Avsnitt
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We ain't lion. Lion prides are some of the most unique social structures among terrestrial mammals. Listen to Emily show Clara the wonderful world of Africa's most iconic animal, the purpose of manes, and some female lions whose new look shocked scientists.
Palmer, Meredith S., Natalia Borrego, and Craig Packer. (2023) "Social Strategies of the African Lion." Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators: Hunting and Surviving as Families. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 7-45.
West, P. M., and Packer, C. (2002). Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion’s mane. Science 297, 1339–1343.
University of Minnesota (2024). Social Behaviour, Lion Research Center.
Emily P. Mitchell, Adrian Tordiffe, Peter Caldwell, A case for ovarian transdifferentiation in six adult captive masculinized lionesses (Panthera leo) in South Africa: Pathological evidence, Theriogenology Wild, Volume 1, 2022, 100012, ISSN 2773-093X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2022.100012
Blanchard, D. Caroline. "Of lion manes and human beards: some unusual effects of the interaction between aggression and sociality." Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 3 (2010): 945.
Sogbohossou, E. A., Bauer, H., Loveridge, A., Funston, P. J., De Snoo, G. R., Sinsin, B., & De Iongh, H. H. (2014). Social structure of lions (Panthera leo) is affected by management in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, Benin. PLoS One, 9(1), e84674.
Gilfillan, G. D., McNutt, J. W., Vitale, J. D. T., Iongh, H. H., & Golabek, K. (2017). Rare observation of the existence and masculine behaviour of maned lionesses in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology, 55(3), 383–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12360
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In today's episode, we will look at the story of Alexandra Morton, a whale researcher whose career took an unexpected turn when the whales all left. Join Clara and Emily on a journey up to British Columbia and learn about what might be causing the collapse of the wild salmon stocks. We explore the life story of a woman who persevered and made tremendous strides in research.
References:
Bartlett, S. (Host). (2022-Present). The Salmon People [Audio or Video podcast]. Canada's National Observer. The Salmon People podcast | Canada's National Observer: Climate News
Morton, A. (2021). Not on my watch: How a renegade whale biologist took on governments and industry to save wild salmon. Random House Canada.
Celebrity Wiki. (2020). Alexandra Morton. CelebsAgeWiki. Alexandra Morton Biography, Age, Height, Husband, Net Worth, Family (celebsagewiki.com)
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). (2018, October 26). Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle. Government of Canada. Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle (dfo-mpo.gc.ca)
Pacific Salmon Foundation (2024). Species & lifecycle. Species & Lifecycle | Pacific Salmon Foundation (psf.ca)
PacificWild (2024). Pacific salmon species spotlight. Pacific Salmon Species Spotlight - Pacific Wild
Dean, C. (2008, November 3). Saving wild salmon, in hopes of saving the orca. The New York Times. Saving Wild Salmon, in Hopes of Saving the Orca - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
Morton, A., Routledge, R., Peet, C., & Ladwig, A. (2004). Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61 (2), 147-157.
Kibenge, M.J.T., Wang, Y., Gayeski, N., Morton, A., Beardslee, K., McMillan, B., & Kibenge, F. S. B. (2019). Piscine orthoreovirus sequences in escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in Washington and British Columbia. Virology Journal, 16(41). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1148-2
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Saknas det avsnitt?
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Emily is talking about whales again. Listen in to learn about one of the most endangered species on earth, what is being done, and some controversies surrounding it. The North Atlantic Right Whale is a struggling species, this episode dives into the reasons for their status, and the most recent information on this year's calves.
Endangered North Atlantic right whale injured by Canadian tracking tag, scientists say: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/north-atlantic-right-whale-injured-by-canadian-tag-1.7006911
NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/north-atlantic-right-whale
NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale Updates: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/north-atlantic-right-whale-updates#:~:text=On%20April%209%2C%202024%2C%20a,Cod%20Bay%20in%20March%202024.
