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It has been a bit more than six years since then Commandant of the Marine Corps, General David Berger, USMC, initiated what became known as Force Design 2030 (now just known as Force Design). What followed was a controversial change to the structure of the United States Marine Corps intended to address the challenge posed by the People's Republic of China in the western Pacific.
Now more than halfway to the original 2030 target, and informed by events from Ukraine and Southwest Asia since 2020, both long-standing critics of the design and other voices are readdressing the changes—and the critique—to see if it remains the right path.
Joining the Midrats Podcast is General Anthony Zinni, USMC (Ret.).
Summary
In this episode, retired General Anthony Zinny discusses the evolution of Marine Corps force design, its strategic implications, and the importance of a flexible, well-analyzed approach to military modernization.
Show LinksGeneral Anthony Zinni, USMC (Ret.) full bioForce Design 2030Marine leaders drop ‘2030’ from name of ambitious overhaul planUSMC Force Design Update from 2023The Marines Must Think Bigger Than Small Units, Real Clear Defense, December 09, 2025, Anthony Zinni & Jerry McAbee , Timothy WellsMore funding for the wrong programs won’t fix the Marine Corps, Washington Times, July 10, 2025, by Gen. Charles Krulak and Gen. Anthony ZinniOn the Future of the Marine Corps: Assessing Force Design 2030, CSIS, May 16, 2022What is the role of the Marine Corps in today’s global security environment?, Task & Purpose, Apr 19, 2022, Anthony ZinniGeneral Anthony Zinni (ret.) on Wargaming Iraq, Millennium Challenge, and Competition, CIMSEC, October 18, 2021, by Mie Augier and Major Sean F. X. BarrettUSNA lecture: The Obligation to tell the truthChapters
00:00: Introduction to Force Design 2030
03:28: General Zinni’s Perspective on Force Design
17:33: Critique of Current Military Strategy
24:08: Cultural Dynamics within the Marine Corps
32:25: Logistics and Equipment Considerations
35:40: Strategic Military Logistics
38:01: Challenges in the Strait of Hormuz
40:37: Marine Corps Littoral Regiments
43:21: Logistics and Mobility in Modern Warfare
46:49: Lessons from Military History: The 70s and 90s
49:11: Innovation in Military Strategy
52:32: The Importance of a Structured Development Process
56:14: Future Threats and Military Preparedness
General Zinni’s record of 35 years of service in uniform covers the breadth of service from the Vietnam War to his tour as Commander of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) from 1997 to 2000. Following his retirement from active duty, General Zinni continued to serve in senior diplomatic roles, including as the U.S. Special Envoy to Israel and the Palestinian Authority (2001–2003) and later as Special Envoy to Qatar (2017–2019). He is the author of several books, including the New York Times bestsellers Battle Ready (with Tom Clancy) and The Battle for Peace, as well as Leading the Charge and Before the First Shots Are Fired. Additionally, he continues working in academic positions and as a speaker on geopolitics, ethical leadership, and America’s role in the world. -
In creating a maritime renaissance in the U.S., there is a lot of work, discussion, and money going toward not just buying more ships, but also expanding the industrial base and training skilled tradespeople to make that expansion possible. A cornerstone of this should be training more dedicated Merchant Mariners and employing their skills in a better way.
Returning to Midrats is Brent D. Sadler to discuss this and related topics. Along with Hollins Randolph and Peter Lynch, he co-authored a report at Heritage, Time to Bring Back the U.S. Maritime Service to Support America’s Maritime Revival and a Wartime Economy, that we will use as a basis for our conversation.
Brent is Senior Research Fellow for Naval Warfare and Advanced Technology in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for National Security at The Heritage Foundation, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain.
Summary
This episode features Brent Sadler from the Heritage Foundation discussing the urgent need to revitalize the US maritime industry, focusing on the reactivation of the US Maritime Service, improving merchant marine training, and enhancing logistics for national security and wartime readiness.
Chapters
00:00: Revitalizing Naval Power and Merchant Marine Support
02:34: The Importance of Merchant Mariners
06:19: Organizational Challenges in Maritime Operations
12:17: Credentialing and Training Issues
15:06: The TidalWave Project and Sea Lift Requirements
20:03: Leadership and Cultural Shifts in Maritime Services
25:10: Immediate Solutions for Maritime Needs
30:39: Addressing Vulnerabilities in Maritime Logistics -
Saknas det avsnitt?
