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This special explores revolutionary movements during "the long 1960s" in Amerikkka. We trace the development of two revolutionary traditions: an anti-imperialist third worldist solidarity tradition alongside a party-building revolutionary model for achieving revolution. We examine key organizations including SNCC, RAM, the Black Panther Party, SDS, and the Weather Underground, alongside influential figures like Robert F. Williams, Muhammad Ahmad (Max Stanford), Malcolm X, and Kwame Ture.
We analyze how these organizations responded to global events like the Bandung Conference, the Cuban Revolution, and independence movements across Africa and Asia. This is the first in a series exploring revolutionary history in Amerikkka.
TIMESTAMPS
0:00: Introduction
3:20: Part 1: The late 1950s
6:05: Civil Rights Movements and its limitations (SNCC)
10:20: Robert Williams, NAACP and RAM
14:20: El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (Malcom X)
20:19: Muhammad Ahmad (Max Stanford) and Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM)
31:20: Kwame Ture and Black Power
37:42: Black Panther Party
46:51: Global 1968
1:00:15: David Gilbert
1:08:10: SDS Split
1:31:10: 1970s, Widespread repression, & COINTELPRO
1:40:33: Panther 21 Open Letter to Weather Underground.
REFERENCES/RESOURCES
Jericho MovementRevolutionary Nationalism and the Afro-American (1962)- Harold Cruse
Malcolm X: Message to the Grassroots (1963)
SNCC Statement on ‘Vietnam’ Jan. 1966
RAM’s “World Black Revolution” [1966]
Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM): A Case Study of an Urban Revolutionary
We Must Destroy the Capitalism System Which Enslaves Us - Kwame Ture in Cuba (1967)
U.S. Imperialism by David Gilbert and David Loud (1968)"You Don't Need A Weatherman To Know Which Way The Wind Blows" by RYM leadership (The Weathermen) (1969)Young Lords 13-Point Program (1970)"New Morning - Changing Weather" by the Weather Underground, 1970George Jackson: Black Revolutionary by Walter Rodney (1971)
Remembering the Real Dragon: An Interview with George Jackson (1971)
Open Letter to the Weather Underground - the New York Panther 21 (1971)On the Black Liberation Army - Jalil Muntaqim, 1979/1997A Brief History of the Black Panther Party. It’s Place in the Black Liberation Movement - Sundiata Acoli, 1995
Ignore Gore, Bush – Remember Jackson by Jonathan Farley, 2000
Revolution is Illegal: Revisiting the Panther 21 at 50 by Orisanmi Burton (2021)
BOOKS AND THESES
Movement in Western Capitalist Society. Max Stanford’s MA Thesis, May 1986. Includes Selected RAM Documents.Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution by Robin D.G. Kelley and Betsy Esch
Outlaws of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity (2006) by Dan Berger
Love and Struggle: My life in SDS, the Weather Underground, and Beyond - Davild Gilbert (2012)
Enemies of the State: An Interview with Anti-Imperialist Political Prisoners (David Gilbert, Laura Whitehorn, Marilyn Buck)
Look for Me in the Whirlwind: From the Panther 21 to 21st-Century Revolutions (2017)
Revolution in the Air: Sixties Radicals Turn to Lenin, Mao, and Che by Max Elbaum (2018)
A History of the Revolutionary Action Movement - John Jones, Thesis, 2019
Free the Land: The Republic of New Afrika and the Pursuit of a Black Nation-State by Edward Onaci (2020) (review from AAIHS editors)
Tip of the Spear: Black Radicalism, Prison Repression, and the Long Attica Revolt - Orisanmi Burton (2023)
AUDIO/VIDEO
A Look Back at the 1968 Democratic Convention and its Relevance Today - PBS (2024)- Link here. 9 min PBS video (3:15 min-onward).long interview with Kwame Ture on SNCC/Black political struggle in the 1960s, late 1980sDavid Gilbert - A Lifetime of Struggle, [1998]: link here.
Exclusive: Freed Panther Sekou Odinga on Joining the Panthers, COINTELPRO, & Assata Shakur’s Escape
Audio of Michael Cetewayo of the New York chapter of the BPP reads his essay “Capitalism Plus Dope Equals Genocide” (in Look for me in the Whirldwind.
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In this episode, we sit down with an outside agitator with Unity of Fields who was involved in the Columbian encampments and the occupation of Hinds Hall, to review the 2025 documentary, 'The Encampments' produced by Watermelon Pictures.
As more and more encampments are doing screenings of the documentary, we feel that it’s important to provide some much needed criticisms that have not been engaged from the complete erasure of the Palestinian resistance to its erasure of US-led imperialism, this is a misleading film of a subject without a predicate.
