Avsnitt
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In Episode 17 of the Rabbit Hole of Research, hosts Joe and Nick, along with special guest Michael Lynn, digging into the intriguing topics of telepathy and telekinesis. They explore the origins of these concepts in fiction, their portrayal in popular culture, and discuss the lack of scientific evidence supporting their existence in the real world. The episode also touches on government-funded research projects, genetic studies, and speculative future technologies. Amidst the discussions, the hosts and guest share favorite fictional examples and ponder on the potential implications of these mythical abilities.
Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/2nnmKgguFV
Guest: Michael Lynn follow him on his YouTube CHANNEL: ROTOFORGE
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Artwork by Georgia Geis @atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-episode-17-brainwaves?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Welcome to the Footnotes of the B-sides! In this 16.1 b-side episode, Joe and Nick discuss their recent movie and TV show viewings including the new Alien movie, 'Parasite' and 'Umbrella Academy Season 4'. They also revisit their 'Ultimate Alien Actor' debate, discussing contenders like Jeff Goldblum, Sigourney Weaver, and Will Smith. They dig into concepts of panspermia, alien invasions in popular culture from 'Starship Troopers' to 'Invasion of the Body Snatchers' and 'Thundercats'. The episode ends with a tease for the next episode, urging fans to send in comments and questions.
Don’t forget to Rate the show!
Join us on Discord (https://discord.gg/KUjyK2hD)
And you know, a RHR episode wouldn’t be complete without show notes (footnotes): that’s right, like the main event, the mini episode, also has show notes. Curated with time stamps, you’ll find exposition and links to help you explore topics on your own. Have fun!
Episode 16.1-the b-side footnotes
And if you didn’t listen to Episode 16 check it out here:
Episode 16: Exploring Alien Invasions: Movies, Theories, and is Jeff Goldblum the Ultimate Alien Actor
artwork by Georgia Geis @atomicnumber14
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Saknas det avsnitt?
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 16, Nick and Joe talk about Alien Invasion. Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
Back in the basement studio, Joe and Nick return, with beer in hand, to discuss a variety of topics centered around alien invasions in movies, literature, and pop culture. They share insights and personal favorites including 'Independence Day,' 'The Thing,' 'Mars Attacks,' and 'Cloverfield,' while also speculating on the Fermi Paradox, galactic policing, bioforming, and the potential implications of real-life alien encounters. They debate Jeff Goldblum's versus Will Smith's contributions to alien movies and who should receive the Ultimate Alien Person Award. Joe and Nick present a fun and informative discussion while enjoying their drinks, making geeky science relatable and entertaining.
We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geisatomic_number14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-episode-16-exploring?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Welcome to Episode 15 the B-side! In this companion episode to Episode 15, Joe, Nick and Georgia dive into fan comments, topics such as Owen Wilson's 'Wow,' West Nile virus, and the updated WHO list of potential future pandemic pathogens. They also speculate on military bases as potential safe havens during a zombie apocalypse and mention various entertainment preferences, like the 'Fallout' series, 'Lady in the Lake,' and comic books. The episode ends with a light-hearted wrap-up, urging fans to send in comments and questions.
As always, feel free to comment, and we will address your questions and comments in future shows! Enjoy.
And you know, a RHR episode wouldn’t be complete without show notes (footnotes): that’s right, like the main event, the mini episode, also has show notes. Curated with time stamps, you’ll find exposition and links to help you explore topics on your own. Have fun!
Episode 15.1-the b-side footnotes
And if you didn’t listen to Episode 15 check it out here:
Episode 15: Our Favorite Apocalypses: Zombies, Viruses, Meteors, oh my or Apocalypse Wow!
Don’t forget to Rate the show!
artwork by Georgia Geis @atomicnumber14
You can always email (I do answer back), click the comment link below, or follow me online for real time tracking.