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Blockades, 11-month deployments, the Vietnam War, shipbuilding plans, and some love for our friends from The Philippines…a full plate for a Midrats Free for All.
Summary
This episode covers the recent return of the USS Gerald Ford after a 326-day deployment, the significance of naval operations, shipbuilding plans, and geopolitical considerations in the Indo-Pacific region. The hosts analyze naval readiness, technological advancements, and strategic challenges facing the US Navy.
Show LinksFORD Carrier Strike Group receives Presidential Unit Citation.USS Mahan (DDG-72) returns from deploymentUSS Midway (CV-41) off Vietnam 1973Easter Offensive of 1972Hong Kong’s Mary SooExecutive Orders:141921426514269Latest Shipbuilding PlanDecades-long requirement for a nuclear powered escortMobilize: How to Reboot the American Industrial Base and Stop World War III,by Shyam Sankar and Madeline HartEpisode 393: Building the right carrier; heavy, medium, or light with Tal ManvelBalikatan 2026China, the unwanted guestChapters
00:00: Introduction and Overview of the USS Gerald Ford’s Deployment
10:01: Lessons Learned from the USS Gerald Ford’s Deployment
14:24: Historical Context of Carrier Deployments
22:29: Life on Deployment: Experiences and Morale
30:27: Current Naval Operations and Future Considerations
33:02: The Ongoing Naval Operations in the Persian Gulf
38:55: Challenges in Aircraft Carrier Deployment
44:47: The Future of Shipbuilding and Naval Assets
50:54: The Role of Nuclear Power in Modern Naval Warfare
56:52: International Naval Cooperation and Exercises -
Summary
This episode explores the strategic maritime operations off the Straits of Hormuz, the impact of economic sanctions on Iran, and the future of naval amphibious forces. Experts discuss the nuances of naval blockade effectiveness, the importance of leadership in amphibious ships, and the broader geopolitical implications.
Show LinksDVIDS Hub - Defense Visual Information Distribution ServiceSecretary of the Treasury Bessent on Operation Economic FuryWilliam Toti, CAPT, USN (Ret.)USS Indianapolis and Captain McVeigh - Court Martial Records Story of the USS Indianapolis, as told by Quint in the movie JawsVenezuelan oil output changesKarim Sadjadpour’s overview of economic impact of embargoSWOs take the amphibs backMidrats, Episode 712: Condition of the Navy’s Amphibious Fleet And Its Impacts on Marines: the View from GAONavy’s MQ-25A StingrayChapters
00:00: Introduction to Maritime Topics
01:58: The Blockade in the Straits of Hormuz
06:47: Understanding the Impact of Blockades
09:56: Economic Pressure on Iran
12:57: The Role of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
18:01: Challenges of Regime Change in Iran
24:00: Lessons from Iraq and Venezuela
31:26: Naval Readiness and Command Changes
34:54: Navigating Command Structures in the Navy
39:00: The Role of Surface Warfare Officers
42:03: Career Pathways in Amphibious Warfare
45:47: The Future of Amphibious Forces
53:02: Leadership Changes in the Navy
\01:00:04: Foreign Ship Designs and Naval Strategy -
Summary
This episode features Dr. Colin Dueck, with Mark and Sal, discussing the historical and strategic importance of U.S. policy towards Latin America, the evolution of the Monroe Doctrine, and current challenges and opportunities in the hemisphere. Discussion is centered on how U.S. foreign policy can shape the future of the region amid great power competition.
Show Links
Why the Monroe Doctrine Still Matters, Colin DueckDr. Colin Dueck’s AEI pageChina’s Growing Influence in Latin America, Council on Foreign RelationsBolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our AmericaThe band The Minutemen circa 1985Chapters
00:00: Introduction to U.S. Policy in Latin America
03:08: Historical Context of U.S. Influence
06:10: The Monroe Doctrine and Its Evolution
08:49: Cold War Dynamics in Latin America
11:30: Post-Cold War Attitudes and Challenges
14:37: Recent Political Shifts in Latin America
17:22: The Rise of Conservative Governments
19:53: Crime and Governance in Latin America
23:02: Future Implications for U.S.-Latin America Relations
28:33: Revitalizing Latin America: Opportunities and Challenges
29:26: Political Dynamics in Latin America: A Regional Overview
36:00: Energy Resources: The Key to Economic Development
37:51: China’s Influence in Latin America: A Double-Edged Sword
47:03: Strategic U.S. Engagement: Priorities for the Future
Dr. Colin Dueck is a nonresident senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where he is focusing on the interconnection between US national security strategies and party politics, conservative ideas, and presidential leadership. He is also a professor in the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University, where he is the faculty adviser for the Alexander Hamilton Society. A senior nonresident fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, he has also served as a foreign policy adviser on several Republican presidential campaigns.
