:32 - Force vs. diplomacy

    18:14 - Georgia's wars with Russia

    20:19 - The 2008 Russo-Georgian War

    23:47 - Georgian support for Ukraine

    24:39 - Mixed martial arts

    29:53 - Founding the Georgian Legion

    33:33 - The defense of Hostomel Airport

    43:32 - How drones have transformed warfare

    50:45 - Russian disinformation

    52:27 - Why Ukraine will ultimately win

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  • Rye Barcott, co-founder and CEO of With Honor, veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps, and author of Courage Can Save Us, joins School of War to discuss the meaning of courage, the enduring value of service, and the challenge of bridging America’s growing political divides. What separates courage from bravery? Can military service help heal a polarized America? And what does principled leadership look like in an age of distrust?

    01:28 - Murph challenge

    03:08 - Rye's father and Vietnam

    05:08 - Defining courage

    07:57 - First to Fight

    13:49 - Joining the Marines

    14:22 - September 11th

    17:42 - Bosnia, Africa, and Fallujah

    19:16 - Marine commanders

    23:52 - Life in Fallujah

    26:05 - The With Honor mission

    28:29 - America's polarization problem

    30:05 - Veterans in politics

    33:12 - The civil-military divide

    37:23 - Courage in politics

    41:57 - Congressman Jared Golden

    44:19 - Senator Todd Young

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  • Mark Dubowitz, CEO of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, returns to School of War to discuss the newly released memorandum of understanding between the United States and Iran. What does the deal actually say? What are its biggest strategic implications? And is it comparable to the JCPOA—or something worse?



    01:19 - Paragraph 1: Lebanon and Hezbollah

    09:45 - Paragraphs 2–3: Sovereignty and the 60-day clock

    11:24 - Paragraph 4: Lifting the blockade

    16:37 - Paragraph 5: The Strait of Hormuz

    23:48 - Paragraph 6: A $300 billion reconstruction fund

    33:49 - Paragraph 7: Ending all sanctions

    35:43 - Paragraph 8: Nuclear weapons and enrichment

    39:12 - Paragraph 9: Maintaining the status quo

    40:44 - Paragraph 10: Oil waivers and sanctions relief

    43:48 - Paragraph 11: Releasing frozen funds

    46:56 - Paragraph 12: Monitoring compliance

    47:52 - Paragraph 13: Negotiating the final deal

    50:59 - Paragraph 14: A UN Security Council resolution

    51:13 - Squandering battlefield leverage



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  • Eliot Cohen, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies; professor emeritus at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, author of The Strategist: How to Think About War and Politics; and co-host of the Shield of the Republic podcast, joins School of War to discuss the recent agreement between the United States and Iran. Did the United States and Israel accomplish their objectives against Iran? What does the conflict reveal about the U.S. military's readiness for future wars? And did Trump negotiate from a position of strength, or squander one?



    01:22 - Eliot Cohen on the war with Iran

    03:34 - Judging Trump by outcomes

    05:08 - A war 47 years in the making

    06:45 - What we don't know about the air campaign

    08:08 - Negotiating from strength?

    09:10 - Trump's negotiating style

    12:05 - Questions about America's conduct of the war

    14:31 - The Strait of Hormuz becomes the objective

    15:41 - Why the war ended when it did

    17:25 - Trump and the nature of war

    19:01 - Has Iran succeeded?

    23:21 - The decline of the Iranian empire

    28:09 - Why Trump got a bad deal

    31:36 - Auditing the U.S. military

    39:39 - Has warfare been transformed?

    42:10 - What should America do next?


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  • Arthur Herman, senior research fellow at the Civitas Institute at the University of Texas at Austin and author of Founder’s Fire: From 1776 to the Age of Trump, joins School of War to discuss how America’s Founding Fathers helped create a culture of innovation in technology, industry, and warfare. Who are the most important founders of the past and present? What lessons can they teach us about today’s revolution in warfare? And what makes American ingenuity so unique?