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 15, Nick, Georgia, and Joe talk about their favorite apocalyptic scenarios. Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
In this episode of 'Rabbit Hole of Research,' the crew gathers in the basement “bunker” studio to delve into their favorite apocalyptic scenarios. Hosts Joe, Nick, and Georgia debate various types of apocalypses, from zombies and vampires to nuclear wars and natural disasters, discussing the plausibility, impact and survivability of each. They also reflect on how close humanity currently is to doomsday, citing the Doomsday Clock and historical events. Throughout the conversation, they share their personal favorite media representations of apocalyptic events, including movies, books, and TV shows, while lightening the mood with humor and some interesting tangents. Whether it’s zombies, nuclear fallout, or an alien invasion, they explore both the entertaining and terrifying aspects of apocalyptic scenarios.
Join us on Discord (https://discord.gg/KUjyK2hD)
We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geis atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-episode-15-our-favorite?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Welcome to the Footnotes, B-sides, or mini-episode! We don’t know what to call these episodes, so suggestions are welcome. Whatever we decide, we will be doing these short 10-15 minute episodes to recap and clarify things we talked about in the main episode the week before. Also, we will share other cool stuff we are watching and reading. As always there are time stamped show notes with links and extras below.
This companion episode to Episode 14 revisits key topics and clarifies points about regeneration discussed earlier. Hosts Nick and Joe talk about their recent experience watching Deadpool and Wolverine and give a thumbs-up review of the film. They delve into plant and animal regeneration, touching on the role of bioelectricity and pluripotent cells, as well as discussing Groot’s regrowth and the concept of coppicing in trees. The episode also covers regeneration in planarian and human implications, while humorously recapping movie highlights and mentioning future episode topics like the multiverse and time travel. Join Nick and Joe as they explore science with a lively and informative twist. As always, feel free to comment, and we will address your questions and comments in future shows! Enjoy.
Don’t forget to Rate the show!
artwork by Georgia Geis @atomicnumber14
And if you didn’t listen to Episode 14 check it out here:
Episode 14: Exploring Regeneration from Wolverine and Deadpool to Actual Factual Science
And you know, a RHR episode wouldn’t be complete without show notes: that’s right, like the main event, the mini episode, also has show notes. organized with time stamps, you’ll find extra exposition and links to help you explore topics on your own. Have fun!
The Show Notes: Episode 14.1 the b-side—clarifications and more Regeneration Insights
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Leave a comment!
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 14, Nick and Joe talk about Regeneration, just in time for the release of the new Wolverine and Deadpool movie (July 26th 2024). Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
In episode 14 of 'The Rabbit Hole of Research' podcast, hosts Joe and Nick dive into the fascinating topic of regeneration. They discuss the biological processes of regeneration in various species, such as salamanders, starfish, and axolotls, highlighting the complex cellular mechanisms involved. The episode also ties in pop culture references, including the regenerative abilities of Marvel characters like Wolverine and Deadpool, and characters from 'Fifth Element' and 'Attack on Titan'. They also consider the caloric demands of rapid regeneration and what this might imply for fictional characters. Additionally, they explore the potential for human applications, touching upon 3D bioprinting technologies and bioelectronics. The hosts present a fun and informative discussion while enjoying their drinks, making geeky science relatable and entertaining.
Artwork by Georgia Geis atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-episode-14-exploring?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 13. Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
In this episode, Joe and Nick are joined by Dr. David Pincus from the University of Chicago to delve into the fascinating and alarming world of climate change and thawing permafrost. They discuss the potential dangers of melting permafrost, including the revival of ancient viruses and bacteria. The conversation meanders through topics like the revival of woolly mammoths, geoengineering solutions like solar shades, and how meteorite impacts could lead to abrupt climate changes. They also touch on various forms of media, including the science behind movies like ‘Twister,’ 'The Day After Tomorrow,' 'Frozen II,' and even a nod to 'Sharknado.' The trio share their drinks of choice while exploring the intersection of science and pop culture, making for an engaging and somewhat humorous discussion on a critical global issue.
We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geis atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-episode-13-blockbusters?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 12. Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
In this episode we delve into the fascinating world of eye-related superpowers, from movies and comics to real scientific discoveries. We explore Cyclops' optic blasts, Superman's heat vision, the complexities of x-ray vision, and other vision-based powers such as Hawkeye's supervision. Along the way, we talk about intriguing scientific advancements like laser-producing cells and the potential of eye transplants. Join us for an engaging conversation filled with pop culture references, scientific insights, and a touch of handwavium.