Timestamps
0:00: Excerpt of speech by Imam Jamil Al-Amin (H. Rap Brown) in front of Hamilton Hall, 1968.
3:32: intro
5:07: introducing UoF
6:45: Al-Aqsa flood, student intifada, and PalAction
10:30: Beginning of critique
15:29 timeline of columbia encampment, ‘68, and policing
23:59: Returning to film
38: Film painting an image of reality of false unity
39:40: Who was Yahya Sinwar?
42:26: Who/What is the Axis of Resistance?
45:33: Critique of the films’ universalist position rather than a partisan perspective.
50:30: Revisionist History of 1968
54:35: Occupation of Hinds Hall
References/Resources:
Audio/Videos
Excerpt of speech from Imam Jamil Al-Amin at Hamilton Hall occupation, 1968
Imam Jamil Al-Amin Mixtape from the Anti-Imperialist Archive
Red Star, "Palestine and the Axis of Resistance" with Max Ajl (Youtube Video)
Texts:
Imam Jamil Action Network
Unity of Fields website: https://unityoffields.net/
"I Want them Free" Interview with Sinwar, 2018.
Statement from students in Gaza referring to the student intifada, May 2024
Anatonomy of a Counter-Insurgency - Monthly Review (2020)
Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, "Towards a New Cinema"
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Saknas det avsnitt?
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"I suggest that the real contradiction may be that we really are not about the same thing, the same goals, and some of us are not willing to admit it. Not yet, anyway..." - Safiya Bukhari
Timestamps:
5:34: Fear in the present moment.
9:28: George Jackson, "Blood in my Eye"
12:00: J. Sakai and Don Hamerquist, "Confronting Fascism"
16:15: Tariffs and the Labor Aristokkkracy
24:15: Studying anti-colonial/anti-imperialist movements and present national organizations in Amerikkka
34:00: Critique of marches
Sources/Resources:
Workers in Palestine: https://www.workersinpalestine.org/who-arms-israel#the-usa
George Jackson, Blood in My Eye: https://files.libcom.org/files/2022-08/BloodInMyEye_text_0.pdf
Don Hamerquist and J. Sakai, "Confronting Fascism": https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/anti-racist-action-confronting-fascism
Safiya Bukhari, The War Before: https://archive.org/details/Safiya-bukhari-the-war-before-the-true-life-story-of-becoming-a-black-panther-ke/mode/2up
Casey Goonan legal fund: https://chuffed.org/project/supportcasey
Upstream Podcast interview with Calla Walsh (came out after we recorded this but with a lot of crossover in themes/discussion, highly recommended!): https://open.spotify.com/episode/34Wf8bClXaje6SM9k36obV?si=12ncRYABSEeUw3MebBs0iQ
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Timestamps
3:40: Definition and Key Concepts
11:52 - Genealogy
22:00 - Key Thinkers
48:13: WS Theorists before WST
59:14 Conclusion
References/Recommended Readings
Rather than World Systems Analysis: An Introduction, read this essay:
Immanuel Wallerstein: The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis (1974):
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FpqIxQnQwqPYtGcK1H391HV0PGAt5Mxh/view?usp=sharing
Walter Rodney - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa: https://monoskop.org/images/8/81/Rodney_Walter_How_Europe_Underdeveloped_Africa_rev_ed_1981.pdf
Eric Williams - Capitalism and Slavery: https://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/pdf/capatlism_and_slavery.pdf
Immanuel Wallerstein - The Modern World System (vol. 1): https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/495082/mod_resource/content/1/Wallerstein-Modern%20World-System%20I.pdf
Samir Amin - Unequal Development (1976): https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files3/unequal_development_by_samir_amin.pdf
Samir Amin - The Future of Maoism (1980):
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SwS6rQ_bZacf7BE3ZEl9aXC-_4qN9gkC/view?usp=sharing
Samir Amin - A Note on the Concept of Delinking: (1987) https://open.metu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11511/110904/Samir%20AM%C4%B0N%201984-1-2.pdf
Giovanni Arrighi - The Long Twentieth Century: https://dokumen.pub/the-long-twentieth-century-9781844673049.html
Andre Gunder Frank - "The Development of Underdevelopment": http://ereserve.library.utah.edu/Annual/POLS/2100/Lehman/pols2100devun.pdf
George Jackson - Blood in my Eye: https://files.libcom.org/files/2022-08/BloodInMyEye_text_0.pdf
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On this episode we do a deep dive on the labor aristocracy.