    02:45 - Defining founders

    10:56 - Technology at America's founding

     13:49  - Alex Karp and the founder mindset

    14:45 - The creation of Springfield Arsenal

    15:40 - Thomas Jefferson and American weapons

    19:10 - Today's revolution in warfare

    20:53 - AI on the battlefield

    21:49 - Why a strong economy matters

    24:40 - China's defense industry

    26:32  - American industrial policy

    29:11 - Lessons from Ukraine

    31:29 - Declining competition in weapons manufacturing

    33:38 - The burden of weapons regulations

    37:50 - Elon Musk's founder mentality

    41:52 - The future of American ingenuity


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  • Behnam Ben Taleblu, senior director of Foundation for Defense of Democracies’ (FDD) Iran Program and a senior fellow specializing in Iranian security and political issues, returns to School of War to discuss the latest round of fighting between Israel and Iran. Why did this latest wave of Iranian missile attacks feel different? Why does a weakened Iran seem emboldened? Where is the regime most vulnerable? And will politics in Washington prevent the U.S. from doing what is necessary to stop it?

    02:30 - Israel in Southern Lebanon

    04:37 - Iran's Missile Barrage Against Israel

    06:20 - FPV Drone Warfare in Lebanon

    08:30 - A New Iranian Strategy?

    12:16 - Cover for Terror Proxies

    14:14 - The Danger of a Weakened Iran

    17:44 - The Nazi Germany Comparison

    21:00 - The Wehrmacht's Last Stand

    22:07 - Iran's Reaction to Pressure

    25:09 - Targets in Iran and Israel

    30:15 - Where Is Iran Most Vulnerable?

    31:47 - The Iran-Iraq War Analogy

    32:44 - Exploiting Divisions in Iran

    35:09 - Political Obstacles to Maximum Pressure

    38:17 - Trump's Record on Iran Policy

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  • Anthony Vinci—co-founder and CEO of Vico, an AI company that empowers judgment and analysis in finance and national security, and author of The Fourth Intelligence Revolution—joins School of War to discuss the technological evolution of spycraft. How does an intelligence officer operate in a world of rapidly advancing technology? What happens when machines begin to assist, or even replace, human judgment? And are we being spied on constantly?

    02:33 - The Job of an Intelligence Officer

    03:43 - Technology and Intelligence Work

    05:58 - Living Under Surveillance

    07:43 - AI as an Intelligence Analyst

    09:37 - The Origins of American Intelligence

    10:15 - Who Was Wild Bill Donovan?

    12:37 - The Modern Intelligence Community

    14:25 - The Evolution of Spy Technology

    16:39 - The Intelligence Gap Before 9/11

    18:58 - A Mossad Chief's Critique

    23:10 - The Fourth Intelligence Revolution

    25:02 - AI and Autonomy

    27:49 - Are We All Being Spied On?

    30:05 - China's Political Warfare

    34:00 - The COVID Intelligence Failure

    39:59 - The Dangers of AI Language Models

    48:37 - TikTok and Surveillance

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  • Rep. Michael Baumgartner, who represents Washington’s 5th Congressional District, joins the show from Singapore at the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue. What was the tone and significance of Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s speech? How are the Asian economies fairing in lieu of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz? And what is the future of the American-led order in East Asia?

    03:07 - Tone of the Shangri-La Dialogue

    05:30 - Asia and the Strait of Hormuz

    09:35 - The UAE's Distance from Iran

    11:47 - America's Role in Asian Security

    13:06 - Asia's Reaction to Trump's China Summit

    15:25 - The Diversity of Asia

    16:54 - Pete Hegseth's Speech

    19:07 - The CCP's Control of China

    20:59 - Korean and Japanese Views on China

    24:07 - Drones and Autonomous Warfare

    24:50 - Vietnam's Reinvention

    28:07 - Singapore-U.S. Relations

    30:21 - Paused Arms Sales

    34:00 - Iran and Electoral Politics

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  • Matti Friedman is an award-winning journalist and columnist at The Free Press. He joins the show to discuss his latest book, Out of the Sky: Heroism and Rebirth in Nazi Europe. Whom were the Zionist Jews fighting on behalf of the British during World War II? What happened to the legendary Zionist figure Hannah Senesh? And how did a war story without battlefield success help give birth to a nation?



    01:45 - The scene in British Mandate Palestine

    07:30 - British MI9 unit

    07:38 - Jewish military units

    08:41 - Rescue missions into Europe

    14:21 - Secret meeting in Tel Aviv

    17:29 - Palestinian Jews’ view of European Jewry

    21:51 - Hannah Senesh

    24:46 - Parachuting technology in WWII

    26:44 - Sword of Honour trilogy

    29:48 - Discrimination against Jewish agents in Europe

    32:54 - Chaos at the end of WWII

    34:13 - Hannah Senesh’s doomed mission

    43:10 - The escape of Hannah’s mother

    47:43 - The importance of heroes and myths

    49:06 - Understanding Zionism

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  • Jake Sullivan, former U.S. national security adviser under President Joe Biden, Kissinger professor of the practice of statecraft and world order at the Harvard Kennedy School, and co-host of The Long Game podcast, joins School of War to discuss geopolitics through the lens of today’s Democratic Party. Where do Democrats stand on China, Israel, Iran, and the war in Ukraine?