Dr. Dueck is the author of three books on American foreign and national security policies: The Obama Doctrine: American Grand Strategy Today (Oxford University Press, 2015), Hard Line: The Republican Party and US Foreign Policy Since World War II (Princeton University Press, 2010), and Reluctant Crusaders: Power, Culture, and Change in American Grand Strategy (Princeton University Press, 2006). He has testified before Congress and has been published in academic journals and the popular press. These include International Security, Orbis, Political Science Quarterly, the Review of International Studies, Security Studies, World Policy Journal, The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, RealClearPolitics, and National Review.
A Rhodes scholar, Dr. Dueck has a PhD in politics from Princeton University and an MPhil in international relations from Oxford University. He was also awarded a John M. Olin Postdoctoral Fellowship in national security studies by Harvard University. His earlier degrees in history were obtained from the University of Saskatchewan. -
Summary
This episode features a lively free-for-all discussion covering recent naval operations, geopolitical tensions, naval maintenance issues, and international defense collaborations. The hosts share insights on maritime security, shipbuilding, and the strategic importance of alliances in the Indo-Pacific region.
Key TopicsNaval operations in the Strait of HormuzUS Navy maintenance and readiness issuesInternational defense collaborations in the Indo-PacificNo one in the Navy has ever been hungry underwayByron Audler: a good yardbirdShow LinksCharge of the Love Boat BrigadeMogami Class FrigateNew Fuel Storage Location in the Southern PhilippinesUSA vs. China GDP Gap GrowsUSS Boise (SSN 764) 2015 Change of CommandChapters
00:00: Introduction
02:19: Recent Strait of Hormuz Activity
07:26: US Navy Intercepts Iranian Ship in Gulf of Oman
11:47: Maintenance Challenges
16:58: USS Boise Maintenance and Accountability
21:40: Naval Readiness and Fleet Sustainability
29:46: Japan-Australia Defense Cooperation and Shipbuilding
38:55: Pacific Region Security and Naval Assets
45:24: China’s Demographics and Economic Outlook
47:26: NASA Moon Mission and Space Exploration
53:14: US-Philippines Relations and Strategic Partnerships
58:41: Naval Food and Morale Myths
59:57: Remembering Byron Audler -
The last four years’ conflicts from the Strait of Hormuz through the Red Sea to the Black Sea have presented a raft of lessons to the navies of Europe. How are they positioned to address the lessons, and what moves are already taking place?
Returning to the Midrats Podcast to discuss this and related topics is Alessio Patalano.
Alessio is a Professor of War and Strategy in East Asia and senior fellow at the Center for Statecraft and National Security at King’s College London, where he specializes in maritime strategic issues.
Summary
In this episode, Alessio Politano, Mark, and Sal engage in a deep discussion on the evolving landscape of naval security, strategic innovation, and the importance of historical and contemporary insights in shaping maritime defense policies.
Main topics include:The significance of maritime history and its influence on current naval strategiesChallenges facing the UK Royal Navy and European navies amid funding and technological gapsModern threats in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and beyond, including missile and drone warfareInteroperability and technological advancements in NATO naval forcesThe strategic importance of autonomous systems and undersea infrastructure resilienceTimestamps:
00:00 - Introduction and overview of current naval strategic challenges
02:11 - Major recent regional conflicts and their global implications
03:09 - Mritime strategy and how history informs modern security
04:48 - The importance of understanding maritime history in policy making
05:45 - Lessons from past empires and their relevance today
07:36 - Strategic literacy among policymakers and military leaders
08:49 - The impact of natural disasters and supply chain disruptions (e.g., Japan 2011)
10:28 - Europe’s response to emerging naval threats and fleet modernization efforts
11:51 - The role of anti-access and area denial (A2/AD) systems in modern warfare
13:23 - Challenges faced by European navies in resource allocation and modernization
14:48 - The Red Sea operations: European and NATO approaches to maritime security
17:01 - Lessons learned from Ukraine and how they influence fleet development
18:24 - The state of the Royal Navy’s readiness and funding issues
19:48 - Upgrades and challenges regarding naval guns and missile defense systems
20:45 - British Navy’s current strategic considerations and historical perspective
22:23 - Political and financial factors impacting UK naval capabilities
23:13 - The importance of strategic investments and capability development
26:33 - The role of autonomous systems and unmanned vessels in future naval missions
33:24 - Regional missile threats, focusing on Iran and Chinese developments
37:18 - Europe’s plans for missile defense and cooperation with the U.S.