We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geis @atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the (timestamped) expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-f57?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 11. Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind Cloning We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geis
atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-0b5?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
What are we Drinking
Nick and Joe are Beer Twinsies this episode: Disco GrandPa: Crushed by Giants Brewing Company
Jordan’s Info
Check out Jordan’s music on Spotify Channel
Go see Jordan Playing Live at the St. John’s Farmer’s Market.
Location: St. John (Community Hospital OutpatientCenter) at 9660 Wicker Ave., St John, IN
When: June 30, July 28, August 25, Sept 29, October 27
(Mention the Pod and get a tomato! Only three available.😊)
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 10!!! We made it to double digits! This was a Fan picked topic! Thank you for tuning in and supporting us. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind Time Travel. We hope you enjoy. Tell a friend! Don’t forget to give us 5 stars or a like!
Artwork by Georgia Geis atomic_number14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-d70?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
What are we drinking?
Nick and Joe shared a Leche Borracho: Bottle Logic Brewing
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Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 9 and we want to thank you for tuning in. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind Sleep. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend! Don’t forget to rate and review!
Artwork by Georgia Geis: @atomic_number14
To see how deep the Rabbit Hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-930?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
Say hello and let us know:
Do you take naps?
Can you lucid dream?
Do you have a favorite Sleep or Dream inspired movie or novel?
What are we drinking in this episode:
Joe- Insufficient Clearance — Sketchbook brewery
Nick- Matcha Martian — Bean Me Up Roastery
Georgia — Watermelon White Claw
You can always email (I do answer back), or follow me online for real time tracking.
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Episode 8: Nick, Evan and Joe talk about Teleportation, the fastest way to travel between points A and B! So don't forget to pack the Handwavium.
Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 8 (Teleportation) and we want to thank you for tuning in. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind Teleportation. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend! Don’t forget to rate and review!
Artwork by
Georgia Geis
atomic_number14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-282?r=dalfc&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
Say hello and let us know:
Favorite movie, show or book that uses teleportation?
Is Jumper a good movie?
Are you a cat person or a dog person (or you like both or don’t care for either)?
You can always email (We do answer back), click the comment link below, or follow me online for real time tracking.
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Episode7: Through the fog, I can see the light!
Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 7 (Lighthouses) and we want to thank you for tuning in. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture.
In this episode, Joe, Nick and Georgia talk about the science of Lighthouses, Statue of Liberty, Day of the Triffids, Annihilation, Shutter Island, Fresnel, and other facts that will make you an expert pharologist. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend!
Don’t forget to rate and review!
Artwork by @atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-episode 7
Say hello and let us know:
Favorite Movie that Features a Lighthouse?
Did you know what a Pharologist was before listening to the episode?
What we drinking?
Joe: Spiritless Old Fashioned
Nick: Full Pocket Pilsner: Goose Island
Georgia: Water
**Spoiler alert: I talk about The Day of the Triffids (1963) in this episode.
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Episode 6: Everything You Wanted to Know About Zombies
Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 6 (Zombies!!) and we want to thank you for tuning in. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind Zombies. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend!
Don’t forget to rate and review!Artwork by @atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://open.substack.com/pub/jothamaustin/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-21d
Say hello and let us know:
Are you on team Fast Zombies or Team Slow Zombies?
What’s your favorite Zombie movie or book?
How long would you make it after the Zombie Apocalypse starts?
What we drinking?
Joe: Bake and Break DIPA: Trillum Brewing company and Brockton Brewing Company
Nick: Calm Before the Storm: J. Wakefield Brewing
**Around 27 mins Nick tries to become a zombie by swallowing the yeast plug in the bottom of his beer!
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Episode 5: All about Mutants.
Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode 5 and we want to thank you for tuning in. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy, and pop culture. In this episode, we explore the science behind our favorite mutants. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend!