Timestamps:
The first 12:20 seconds: definitions to make this episode more accessible.12:20-18:25: On the fires in LA.18:25- On the Labor Aristocracy58:13: Common questions on the labor aristocracyResources:
The essay from FRSO that we are responding to:
Marxism-Leninism and the Theory of Settler-Colonialism in the United States, J. Sykes, December 2024
Engels to Kautsky, 1882
Lenin: “The International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, 1907
The 'Labor Aristocracy' in Context - Barbalet, 1987
Contemporary Imperialism and the Agrarian Question, Samir Amin, 2012
Exploring Working-Class Consciousness: A Critique of the Theory of the 'Labour-Aristocracy" - Charles Post, 2010
Lenin and the "Aristocracy of Labor" - Eric Hobsbawm, Monthly Review 2012
The Worker Elite - Bromma, 2014
The Proletariat of the Privileged Countries Participates in the Exploitation of the Third World - Arghiri Emmanuel, 2021
AFL-CIO's Secret War Against Developing Country Worker: Solidarity or Sabotage? - Kim Scipes (On LibGen)
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Part two with Dr. Max Ajl, (@maxajl)
In this episode we discuss the overthrow of Syria. What does this mean for the present.
Resources:
The Cradle.co
Al-Mayadeen English
Middle East Critique
Agrarian South
Journal of Labor and Society
Excellent podcasts from comrades on Syria compiled by the Good Shepherd Collective
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In our inaugural episode with a guest, we are pleased to invite Dr. Max Ajl (@maxajl) to speak about Syria. This is a two part interview. Part one is a historical materialist primer on Syria, the groundwork you need to be able to understand the present moment. Part two will be helping us understand recent developments and de-developments.
A quick note, as Max works and lives in Tunisia, he says Tunisia/Tunisian at several points when he means Syria/Syrian.
Resources:
Patrick Higgins' "Gunning for Damascus: The US War on the Syrian Arab Republic," Middle East Critique
Max Ajl, "The Political Economy of Thermidor in Syria: National and International Dimensions," from Linda Matar and Ali Kadri's Syria: From National Independence to Proxy War (209-245).
Linda Matar, "The Political Economy of Investment in Syria"
Excellent podcasts from comrades on Syria compiled by the Good Shepherd Collective
For an excellent overview of what happened at the start of the so-called Syrian Civil War, read William Van Wagenen's two part essays
Salafis Throwing Bombs: How American and British Planners Partnered with al-Qaeda Affiliated Groups at the Start of the Syrian Civil War (Dec. 28, 2021) "Creative Chaos: How U.S. Planners Sparked the Anti-Government Protests of theSo-Called Arab Spring in Syria(Jan. 31,2022) -
References:
Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang, "Decolonization is Not A Metaphor": https://clas.osu.edu/sites/clas.osu.edu/files/Tuck%20and%20Yang%202012%20Decolonization%20is%20not%20a%20metaphor.pdf
"We Remember the Attempts to be Free" Joy James on Black August and the Captive Maternal"
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/millennials-are-killing-capitalism/id1292638162?i=1000531844926
Max Ajl, "Logics of Elimination and Settler Colonialism: Decolonization or National Liberation?"
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19436149.2023.2191401?casa_token=fi5MSn12KIgAAAAA:H_l0Xv2oZteXv-lWgNzMjqU2MmJMZJyG8qJ0CyTBgN68WuBE61DOJx2uhC4p3JTSTHBnZVF19Lye
Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory:
https://archive.org/details/intheoryclassesn0000aija
Paulo Freire, Pedagogy in Process: Letters to Guinea-Bissau:
https://archive.org/details/pedagogyinproces0000frei_m5v5
Curry Malott, How Amilcar Cabral shaped Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy:
https://mronline.org/2021/09/03/how-amilcar-cabral-shaped-paulo-freires-pedagogy/
Joma Geneciran, Global Historical Materialism and Decoloniality,"
https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.62191/ROAPE-2024-0035https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.62191/ROAPE-2024-0035
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Ending music credit:
Bambu - "November to Remember": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXG3QxgXgVA
References:
MAKC - “Opening as Many Fronts as Possible” - Reflections on Palestine Action Us & the Merrimack 4 With Calla Walsh:
https://millennialsarekillingcapitalism.libsyn.com/opening-as-many-fronts-as-possible-reflections-from-palestine-action-us-the-merrimack-4-with-calla-walsh
Bayan USA - "Resist Fascism & Imperialism! Build the Mass Movement and Forge Hope through Struggle!":
https://www.bayanusa.org/blog/us-election
Aime Cesaire - Discourse on Colonialism:
https://files.libcom.org/files/zz_aime_cesaire_robin_d.g._kelley_discourse_on_colbook4me.org_.pdf
George Jackson - Blood in my Eye:
https://files.libcom.org/files/2022-08/BloodInMyEye_text_0.pdf