44:36 - The significance of interoperability and joint exercises
50:07 - Building resilience through technology, autonomy, and international collaboration
55:09 - Critical infrastructure protection in the Baltic and North Sea
62:57 - Future trajectories for European and Asian navies
63:13 - Alessio’s upcoming projects and publications
Resources & Links:Books by Alessio PatalanoThe Sun Also Rises — by Ernest HemingwayFleet Tactics and Naval Operations, Third Edition — by Wayne Hughes:Centre for Statecraft and National Security at King’s College LondonBooks by Sam J. TangrediProject BeehiveRussia probing of the UK seabed resourcesNATO’s Baltic Sentry -
Having trouble keeping up with the world around you? Head swirling with too much?
You’re not alone. Good news…we’ll get you all caught up and set right.
Returning to the Midrats Podcast is Blake Herzinger.
Blake Herzinger is Microsoft’s Defense and National Security Policy Lead for Asia. Previously, he led policy strategy and advocacy at Citi across North and South Asia and Australia, advised senior leaders on geopolitical and regulatory trends at Indo-Pacific Advisors, and held roles at Twitter and Booz Allen Hamilton focused on defense policy, risk, and market strategy. He has been affiliated with think tanks including the American Enterprise Institute and the US Studies Centre in Sydney. From 2008 to 2017, Blake served as an active-duty officer in the U.S. Navy as an intelligence officer; he continues to serve in the U.S. Navy Reserve. He holds an M.A. in Strategic Studies from the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) and a B.A. in Political Science from Brigham Young University.
He speaks English and Bulgarian.
In this episode:The significance of Japan increasing its defense expenditure to 2% of GDP and regional implicationsJapan’s soft power growth through development aid and maritime security contributionsThe increasing security cooperation between Japan, Australia, South Korea, and regional partnersHow regional maritime choke points affect security and trade resilienceThe digital revolution in shipbuilding and defense modernization effortsThe strategic importance of AUKUS and integrated supply chains for alliance strengthInsights into Singapore’s strategic posture and its partnerships in Southeast AsiaChallenges in defense procurement, cyber security, and digital infrastructure resilienceThe shifting dynamics of global energy supply and regional economic interestsTimestamps:
00:00 - Welcome and introduction to the regional security context
02:05 - Blake Herzinger’s role and current focus in Asia
02:33 - Japan’s defense spending increase and regional security implications
03:56 - Japan’s relationships with neighbors and regional development efforts
04:50 - Japan’s soft power in Southeast Asia and maritime security contributions
05:43 - Japan’s defense export initiatives and security cooperation
07:43 - Personal experiences with Japan-U.S. naval exercises and alliance benefits
08:13 - Japan’s assertiveness regarding Taiwan and regional security alignments
08:46 - Building security networks among U.S. allies in the Indo-Pacific
09:36 - The evolution of regional defense partnerships and trilateral arrangements
10:01 - Historical context of Pacific conflicts and current opportunities for cooperation
11:20 - The non-expansionist nature of current regional disputes and interests overlap
12:15 - The growing economic and security ties around Southeast Asia
13:26 - Japan’s defense uplift post-Shangri-La Dialogue and its regional impact
14:01 - Ukraine’s influence on Japan and regional resilience initiatives
15:04 - Cyber warfare, critical infrastructure, and future regional security challenges
16:17 - Maritime choke points’ strategic importance and regional defense planning
17:41 - U.S. and regional shipbuilding efforts, technological modernization
18:48 - Evolving international relationships beyond traditional hubs
20:01 - The growing defense collaborations across Asia and beyond
21:35 - The importance of digital infrastructure and cyber security in defense
22:53 - The challenge of modernizing shipbuilding through data and digital supply chains
24:07 - Regional energy security, oil dependencies, and diversifying supplies
26:21 - Australia’s energy policies and regional resilience strategies
29:33 - The potential of nuclear energy and green energy initiatives in Asia
31:18 - The strategic significance of AUKUS and regional perceptions
36:54 - Modernizing defense logistics, munition production, and industrial cooperation
38:21 - Overcoming bureaucratic hurdles in defense modernization and tech sharing
40:30 - The ongoing efforts to evolve U.S. defense capabilities and partnership standards
43:18 - Australian and Japanese shipbuilding cooperation and regional interoperability
46:49 - Singapore’s strategic posture, partnerships, and regional stability efforts
51:24 - Final thoughts: emerging issues and the importance of optimism in security
54:12 - Blake’s recent publications, ongoing initiatives, and staying connected
Resources & Links:Managing the Unbreakable Alliance: Agreements, Core Instruments, and Related Documents, by Blake HerzingerJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)As the US Navy just demonstrated, war at sea is global, John Andrews at ASPIMobilize: How to Reboot the American Industrial Base and Stop World War III, Shyam Sankar and Madeline Hart -
After a series of great guests, the Midrats Podcast returns this week with the ever popular, “Free-for-All” format!It’s just Mark and me for the full hour as we discuss the latest developments from the Iranian conflict and elsewhere.