Artwork by @atomicnumber14 https://www.instagram.com/atomic_number14/
To see how deep the rabbit hole goes, check out the expanded show notes.
https://jothamaustin.substack.com/p/the-show-notes-rabbit-hole-of-research-473
Say hello and let us know:
Who your favorite mutant is?
Favorite Cereal/food to eat while watching cartoons?
Excited about X-men 97?
What are we drinking in this Episode:
Joe and Nick: Insufficient Clarence: Sketchbook Brewery.
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Hello Rabbit Hole of Research Fam! Hope you're all doing well. Here is Episode Four (Nick and Joe talk about Giant Animals in movies and fiction). Before we delve too far down the Rabbit Hole, I want to thank you for tuning in. Special thanks to those who listened to the first three episodes and came back for more. And if this is your first episode, we hope you enjoy it. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy, and pop culture. In this episode, we explore the science of regular-sized animals becoming giant. We hope you enjoy it. Feel free to leave a comment, review, and tell a friend!
FYI about the audio—I did not put Nick in the corner. LOL. Nick called in, which is why it sounds like he is talking into a can.
Expanded show notes.
Let us know how we did and connect with us:
What’s your favorite animal?
What’s your favorite giant animal movie?
Favorite color?
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Episode 3:
Hello Fam! Hope y’all are doing well. So, here is Episode Three (we talk Villains with our first guest: Chris Reid), and I want to thank you for tuning in. Special thanks for the folks that listened to the first two episodes and came back for more. And if this is your first episode, we hope you enjoy. Our goal is to have a little fun exploring science through the lens of science fiction, fantasy and pop culture. This episode we explore the science behind loving a villain. We hope you enjoy. Leave a comment, review, and tell a friend!
What we are drinking:
Joe: Hazy Beer Hug IPA: Goose Island
Nick: Phantom Knight: Flutter Nutter: Wildrose Brewery
Chris: Domaine DuPage French Style Country Ale | Two Brothers
Let us know:
Favorite villain?
Worse villain ?
Any questions we didn’t cover?
What did we get wrong (Check the show notes)?
Previously on RHR:
Check out previous episodes: 1 (Gaba’s Girl) and 2 (Al take over)
Show notes:
This has no particular format (yet), just correcting or updating anything in the show we didn’t get a chance to fully talk about or things we had on the tips of our tongues and couldn’t get out as we recorded. As always feel free to comment and we will address stuff in future shows! Enjoy:
Show Art by Georgia Geis
Story grid: Thriller Genre is a mash-up of Horror, Action, and Crime
Sea of Rust: C. Robert Cargill
Terminator 2: Actor who played the scientist: Joe Morton “Dr. Miles”
Predator[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator\_(franchise)]
Superman I (1978); and Superman II (1980)
Short Story about wealthy people hunting poor people:
1924 short story "The Most Dangerous Game" by Richard Connell
“Surviving the Game” (1994) staring Ice-T[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0111323/plotsummary/]
Fritz Haber-German scientist 1908 for synthesis of ammonia (Nobel prize in chemistry 1918)—dual edge sword—also know as father of chemical warfare.
Back to Future (1985): Cultural insensitivity
What is a villain?
Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot.”
The opposite of a villain is a hero. The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposition of the hero character and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along.
In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice
People like to love villains they relate with
Research suggests that you like villains who remind us of ourselves.
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/fictional-villains-allure.html
Study published in 2020 Psychological Science, Rebecca Krause, at Northwestern University: Krause, R. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2020). Can bad be good? The attraction of a darker self. Psychological Science.
Humans hardwired to find goodness in villains
A recent study from Aarhus University found those who prefer fictional villains to heroes are more likely to be villainous themselves.
Valerie A. Umscheid, Craig E. Smith, Felix Warneken, Susan A. Gelman, Henry M. Wellman, What makes Voldemort tick? Children's and adults' reasoning about the nature of villains. Cognition,Volume 233, 2023
The results revealed that, overall, both children and adults believed that villains' true selves were 'overwhelmingly evil and much more negative than heroes'.
