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Aristotle begins by outlining various perspectives on what constitutes substance: natural substances like fire and water, mathematical objects, and the more abstract concepts of essence and substratum. He then proceeds to delve into the nature of sensible substances, arguing that they possess matter, which exists potentially, and form, which represents actuality. The excerpt highlights key concepts like the distinction between potential and actual existence, the role of differentiae in defining things, and the importance of understanding the causal relationships between matter, form, and the agent that brings about actualization.
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In Book 9 Aristotle explores concepts of potency and actuality. Aristotle argues that actuality is prior to potency and that things exist potentially when they have the capacity to become something else, and actually when they have achieved that state of being. He distinguishes between different types of potency.
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The text examines the different ways in which terms like "beginning," "cause," "element," "nature," "necessary," "one," "being," "substance," "same," "other," "different," "like," "opposite," "prior," "posterior," "potency," "quantum," "quality," "relative," "complete," "limit," "that in virtue of which," "disposition," "having," "affection," "privation," "holding," "coming from," "part," "whole," "mutilated," "race," "genus," "false," and "accident" are used.
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Aristotle’s Metaphysics Book VII focuses on the concept of substance, exploring different understandings of what it means for something to "be". The text examines various categories of being, including essence, universal, genus, and substratum, and how these relate to the concept of substance.
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Aristotle's Metaphysics, Book VI explores the nature of being and its various meanings. Aristotle argues that there are different kinds of being, including accidental being, true being (in contrast to false being), and being qua being.
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In Book 4 Aristotle revisits Being and substance. He examines the nature of unity. This episode will cover contraries, contradictions, and change.
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Aristotle examines several questions about these principles, including: whether there is one science or multiple sciences that study causes; whether these sciences should focus on the first principles of substance or on the principles underlying all proofs; whether sensible substances are the only ones that exist; and whether the first principles are genera or parts.
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Book two examines first principles and first causes.
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Welcome to our first deep dive. In this season, we will be focusing on Aristotle's Metaphysics. Each episode will cover one of the 14 books in this text. Book 1 introduces Being and the four fundamental causes.
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A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful by Edmund Burke explores the psychological and physiological basis of our perceptions of beauty and sublimity. Burke argues that beauty is associated with qualities that induce relaxation and pleasure in the senses, such as smoothness, smallness, and gradual variation. In contrast, he asserts that sublimity arises from experiences of pain, danger, and awe, often connected to ideas of power, vastness, and obscurity. Burke's work examines how these aesthetic categories are rooted in our sensory experiences and the ways in which they influence our emotional responses.
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Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty is a significant work in the phenomenological tradition that challenges the Cartesian mind-body dualism. Merleau-Ponty argues that perception is not a passive reception of sensory information by a detached mind, but rather a dynamic interaction between the embodied subject and the world. By exploring the role of our lived body, intentional structures, and the phenomenal field, Merleau-Ponty critiques classical theories of perception and offers a new understanding of consciousness as embodied and perspectival. Stay tuned and subscribe on Apple Podcasts for an exclusive season diving deeper into the works of Merleau-Ponty
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In Michel Foucalt's Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology his unique perspective on the relationship between language, knowledge, and power, is demonstrated as well as his commitment to analyzing how these forces shape our cultural and historical experience. There will be a bonus season available for all subscribers on Apple Podcasts diving into Foucault's works.
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Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment provides a glimpse into his philosophical system and the overarching themes explored in the work. Kant emphasizes the importance of critique in philosophy, arguing that we must examine the limitations of our cognitive abilities before making judgments. The Critique of Judgment focuses on aesthetic and teleological judgments, examining how we judge beauty and the purposiveness of nature.
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In Heidegger's Off the Beaten Track, he dedicates a piece 'The Origin of the Work of Art' inquiring into the nature of art, focusing on the relationship between the artwork, the artist, and art itself. He argues art is not just a mere object but holds with it a work-character, and it is this work-character that defines art.
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Our second episode is on Hegel's Aesthetics. In this text, Hegel provides a philosophical framework for understanding the nature and development of art. Hegel believes art represents the ideal, it is the perfect embodiment of truth and beauty. Hegel explores the relationship between art and the public.
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This season on aesthetics kicks off with an essay on the nature of beauty, written by Ancient Greek philosopher Plotinus. Plotinus argues against the tendency of language to conceal truth, and promotes the pursuit of understanding over mere verbal analysis. It explores the nature of beauty, first by examining how beauty manifests in physical objects and then by examining the beauty of the soul. Plotinus ultimately argues that true beauty lies in the realm of intellect, a realm of pure and perfect being that is accessible only to those who have purified their souls.
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In Albert Camus novel, The Stranger, the protagonist Meursault faces emotional detachment and his reaction to his mother's death. There is a theme of absurdity as Mersault faces his trial for murder.
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Albert Camus' "The Myth of Sisyphus" discusses the concept of the absurd and how it relates to various aspects of human existence. Camus argues that the absurd is a fundamental truth of life, acknowledging that life has no inherent meaning, yet choosing to live with this understanding.
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Nietzsche, through the voice of his fictional prophet Zarathustra, explores the themes of individualism, the Superman, the will to power, and the transvaluation of values. In the novel, Zarathustra criticizes conventional morality and traditional religion, proposing a new morality based on self-overcoming and the affirmation of life. He emphasizes the importance of the body and the will to power as driving forces for human evolution and asserts that true joy lies in the eternal return of all things.
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Miguel de Unamuno's "Tragic Sense of Life" is a philosophical treatise that grapples with the human desire for immortality in the face of inevitable death. Unamuno argues that the human condition is inherently tragic because our longing for eternal life is irreconcilable with reason. He explores this tragic tension through an examination of various philosophical, religious, and literary perspectives, ultimately concluding that true meaning lies not in finding definitive answers, but in embracing the perpetual uncertainty and passionate struggle that define our existence.
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