Summary
Sal and Mark discuss the meticulous planning behind military operations, the nuances of Iran’s strategic posture, and the broader implications for global security. Whether you’re a defense enthusiast or a security professional, this discussion sheds light on the complexity and professionalism inherent in modern military planning.
In this episode:The myth of spontaneous military actions and the importance of detailed operational planningDecades of strategic intelligence and military preparation on IranThe layered process of deliberate planning, from high-level directives to tactical executionThe significance of coalition operations, particularly with Israel, and target division strategiesHow the U.S. and allies use phased operations to achieve specific objectives and measure successThe potential long-term impacts of current operations on Iran’s regime and regional stabilityThe role of misinformation and the importance of diversified information sources in understanding geopolitical eventsInsights on missile defense systems, threats in the Strait of Hormuz, and implications for Europe and AsiaReflections on Iranian capabilities, internal resistance, and future regional conflictsTimestamps:
00:00 - Introduction and episode overview
00:42 - The importance of deliberate military planning
02:24 - Iran’s decades-long strategic preparation
03:46 - Hierarchical planning from national directives to tactical execution
05:05 - Goals of the recent operations and response to higher command
06:57 - The reality of complex war plans, including branch and serial strategies
08:15 - Collaboration with Israel and target sharing
09:29 - Long-term planning and crisis adaptation
10:55 - Asset management and tactical operational adjustments
12:30 - The process of assessing mission success and defining end states
15:39 - Comparative military experience of the U.S. and Israel
17:02 - Duration and exit strategies for military operations
18:17 - How success is measured and operational end points
19:38 - Risks of mission creep and regime stability post-operation
21:11 - Insights from military leadership on regime resilience
22:58 - Impacts of leadership losses and succession in Iran
24:44 - Potential for regime radicalization and future conflicts
27:40 - Clarification on key geographic targets in the Strait of Hormuz
30:01 - Ballistic missile threats to Europe and the U.S.
33:07 - Iranian missile development and regional motivations
36:15 - Defense systems in Europe and political considerations
43:03 - China’s position regarding tanker escort and regional interests
50:38 - Focus on geographic hotspots and missile threats near Iran
52:29 - Israeli agility and sensor capabilities in targeting
57:41 - Internal resistance within Iran and revolution prospects
59:34 - Strategic patience and operational objectives
60:10 - Teaser for next week’s guest: Blake Herzinger
Show Links:Jim Mattis and Ryan Holiday | Full Episode 3.20.26 | Firing Line with Margaret Hoover | PBSThe Rise of the Punitive Expedition & the Repudiation of the Era of Errors, 02 March 2026Iran Strategy and Planning Resources -
Here we find ourselves approaching the fifth spring of the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022.As the rest of the world’s geopolitical landscape changes dramatically, Russia’s “friend group” shrinks, and Ukraine’s friends grow weary and distracted, where is the war moving and where could we expect Russia to adjust for another year of conflict?
Returning to Midrats again to discuss this and related issues is Dr. Dmitry Gorenburg, a Senior Research Scientist in the Strategy, Policy, Plans, and Programs division of CNA, where he has worked since 2000.