However, researchers also detected an asymmetry in the views, as villains were much more likely than heroes to have a true self that differed to their outer personna.
The research found that those who prefer villains such as Cruella de Vil and Darth Vader, are more likely to display the ‘dark triad' (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) personality traits.
Dark Triad:
'Narcissism describes a grandiose and entitled interpersonal style whereby one feels superior to others and craves validation ('ego-reinforcement'),' the researchers write.
'Machiavellianism describes a manipulative interpersonal style characterized by duplicity, cynicism, and selfish ambition.
'Psychopathy describes low self-control and a callous interpersonal style aimed at immediate gratification.
Thanks for spending time with us. You can always email (I do answer back), click the comment link below, or follow me online for real time tracking. Until next time…
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In this Episode Nick and Joe chat about the math of AI, what the future of AI could be, and can an AI apocalypse happen.
Episode 2: The Show Notes
This has no particular format, just correcting or updating anything in the show we didn’t get a chance to fully talk about or things we had on the tips of our tongues and couldn’t get out as we recorded. As always feel free to comment and we will address stuff in future shows! Enjoy:
What we drinking:
Joe: Riot: Revolution Brewery
Nick: Foeder Fiend Three Floyd’s
Let us know:
What do you think about AI?
Any questions we didn’t cover?
What did we get wrong (Check the show notes)?
Show notes:
Algorithms bias in medical
Chat bot on social media
AI Fashion model week
Anti-AI clothing
Artist using Anti-AI digital image protection:
UChicago scientists develop new tool protect artists
New tools help artists fight AI by directly disrupting the systems
Protection against facial recognition in digital photos
AI math
Affective Computing
Self driving cars and google search misidentify POC because of training data
Self driving car racial bias
Google racist gorillas photo recognition algorithm
New coke vs new Pepsi —
Bill Cosby upset
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In this Episode Georgia and Joe talk about Gaba’s Girl, the strange history and science of reanimation, and trying to remember the plot of 80’s movies. Have Fun!
Welcome to Episode 1 Show Notes:
This is a collection of stuff that we didn’t get to in the show or talked about in the show briefly. We try to include links when possible and connecting our research paths. Maybe in future we will have a better organization system, but for now enjoy the Rabbit Hole of Show Notes!
Let us know:
What do you think about Gaba and the history of reanimation?
Any questions we didn’t cover?
What did we get wrong (read the show note first)?
The Show Notes:
Lester Gaba:
Who is Lester Gaba
Lester the first mannequin influencer
Some Terms:
Robotsexuality-term for falling in love with robot.
Lovotics refers to the research of human-to-robot relationship. (Lando and L3-37)
Books/Movies reanimation rabbit hole:
Mannequin-Kim Cattrall
Frankenstein- 1818
Weird Science
Ex Machina
Real life reanimation experimenters :
* Luigi Galvani-1780
* First to show that electrical signals could move freshly dissected frog legs.
* During a dissection a metal look touched the muscle and the frog twitches like it would hop away. Galvani said this was caused by a special muscle viral fluid—animal electricity.
* Alessandro Volta (credited with inventing the battery and field of electrochemistry), 1782, disagreed and said any electricity could produce a similar effect. And Volta started testing this on all sorts of dead things.
* Giovanni Aldini
* Galvani was at the end of his career, so his nephew took up the charge against Volta. After the hanging of a man named George Foster (drowned his wife and kid in a canal), the body went to the lab of Giovanni.
* During a demonstration he soaped and salted the man’s ears and connected him to electrodes. As he passed a current through the man his face and mouth started to twitch.
* A reporter noted, “ On the first application of the process to the face, the jaws of the deceased criminal began to quiver, and the adjoining muscles were horribly contorted, and one eye was actually opened. In the subsequent part of the process the right hand was raised and clenched, and the legs and thighs were set in motion.”
* It was decided by the government that if George did come back to life he should be hung again.
* Andrew Ure
* Experimented on hanged convicts—up to 300
* He would draw a crowd and shock different body part to make them twitch and please the crowd. Not really answering any scientific questions.