    02:29 - China summit recap

    04:03 - President Trump’s goals in China

    05:44 - Taiwan threat level

    08:50 - Democratic Party position on China

    14:16 - Avoiding war with China

    16:39 - Nature of competition with China

    18:39 - Role of AI in power struggle

    23:44 - Critique of Trump’s Iran policy

    27:17 - Democratic Party position on Iran

    32:30 - Iran’s nuclear program

    35:25 - Democratic Party position on Israel

    45:15 - Russia-Ukraine conflict

    51:12 - Democratic Party restraint policies

    52:56 - Weapon systems assistance for Ukraine

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  • Sir Niall Ferguson, Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and columnist at The Free Press, joins the show in front of a live audience to discuss the perilous moment we find ourselves in and how it all relates to history. What is the status of the Iran war? What is influencing President Donald Trump’s policymaking? How do we defeat a dangerous wave of “anti-history”? And are we on the brink of a world war, a cold war, or something in between?

    03:35 - Historical analogies for today

    09:51 - Short war illusion

    15:14 - We’re in a Cold War II

    18:12 - Putin’s essay from 2021

    19:50 - Russia-Ukraine war

    25:29 - The American mythos of WWII

    26:58 - Anti-history

    30:04 - The life work of Bill Buckley

    31:37 - Return of antisemitism and socialism

    32:52 - President Trump’s worldview

    36:37 - The war in Iran

    47:45 - The new state of warfighting

    53:53 - President Trump’s treatment of Ukraine

    57:17 - Risks of Taiwan conflict

    01:03:57 - Limits to air power

    01:06:58 - Reversal of historical revisionism

    01:12:30 - Story about Aaron’s father



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  • Christian Brose, president and chief strategy officer of Anduril Industries and author of The Kill Chain: Defending America in the Future of High-Tech Warfare, joins the show to help us evaluate American performance against Iran so far and discuss the state of defense innovation in America. What is on the cutting edge? Where are we falling behind? And what happens if the war comes home? 



    Times:

    01:58 - Audit of Operation Epic Fury

    05:04 - Munitions and weapons shortages

    08:30 - New lower-cost weapons

    10:56 - The Barracuda cruise missile system

    15:04 - Lessons from the battlefield

    15:41 - Missile defense systems

    21:47 - Software, data, and AI

    24:39 - Homeland defense

    27:02 - Containerization

    28:05 - Industrial capacity

    31:36 - Bringing Americans back into defense manufacturing

    34:43 - The defense budget

    39:02 - Anduril fundraising

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  • Elliott Abrams, senior fellow for Middle Eastern studies at the Council on Foreign Relations and chairman of the Vandenberg Coalition and the Tikvah Fund, joins the show to discuss Israel, Iran, and the new power dynamics in the Middle East. What new alliances have emerged since the chaos on October 7, 2023? How has the current war with Iran reshaped the region? With a storm of competing interests, fragile partnerships, and global stakes, can stability emerge, or is the Middle East heading toward an even wider conflict?

    02:10 - Israel today

    04:02- Israeli airport security

    05:58 - Netanyahu’s domestic political situation

    09:07 - Bibi’s secret visit to the UAE

    10:15 - American military aircrafts in Israel

    12:01 - Israel-UAE relationship

    15:57- October 7th Middle East aftermath

    17:17 - Erosion of Iranian proxies

    19:20 - Israeli-Saudi relationship

    20:27 - Egypt’s global decline

    22:24 - Turkey’s role

    29:09 - Israel-Lebanon relationship

    28:30 - Hezbollah factor

    32:25 - How to handle Hamas

    36:31 - Iran and the future of the Strait of Hormuz

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  • Sam Brownback, former Kansas senator and governor, co-chair of the International Religious Freedom Summit, and author of China’s War on Faith, joins School of War to discuss the Chinese Communist Party’s persecution of religious minorities and how its domestic oppression shapes America’s broader strategic posture toward China. How is Beijing using the digital revolution as a tool of political control? Should freedom of religion be treated as a central front in the U.S.-China rivalry? With President Trump currently in China for a summit with President Xi Jinping, the world is watching a clash that extends beyond economics and military power into a conflict over faith, freedom, and the moral future of humanity.