Dr. Gorenburg is an associate at the Harvard University Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and previously served as Executive Director of the American Association of the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS). His research interests include security issues in the former Soviet Union, Russian military reform, Russian foreign policy, and ethnic politics and identity. Dr. Gorenburg is author of Nationalism for the Masses: Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation (Cambridge University Press, 2003), and has been published in journals such as World Politics and Post-Soviet Affairs. He currently serves as editor of Problems of Post-Communism and was also editor of Russian Politics and Law from 2009 to 2016. Dr. Gorenburg received a B.A. in international relations from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University.
Summary
In this episode, we explore the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, marking its fifth spring, and analyze Russia’s current military strategy, technological dependencies, economic adjustments, and geopolitical efforts. Our expert guest, Dr. Dmitry Gorenberg, a senior research scientist at CNA, provides insights into Russia’s military tactics, technological challenges, and international alliances, painting a comprehensive picture of a pivotal moment in the conflict.
Key Topics:The significance of the fifth spring of the Russia-Ukraine war and its implicationsThe role and impact of Starlink and Russian anti-satellite capabilitiesRussian military tactics: steady grinding, troop mobilization, and drone warfareThe Russian psyche regarding prolonged conflict and public sentimentThe influence of repression and government control on information disseminationEconomic resilience: sanctions, oil prices, and support from BRICS nationsRussia’s strategic partnerships: Venezuela, Iran, China, and othersThe role of sabotaging NATO and Western countries to weaken collective defenseInformation warfare: Russian propaganda, disinformation, and influence operationsTechnological dependencies: reliance on US-based satellite systems and Chinese componentsRussian military leadership: promotions, strategic updates, and future outlooksThe geopolitics of energy, with focus on shadow fleets and the Straits of HormuzTimestamps:00:00 - Introduction and overview of Russia’s fifth spring in the Ukraine conflict02:09 - The impact of cutting off Starlink and communication disruptions on the front lines04:20 - Russian troop mobilization strategies and tactics05:39 - External foreign fighters: North Koreans, North Africans, and recruitment trends08:33 - Russian public perception and cultural narrative about the war’s longevity09:29 - The influence of repression, propaganda, and societal attitudes in Russia12:46 - Government control of communications, internet censorship, and surveillance16:15 - Russia’s dependence on US satellite systems and Chinese technology17:36 - Russia’s technological gap: Satellites, GPS, and domestically developed systems19:10 - Economic impacts: sanctions, oil prices, and Russia’s financial resilience 21:25 - Russia’s efforts with BRICS and global network of allies to bypass sanctions23:24 - The role of Venezuela, Iran, and other countries in Russia’s geopolitical web27:06 - Russia’s sabotage operations against NATO and Western nations30:13 - Political influence campaigns, disinformation, and influence operations32:09 - Reflection on Cold War-era propaganda and current information strategies33:38 - The use of media, social platforms, and online influence in shaping narratives37:40 - Historical perspective on propaganda, public manipulation, and media control39:51 - Modern military technology, including missile attacks and Ukraine’s defense42:11 - The evolving missile landscape, targeting energy infrastructure and battlefield logistics44:46 - Russia’s advanced satellite capabilities: intercepting and maneuvering satellites46:47 - External support for Russia: North Korean, Iranian weapons, and China’s role48:00 - Chinese technology and components aiding Russia’s military industry50:17 - Russia’s long-term concerns about China’s rising dominance52:24 - Russia’s diplomatic and military support networks in Latin America and beyond54:00 - Shadow tanker ships, oil sanctions, and economic strategies related to energy55:47 - The geopolitical implications of oil sales, shadow fleets, and global markets57:06 - Russia’s support to Iran: targeting capabilities and strategic assistance58:21 - Ukraine’s recent military developments and regional connections60:59 - Ukraine’s defense industrial capacity and regional alliances62:24 - Russia’s outreach and support to Middle Eastern countries; strategic intentions64:39 - Future outlook: military promotions, strategic planning, and the war’s trajectoryResources & Links:CNA Russia StudiesStarlink by SpaceXRT (Russia Today)RAND Report on Russian SatellitesUS Sanctions and Oil Market DataRussia’s Shadow Fleet -
The first quarter of 2026 still has three weeks to go, but the assumptions and friend group of the People’s Republic of China has changed dramatically.