* “Every muscle of the body was immediately agitated with convulsive movements resembling a violent shuddering from cold. . . On moving the second rod from hip to heel, the knee being previously bent, the leg was thrown out with such violence as nearly to overturn one of the assistants, who in vain tried to prevent its extension. The body was also made to perform the movements of breathing by stimulating the phrenic nerve and the diaphragm.”
* “When the supraorbital nerve was excited ‘every muscle in his countenance was simultaneously thrown into fearful action; rage, horror, despair, anguish, and ghastly smiles, united their hideous expressions in the murderer’s face, surpassing far the wildest representations of Fuseli or a Kean. At this period several of the spectators were forced to leave the apartment from terror or sickness, and one gentleman fainted.”
* Eventually things got boring and the church was threading to shut him down afraid that he was summoning devils.
* In time, he gave up the reanimation efforts, correctly concluding it was a waste of his time, and then turned his attention to more productive pursuits, such as revolutionizing the way volumes are measured and with being the first to describe a bi-metallic thermostat.
Early 1920’s Russian experiments
* Sergei Bryukhonenko was a scientist living in Russia during the Revolution who invented what he called an “autojektor,” or the heart-lung machine. These exist today, and Bryukhonenko’s design was fundamentally sound, but it’s the way he tested it that’s creepy.
* During his early experiments, Bryukhonenko decapitated a dog and immediately connected it to his machine, which drew out blood from the veins and circulated it through a filter for oxygenation. According to his paper, Bryukhonenko kept the dog’s severed head alive and responsive for over an hour and a half, before blood clots built up and killed the dog on the table.
* According to the Soviet Congress of Science, Bryukhonenko actually managed reanimating of a human in 1930.
* Given the hours-dead corpse of a man who had committed suicide, the team plugged his body up to the autojektor and pushed a witches’ brew of odd chemicals into his bloodstream.
* They opened his chest cavity, administered a mix of chemicals and got a steady rhythm. The man then started to groan and move, this freaked everyone out and they shut down the experiment letting the man did for good.
* Today: Luigi Galvani initial work is the basis for Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is the elicitation of muscle contraction using electric impulses
SHOW ADVICE:
Please don’t try to reanimate things in your living room.
OTHER STUFF
galvanism — the idea that electricity could reanimate dead tissue
in honour of his pioneering work his name was given to the unit of electrical potential, the Volt.
In 1751, England passed the Murder Act, which allowed the bodies of executed murderers to be used for experimentation and scientific study. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder\_Act\_1751
Andrew Ure was Scottish and performed his experiment on a hanged convict (Matthew Clydesdale) in 1818. After experiment did describe a device that would later be the basis for the defibrillator.
Mary Shelley was surrounded and influenced by science demonstrations (Galvani, Volta and Aldini were friends of Mary’s father), but some speculate that Mary Shelley used Ure as a model for her main character in the book, Frankenstein (1818).
Operating theater or operating room, is a facility where surgical procedures are performed . Historically, operating theaters where actually an amphitheater and a source of education and entertainment, often with “music and festive atmosphere…” https://daily.jstor.org/inside-the-operating-theater-surgery-as-spectacle/
Research on using electrodes to give amputees Restoring the sense of touch in amputees - Today's Medical Developments
More reanimating attempts not mentioned:
Another scientists in the field of reanimation i failed to mention was Robert E. Cornish, an American biologist who studied at the University of California Berkeley. Cornish who reportedly managed to revive two dogs by rocking them back and forth to move blood around while injecting the animals with a mixture of anticoagulants and steroids. When Cornish announced he was ready to perform his experiment on humans, a California death-row inmate, Thomas McMonigle, volunteered his body post-execution, but the State of California denied his request.
Zvonimir Vrseljal et al, April 2019 Nature. Revive pig brain 4-hours post-mortem
Organ X maintains life and raises questions about what it means to be dead.
Other Rabbit Holes:
And you may be wondering about cryonics (I wrote a newsletter about this Hey baby it’s cold outside. Let’s stay in and talk Cryonics!), and we still have no idea how to revive a frozen body, but research is ongoing.
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