    Times:

    03:25 - Trump’s China summit

    05:25 - Clash of civilizations

    06:18 - History of Christianity in China

    08:41 - Governor’s transformative past

    11:07- Systems of communism

    15:53 - Chinese surveillance technology

    17:22 - Peter Xu history

    19:40 - Dangers of the CCP

    20:53 - Treatment of religious minorities

    26:12 - Technologies for oppression

    29:00 - Trump’s handling of disentanglement

    32:25 - American religious freedom

    35:20 - The Falun Gong

    37:46 - Confrontation vs. accommodation 

    42:59 - Story of Wang Chun Yan

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  • Dan Blumenthal, senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, joins the show to discuss the president’s upcoming summit in Beijing with President Xi Jinping. What are President Trump’s goals? How will war with Iran affect the meeting? And what do these discussions mean for the future of conflict in the Indo-Pacific?

    02:12 Trump’s summit with Xi Jinping

    03:38 Trump’s goals at summit

    04:48 China’s leverage over Iran

    05:57 China’s principal interest in the Middle East

    08:14 U.S. sanctions on Iran and China

    10:22 China’s diversified energy imports

    13:05 American-Chinese competition

    15:34 Defense industrial base issues

    16:03 AI factor

    16:34 China’s industrial leverage

    19:05 Economic showdown

    24:43 The Taiwan issue

    26:22 Global conflict lessons for Taiwan

    28:46 Division of Taiwanese politics

    31:46 Stakes for the future

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  • Nicholas Eberstadt, the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute, joins School of War to discuss global population decline. What does a shrinking and aging population mean for the United States? What does it mean for China, whose demographic crisis may be even more severe? How could population decline reshape economic growth, military power, and geopolitical competition? And what happens to the international order when the world stops growing?



    03:02 Population decline in America

    006:15 Deaths exceeding births in the US

    07:31 Global birth crash

    14:49 Grounds for optimism

    17:12 Small family trend

    18:17 GDP relationship with population size

    19:23  Individual prosperity vs. National strength

    21:24 Rise in human life expectancy

    24:36  Ben Carson’s prediction

    27:11 Ukraine’s military revolution 

    30:47  American bad habits

    33:48 AI and the labor market

    37:25 Chinese depopulation crisis

    48:50  What would a world war look like today?

    51:48 US Alliance relationships

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  • Rich Goldberg, senior adviser at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, and Garrett Exner, adjunct fellow at Hudson Institute, return to School of War to discuss the complicated news out of the Strait of Hormuz. What is President Donald Trump’s new plan, “Project Freedom”? Does it put the ceasefire at risk? What’s really happening in this critical waterway?

    Times:

    02:31 - President’s statement

    04:00 - Understanding Project Freedom

    07:15 - Attacks against tankers

    09:53 - Central Command statement

    12:15 - Ceasefire breakdown

    16:25 - Coordination cell or escort

    18:00 - Trump buying time

    20:40 - US Navy escort option

    23:06 - Missile defense

    24:45 - Economic impacts

    27:01 - Iran under pressure

    31:50 - Live news US vessel transit

    34:15 - Human factor of outbound transit

    37:30 - American gas production

    39:28 - Predictions in America’s favor

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  • Lance R. Blyth, command historian of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), joins School of War to discuss the evolution of North America’s air defense. How has NORAD adapted to shifting threats over the decades? Are today’s threats manageable? Are we in a new Cold War? And what can the command, with operations deep inside a Colorado mountain, teach us about defending the continent in an era of renewed great-power competition?

    Times:

    02:04 History of NORAD

    07:02 Threats of the 1950s

    13:50 Sensors, effectors, and connectors

    15:15 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE)

    19:45 SABRE travel system

    21:14 Aerospace missile warning systems

    22:07 Cheyenne Mountain Complex

    24:13 NORAD in films

    27:56 False missile launches

    31:31 Adapting to new threats

    34:23 New joint surveillance system

    35:19 Importance of Canada

    36:21 September 11

    40:21 Operation Noble Eagle

    43:00 Today’s threats

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