Action Plan: https://wildlife-species.az.ec.gc.ca/species-risk-registry/virtual_sara/files//plans/Ap-Bnan-Narw-v01-2021Mar-Eng.pdf
Population comparison of right whale body condition reveals poor state of the North Atlantic right whale: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v640/p1-16/
Fishermen allowed to fish close to shore in Gulf of St. Lawrence after right whale sighting: https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/fishermen-allowed-to-fish-close-to-shore-in-gulf-of-st-lawrence-after-right-whale-sighting-1.6897724
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Let us close this ever-important month off with a spotlight on black conservationists that inspire us. This episode gives a short history of black people's place in North American and African conservation and hopes to give recognition to some incredible people who are helping change the world.
Black Myths Podcast
PBS podcasts
Meet the Black Mambas, South Africa’s all-female anti-poaching unit: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2021/03/meet-the-black-mambas-south-africas-all-female-anti-poaching-unit
Black Mambas Anti-Poaching Unit: https://www.helpingrhinos.org/black-mambas/
Painted Dog Conservation: https://www.tusk.org/projects/painted-dog-conservation/
Conservation and wildlife: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199846733/obo-9780199846733-0022.xml
Conserving while black: https://www.fws.gov/story/conserving-while-black-breaking-down-barriers-conservation-community
Brown Girl Outdoor World: https://browngirloutdoorworld.com/partners-2/
The Manatee Man: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/podcast/meet-the-manatee-man/
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In this week's episode, Emily and Clara look at some recent discoveries in the science world. Learn about topics ranging from mining waste to White Rhino IVF practices to why it seems like birds don't want you to sleep in.
Follow us on Instagram @rightupyouralgaepodcast
Email us with any recommendations @ [email protected]
Find our resources:
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00264-9#ref-CR1
https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/12/18/opinion/digging-deep-healthy-soil-farming
https://www.edenseven.co.uk/what-does-a-tonne-of-co2-look-like#:~:text=Translating%20CO2%20into%20activities&text=For%20example%2C%20one%20tonne%20of,500%20litres%20of%20Diesel%20consumed
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00071-2#ref-CR4
https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.14145?_ga=2.238070528.14054478.1707235110-2080811654.1707235110
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68064432
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This week Clara and Emily travel to the lush nation of Columbia! In this beautiful country you'll find ugly river dolphins, condors, manatees and... cocaine hippos? Introduced by Pablo Escobar is the Columbian hippo, the worlds largest invasive species. Listen along to learn the difficulties of castrating a hippo, a strange take on rewilding, and why you shouldn't eat hippo meat.
A Case for Hippos in Columbia: file:///C:/Users/emily/Downloads/TheCaseForHipposinColombia.pdf
Colombian Hippos and Species Management: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/12/2/29#B30-laws-12-00029
Removing Pablo Escobar’s hippos from Colombia to cost $3.5m: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/30/removing-pablo-escobars-hippos-from-colombia-to-cost-3-5m#:~:text=Scientists%20warn%20the%20hippos%20do,animals%20a%20toxic%20invasive%20species.
Pablo Escobar: Why scientists want to kill Colombia's hippos: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56011594
In Colombia, Escobar’s hippos spawn another problem: Wildlife trafficking: https://news.mongabay.com/2022/02/in-colombia-escobars-hippos-spawn-another-problem-wildlife-trafficking/
Animalista, Narco-Cultural, Conservacionista. Visions of Nature Around the Case of Hippos in Colombia: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12304-023-09541-y
Pablo Escobar's "cocaine hippos" won't stop multiplying. Colombia wants to move dozens of them out of the country: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pablo-escobar-cocaine-hippos-colombia-wants-to-transfer-dozens-populaion-control/
Pablo Escobar's feral hippos face cull in Colombia: https://www.bbc.com/news/67306304
Rapid population growth and high management costs have created a narrow window for control of introduced hippos in Colombia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106455/
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Clara and Emily are taking root this year on new and interesting topics. Your favourite podcasters are back and here to share the wonders of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), their fascinating punishment-reward relationship with plants, and how the agricultural industry can benefit from these fungi.
Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant-fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hyphopodium-adhesion-to-the-root-epidermis-in-arbuscular-mycorrhizas-A-top-view-of-the_fig2_47545096 [accessed 13 Jan, 2024]
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1987
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02904#:~:text=For%20hyphal%20length%20in%20soil,strain%20with%200.8%20%CE%BCm2.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227672792_Brundrett_M_C_-_Coevolution_of_roots_and_mycorrhizas_of_land_plants_New_Phytologist?enrichId=rgreq-cb7693a731a3aa68d3bf2396eafc2e93-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyNzY3Mjc5MjtBUzo1NTQyNjM4NzgwOTQ4NDhAMTUwOTE1ODIxNDU4MQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00344-014-9414-4
Shalaby AM and Hanna MM (1998). Preliminary studies on interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas syringae in soybean plants. Acta Microbiol Pol 47:385 – 391.
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The November 2023 edition of Biosphere Bulletin! Your trusty hosts discuss carbon neutrality, an elephant mystery being solved, and so much more in this week's episode of Right up your Algae. To let us know your thoughts or to suggest an episode topic email [email protected]
A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception. 10.1073/pnas.2310347120
Evolution of taste: Early sharks were able to perceive bitter substances: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231113155215.htm
Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays: https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.2216891120
B.C., Ottawa, First Nations announce conservation agreement: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/nature-agreement-bc-ottawa-1-billion-conservation-1.7017562
One solution to the plastic crisis may lie in bugs' bellies: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/11/17/plastic-eating-bugs-recycling-pollution/
Africa’s first carbon-removal plant stokes questions about responsible climate solutions: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/africas-first-carbon-removal-plant-stokes-questions-responsible-climat-rcna117590
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Radiation, and freezing, and drought oh my! Tardigrades are resistant to all this and more. Emily shows Clara the weird and wacky side of scientific studies including one that shot tardigrades out of a gun. To learn about the only animal that can (BEAR-ly) survive in space, make sure to listen to this week's episode of right up your algae.
Tardigrades as a potential model organism in space research: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2006.0088
New species of water bear uses fluorescent “shield” to survive lethal UV radiation:
https://www.science.org/content/article/new-species-water-bear-uses-fluorescent-shield-survive-lethal-uv-radiation
University of Florida Entomology and Nematology
https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/tardigrade.html
Tardigrade Survival Limits in High-Speed Impacts—Implications for Panspermia and Collection of Samples from Plumes Emitted by Ice Worlds
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ast.2020.2405
Recovery and reproduction of an Antarctic tardigrade retrieved from a moss sample frozen for over 30 years
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011224015300134
Tardigrade survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)00805-1.pdf
Survival in extreme environments – on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02252.x?casa_token=2d-MxR8xW0oAAAAA%3A-plyMfNz54ueBgpYNyu5CskClFbYk5RsSKht-Fzhx0a-w91sbiGTbU9NdJW68ib2MWwbsY8dmw_AmBsr
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Clara tells Emily what the heck Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are, goes into some of the uses of the gene editing technique, and discusses some of the controversy surrounding CRISPR worldwide.
Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6342697/
https://www.synthego.com/blog/gene-editing-nobel-prize#charpentier-and-doudna-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-for-developing-crispr-technology
https://www.jax.org/personalized-medicine/precision-medicine-and-you/what-is-crispr
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/
https://www.synthego.com/blog/crispr-applications
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1258096
https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism#:~:text=Eugenicists%20worldwide%20believed%20that%20they,by%20them%20to%20be%20unfit.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182114/#:~:text=Accordingly%2C%20it%20is%20important%20to,target%20sites%20(Han%20et%20al.
https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-021-01487-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073294/#:~:text=Since%20the%20first%20use%20of,%2C%20quality%2C%20and%20stress%20resistance.