Recent changes in the assumptions concerning Venezuela, Iran, Japan, and other nations will impact the national security concerns of the West’s greatest challenger on the world stage.
Returning to the Midrats Podcast today from 5-6 PM Eastern to discuss will be Dean Cheng.
Dean is a Non-resident Senior Fellow, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies and Non-resident Fellow, George Washington University Space Policy Institute.He recently retired after 14 years with the Heritage Foundation, where he was a senior research fellow on Chinese political and security affairs, and wrote on various aspects of Chinese foreign and defense policy.Prior to joining the Heritage Foundation, he was a senior analyst with the China Studies Division (previously, Project Asia) at CNA from 2001-2009.
Before joining CNA, he was a senior analyst with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) from 1996-2001. From 1993-1995, he was an analyst with the US Congress’ Office of Technology Assessment in the International Security and Space Division, where he studied the Chinese defense industrial complex.He is the author of the book Cyber Dragon: Inside China’s Information Warfare and Cyber Operations (NY: Praeger Publishing, 2016), as well as a number of papers and book chapters examining various aspects of Chinese security affairs.
Show LinksDean Cheng’s article on Chinese military purgesAn Army at Dawn, by Rick AtkinsonChina’s HQ‑9B Defense System Under ScrutinySummary
In this episode, Dean Cheng discusses China’s strategic posture, military reforms, cyber capabilities, and the implications of recent global events on China’s long-term plans. We explore China’s economic outlook, military modernization, regional influence, and the impact of purges within the PLA.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction and Context of Global Tensions
03:01: China’s Strategic Position and Five-Year Plan
07:07: Defense Spending and Global Security Concerns
10:05: China’s Vulnerabilities and Energy Security
11:44: Military Purges and Leadership Control
18:22: Military Readiness and Combat Experience
23:27: Testing Chinese Military Equipment in Conflicts
28:45: Global Arms Market and Strategic Alliances
30:24: Military Culture and Learning from Underperformance
32:57: Training and Realistic Combat Experience
35:40: Cyber Warfare and Electronic Warfare Concerns
38:05: Regional Conflicts and China’s Diplomatic Stance
40:46: China’s Image and Political Warfare
44:48: Shifts in Global Alliances and Economic Influence
47:34: The Importance of Economic Engagement
50:25: China’s Diplomatic Approach to Neighbors
54:16: Cyber Threats and Infrastructure Vulnerabilities -
Hard to think of a better time to have a Midrats Podcast Free-for-All.2026 continues to produce more content than we know what to do with, but we’ll give it our best.
Show LinksCENTCOM’s Epic Fury Day-1 SummaryLUCAS attack droneIntifada Podcast: Hamas in the U.S.UK gives a nod for base useSal Mercogliano on the Strait of HormuzIsraeli bomb shelter dating appSummary
Join Sal and Mark as they analyze the recent military operations, geopolitical implications, and strategic considerations surrounding Operation Epic Fury and the broader Middle East tensions. This episode offers in-depth insights into military assets, regional dynamics, and the future of Iran and its neighbors.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction
02:04: Main Focus: Operation Epic Fury and Iran
03:07: Details of US Military Assets Used in the Strike
06:28: Targeting Command and Control Centers in Iran
08:12: Iran’s Military Capabilities and Regional Impact
09:38: Iranian Public Sentiment and Future Opportunities
11:25: Support for Iranian People and Regime Dynamics
13:46: Iranian Revolutionary Guard and Sleeper Cells
16:52: Impact of Expatriates and International Support
18:14: Challenges of Leadership and Control in Iran
20:09: Strategic Goals and Limitations of the Operation
22:02: Analysis of Military and Political Leadership Decisions
25:24: Logistics, Risks, and Future Outlook
28:43: Potential for Further Actions and Regional Stability
31:17: European and Global Reactions to the Strike
34:38: International Responses and NATO’s Role
37:11: Iran’s Response and Proxy Activities
41:54: Intelligence, Misinformation, and Media Challenges
45:18: Implications for US and Allies’ Security
49:25: Operational Successes and Future Risks
54:31: Technological Innovations and Regional Impact
55:57: Humor and Human Element in Military Operations
01:00: Conclusion -
So, is this the time to make battleships great again?I would be hard-pressed to think of a better guest to help us explore that question than returning guest, Rob Farley. A starting point for our conversation will be his article from December, The Trump-Class Battleship Summed Up In 1 Word.