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Suggested Readings/Cited Sources:
Kwame Ture and Charles Hamilton - Black Power: https://mygaryislike.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/black-power-kwame-ture-and-charles-hamilton.pdf
Rod Bush - We Are Not What We Seem (Chapter 1): https://rodbush.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/we-are-not-what-we-seem-ch-1.pdf
Rod Bush - The End of World White Supremacy: https://drive.proton.me/urls/CTSPD2FQQM#xATxPdcz3V6i
Sam Klug - Making the Internal Colony dissertation: https://drive.proton.me/urls/RNAS30145R#gtMlu8c3wHFV
Will Kujala - The Dialectics of Domestication dissertation: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/37128575-cba0-4d10-8302-5f947b4c5990
The Collected Works of the Black Liberation Army, vol. I - https://rookerypress.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cwbla-ebook-mdr.pdf
Robert Allen - Black Awakening in Capitalist Amerikkka: https://www.are.na/block/11409385
Robert Allen - Reassessing the Internal (Neo) Colonialism Theory: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41069111
Robert Blauner - Racial Oppression in Amerikkka: https://enriquedussel.com/txt/Textos_200_Obras/Giro_descolonizador/Racial_oppression-Robert_Blauner.pdf
Charles Pinderhughes - Toward a New Theory of Internal Colonialism: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270140270_Toward_a_New_Theory_of_Internal_Colonialism
Manu Karuka - Empire's Tracks: https://drive.proton.me/urls/JH8QGBH418#xS1AVyvdgRhZ
Dylan Rodriguez - White Reconstruction: https://drive.proton.me/urls/QP4H5DTSC4#DaviLqXqDnwt
Jared Ball and Charles Pinderhughes debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFygMVFCFrU
Dylan Rodriguez on White Reconstruction (MAKC): https://millennialsarekillingcapitalism.libsyn.com/white-reconstruction-dylan-rodriguez-on-domestic-war-the-logics-of-genocide-and-abolition
Dylan Rodriguez on White Reconstruction (Rev Left): https://revolutionaryleftradio.libsyn.com/white-reconstruction
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For questions, clarifications, feedback, DM at:
IG/Twitter: @jdpod_cast
IG: @ka.joma
Twitter: @600cm3 @ka_joma_
Suggested Readings:
Max Ajl, "Palestine and the End of Theory": https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19436149.2024.2404338
Joma Geneciran, "Global Historical Materialism and Decoloniality": https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.62191/ROAPE-2024-0035
Mondoweiss Interview with Mousa Abu Marzouk: https://mondoweiss.net/2024/10/a-time-of-painful-birth-and-major-transformation-a-senior-hamas-leader-reflects-on-october-7-and-its-aftermath/
Within Our Lifetime, “To Them, We Are All Outside Agitators: Encampments & Escalation”: https://wolpalestine.com/encampments/
Palestine Action US, "Flood the Gates, Escalate": https://mondoweiss.net/2024/05/flood-the-gates-escalate/
Fire Ant Movement Defense, “We Don’t Need Safety: We Need to Escalate” (published by Escalate Network): https://ia600303.us.archive.org/5/items/no-safety/NoSafety.pdf
James Boggs, The American Revolution: Pages from a Negro Worker's Notebook: https://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/amreboggs.html
Boggs and Hocker, But What About the Workers?: https://drive.proton.me/urls/6V5CQVEA60#gFBL8zWjZPNb
Liberation Support Movement, Principles of LSM’s Anti-Imperialist Work: https://drive.proton.me/urls/X9K063YV9W#9HwyL7J7IaGQ
Additional References:
Insurgency & Counterinsurgency 101 with Dylan Rodríguez - MAKC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OlKVDR_WdE
https://www.removepaywall.com/search?url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/08/30/business/elbit-israel-palestinian-protests/#google_vignette
https://apnews.com/article/longshoremen-strike-ports-dockworkers-agreement-86fac07d1189e11ca4816b2cbf37affb
https://olmsapps.dol.gov/query/orgReport.do?rptId=891102&rptForm=LM2Form
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/456/212/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150526060617/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/27/nyregion/thomas-gleason-92-who-led-longshoremen-s-union-is-dead.html
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References:
May 19th Communist Organization (M19CO) Principles: https://archive.org/details/may-19th-principles-of-unity_202105 Anti-Imperialist Network (AIN) Points of Unity: https://file.io/YCLqt1VaaXzC Anti-Imperialist Network (AIN Website): https://anti-imperialist.net/ "Eating the Apple of the World" - Social Investigation and Class Analysis with Dani Manibat" on Millennials are Killing CapitalismWhile Nate and I both went through the tramautic experience that is higher education in Amerikkka, our goal is to make this information as accessible as possible. DM us on Twitter with feedback and questions at @ka_joma_ and/or @600cm3.