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Emily takes Clara on a trip down memory lane to her first job in the field of biology... chopping up deer. In this week's episode, we learn the relationship between a meningeal nematode, moose, deer, and gastropods in mainland Nova Scotia. Trigger Warning for some discussion of dissections.LOW-DOSE MENINGEAL WORM (PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS) INFECTIONS IN MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) : https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/38/4/789/122782/LOW-DOSE-MENINGEAL-WORM-PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUISThe ecological relationships of meningeal worm and north American cervids: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/8/4/304/126681/THE-ECOLOGICAL-RELATIONSHIPS-OF-MENINGEAL-WORM-ANDUNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF MENINGEAL WORM, PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS, ON MOOSE POPULATIONS: https://shorturl.at/wAKU1Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in New Brunswick: The Parasite in Terrestrial Gastropods: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/22/4/582/119580/Parelaphostrongylus-tenuis-in-New-Brunswick-ThePneumostrongylus tenuis in Deer in Minnesota and Implications for Moose: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3798320?casa_token=eT7dPrmjEmoAAAAA%3AG8VWzU0eh3CvsbgAFsVGUg2Z1pXoYwcR4sfW0_QBf_OYBAtiQt0UZq_P0I1_qs0yfHi9vDzEyfjcoYQ379sxampO7IGjo5OBfN8eiu5Gzba8DKQVB8vjGw&seq=1Nova Scotia Department of resources and renewables: https://novascotia.ca/natr/wildlife/sustainable/mmoosefaq.aspContinuing environmental change: an example from Nova scotia: https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/cfn/index.php/cfn/article/view/880/881Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (FRYADKO AND BOEV) IN THE MOOSE AND WHITE-TAILED DEER OF NOVA SCOTIA : https://scholar.acadiau.ca/islandora/object/theses:3327/datastream/PDF/file.pdfUNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF MENINGEAL WORM, PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS, ON MOOSE POPULATIONS: https://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/59Parasites of Caribou: https://www.gov.nl.ca/ffa/files/agrifoods-animals-health-pdf-ds-08-007.pdfBiology and diseases of ruminants: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/parelaphostrongylus-tenuis
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In this week's episode Emily and Clara look at some exciting new articles from the science world. The topics are wide ranging from microplastics in clouds to conservation techniques of the Hawaii honeycreepers. We hope you learn something new that's right up your algae!
Follow our instagram @rightupyouralgaepodcast and email us at [email protected]Sources:
Drugs give biology’s favourite worm the munchies too: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01376-4Arizona Javelin: https://azstateparks.com/javelinaAirborne hydrophilic microplastics in cloud water at high altitudes and their role in cloud formation: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01626-x#Fig2This Shocking Golf course damage went viral; but there’s more to the story: https://golf.com/lifestyle/golf-course-damage-that-drew-30-million-views/How our method compares: https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/learn/how-our-method-compares#:~:text=Incompatible%20Insect%20Technique%20(IIT)&text=In%20this%20approach%2C%20mosquitoes%20are,her%20eggs%20do%20not%20hatch.Millions of Mosquitoes Will Rain Down on Hawaii to Save an Iconic Bird: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/millions-of-mosquitoes-will-rain-down-on-hawaii-to-save-an-iconic-bird/Why Do Mosquitoes Exist? Why Do Elephants and Donkeys Represent the G.O.P. and the Democrats? And More Questions From Our Readers: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/mosquitos-exist-elephants-donkeys-used-represent-gop-democrats-180973517/#:~:text=While%20they%20can%20seem%20pointless,some%20species%20are%20important%20pollinators.Feds pump $12.5M into environmental literacy: https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/10/10/news/feds-pump-125m-environmental-literacyExploration reveals lost Pacific 'microbat' colony: https://www.conservation.org/blog/exploration-reveals-lost-pacific-microbat-colonyWHITE-NOSE SYNDROME IMPACTING BATS IN CANADA: http://www.cwhc-rcsf.ca/docs/CWHC_WNS_Pamphlet.pdf -
Join Clara and Emily as they learn about the windshield phenomenon, the importance of insects, and the evidence behind their population decline. Make sure to rate and review if you enjoy this episode.
Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322922/The insect apocalypse, and why it matters: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(19)30796-1.pdf
Insects as drivers of ecosystem processes: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214574514000339?casa_token=g_ChGhmkwJwAAAAA:f0hNJyraSzr7kbAqETl7qv-_WKq4T2CR4pfh5tt0YSo2okC6W6NEzA5VWWBFycAAWGItX4en8meJ
Less Harmful Pesticides: https://extension.psu.edu/less-harmful-pesticides
Earthworm Invaders: https://ecosystemsontheedge.org/earthworm-invaders/A
Study on the Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure among Farmers: https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200031462790077.page
Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-008-9320-4#Sec2
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In this episode Clara looks at peatlands and why they are important. Then she moves onto talking about current research regarding peatlands (especially bogs and fens). Resources: https://peatlands.org/peatlands/https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-assessment-reveals-huge-potential-peatlands-climate-solutionhttps://www.climateneutralgroup.com/en/news/five-future-scenarios-ar6-ipcc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004845https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12479-0#Sec4Mummified Bodies:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/five-fascinating-ice-age-finds-discovered-in-yukon-permafrost-180979521/https://www.bordnamonalivinghistory.ie/article-detail/archaeological-finds-in-the-peatlands-of-ireland/https://www.iflscience.com/bog-bodies-were-overwhelmingly-killed-by-violence-analysis-of-1000-bodies-finds-68080Seed Bank and KC Irving Centerhttps://kcirvingcentre.acadiau.ca/research/seed-and-tissue-bank-programs/https://www.facebook.com/ECSmithHerbarium/Ducks Unlimited:https://www.ducks.ca/
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In this week's episode of Right Up Your Algae, Clara and Emily discuss how different Orcas can be pod to pod. From communication differences and hunting tactics to in-depth social relations and sense of self, some scientists argue orcas may have cultures. But what do you think? Emily also dives into the ethics of captivity and gets sentimental about the special place orcas have in her heart. Sources:
Social structure of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in a variable low-latitude environment, the Galápagos Archipelago: http://surl.li/lyfir
The Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Vocal Tradition: Acoustic Communication and its Role in the Orca Family Unit: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cnso_stucap/133/
Apparent death of 47-year-old orca matriarch could have serious effects on pod, scientists fear: http://surl.li/lyfjc
National Wildlife Federation; Orca: http://surl.li/lyfjg
Cetacean Societies: http://surl.li/lyfjm
Shark-eating offshore killer whales are the 'mystery animals' of B.C. waters: http://surl.li/lyfjq
Orcas: http://surl.li/lyfjt
Antarctic Peninsula killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunt seals and a penguin on floating ice: http://surl.li/lyfjx
Cooperative hunting behavior, prey selectivity and prey handling by pack ice killer whales (Orcinus orca), type B, in Antarctic Peninsula waters: http://surl.li/lyfka
Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) of Patagonia, and Their Behavior of Intentional Stranding While Hunting Nearshore: http://surl.li/lyfkh
All is Whale That Ends Whale? The Deficiencies in National Protection for Orca Whales in Captivity: http://surl.li/lyfkm
Kiska, 'the loneliest whale in the world,' dies at Canada amusement park: http://surl.li/lyfkp
Animal Welfare Institute: http://surl.li/lyfkr
The harmful effects of captivity and chronic stress on the well-being of orcas (Orcinus orca): http://surl.li/lyfku
Lonely Bay of Fundy orca may help researchers understand species' behaviour: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/old-thom-orca-dolphin-research-1.6925351
Killer whales (Orcinus orca L.) and saithe (Pollachius virens L.) trap herring (Clupea harengus L.) in shallow water by taking advantage of steep bottom topography: http://surl.li/lyfld
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In this episode we describe the properties, taxonomy, and interesting evolutionary facts about algae. Then we look at how algae is being used in industry to restore and decreased pollutants from entering our waterways. Contact us at our email: [email protected] We do not currently have our website set up but we will link it in the following episodes. See a few sources that were used in this episode: https://www.princeton.edu/news/2016/11/02/when-corals-met-algae-symbiotic-relationship-crucial-reef-survival-dates-triassichttps://plantlet.org/the-classification-of-algae-comparing-three-schools-of-thought-fritsch-bold-wynne-lee/#:~:text=Prokaryotic%20algae%20(Cyanophyta),endoplasmic%20reticulum%20(Euglenophyta%20and%20Dinophyta) https://www.quantamagazine.org/billion-year-old-algae-and-newer-genes-hint-at-land-plants-origin-20200326/Scientific papers: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2000735https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479717310526?via%3Dihubhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1122-9https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852422003728?via%3Dihubhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522020586?via%3DihubAlgal research: https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/nrc-facilities/marine-research-stationInformation about cyanobacteria:https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environment/recreational-water/cyanobacteria-toxins.htmlLastly, the information about the 94 calls to action. We also want to recognize that National Truth and Reconciliation Day is not just one day a year. Everyday we must think about whose lands we are on and at what cost we live on these lands. Please take time to read this document and appreciate what it is the Indigenous Peoples of Canada are asking for. https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.801236/publication.html