Show LinksThe Battleship Book, by Robert Farley’sPatterson School of Diplomacy and International CommerceLawyers, Guns, and Money Dr. Robert Farley’s X ProfileDr. Robert Farley’s Blue Sky ProfileMy thoughts on SLCM-NSummary
In this episode, Dr. Robert Farley discusses the concept of battleships, their historical significance, and the strategic considerations for modern naval warfare. The conversation covers technological challenges, political implications, and future force structure planning.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction to the Battleship Debate
02:31: Historical Context and Modern Relevance of Battleships
07:44: Survivability and Modern Warfare Challenges
13:11: The Role of Nuclear Capabilities in Battleships
20:11: Political and Strategic Implications of Battleship Armament
23:15: Technological Innovations and Future of Naval Warfare
32:36: Design Philosophy and Size of Modern Warships
39:32: Historical Lessons and Future Capabilities
46:03: Political Implications of Naval Procurement
52:30 Shipbuilding Challenges and Future Directions
Dr. Robert Farley has taught security and diplomacy courses at the Patterson School since 2005. He received his BS from the University of Oregon in 1997, and his Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2004. In addition to the book of the moment, The Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). He has contributed extensively to a number of journals and magazines, including the National Interest, the Diplomat: APAC, World Politics Review, and the American Prospect. Dr. Farley is also a founder and senior editor of Lawyers, Guns and Money. -
Need a moment to recover from Valentine’s Day? Of course you do!
ShowlinksTruxtun-Supply CollisionSecretary of State Marco Rubio at the Munich Security ConferenceMaritime Action PlanSummary
In this episode of Midrats, Sal and Mark discuss various topics related to national security, starting off with the Truxton-Supply collision. They also delve into Secretary Rubio’s speech regarding NATO relations, the decline of the international order, and the challenges posed by China’s global influence. Additionally, they explore the Maritime Action Plan and its significance for the future of shipbuilding and economic policy in the U.S.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction
02:10: The Truxtun-Supply Collision
11:55: Operational Tempo and Navy Readiness
17:24: Secretary Rubio’s Speech and NATO Relations
27:18: The Decline of the International Order
37:03: China’s Global Influence and Fishing Practices
45:51: Maritime Action Plan and Economic Policy
57:59: Strategic Capabilities and Future of Shipbuilding -
Show LinksThe Congress, the Golden Fleet, and the Shipbuilding Industrial Base in 2026Summary
In this episode of Midrats, Sal and Mark engage with Eric Labs, a senior analyst at the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), to discuss the complexities of shipbuilding costs, the role of the CBO in providing independent estimates, and the challenges faced by the U.S. Navy in maintaining and expanding its fleet. Eric shares insights on the differences between CBO and Navy cost estimates, the impact of maintenance on overall ship costs, and the importance of a skilled labor force in shipbuilding. The conversation also touches on the historical context of shipbuilding budgets, congressional appropriations, and the future of naval forces in the face of evolving defense needs.
Dr. Eric Labs is Senior Analyst for Naval Forces and Weapons at the Congressional Budget Office in Washington, D.C. He specializes in issues related to the procurement, budgeting, and sizing of the forces for the Department of the Navy. He received his doctorate in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduated from Tufts University, summa cum laude, in 1988. He has worked for the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis in Cambridge, Massachusetts and, from 1994 to 1995, as a Visiting Scholar at the Center for International Security Studies at the University of Maryland. Dr. Labs has been with the Congressional Budget Office since 1995.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction to the CBO and Eric Labs
03:01: Understanding the Role of the CBO
06:01: Cost Estimation Approaches in Shipbuilding
08:54: Historical Context of CBO Estimates vs Navy Estimates
12:04: Challenges in Shipbuilding Cost Estimates
15:09: The Impact of Maintenance on Ship Costs
18:00: Congressional Budgeting and Shipbuilding Appropriations
20:48: Labor Force Challenges in Shipbuilding
23:58: Future of the U.S. Navy Fleet and Shipbuilding
27:05: Conclusion and Future Considerations -
No need to force yourself to head outside in this horrible weather—unless you are in the Free State of Florida where the high is expected to hit 80F or so.
From the Friday National Defense Strategy dump to whatever comes over the transom, we’ve got you covered.
Show Links2026 National Defense StrategyHeritage Foundation’s, TidalwaveBeans, Bullets, and Black Oil, Rear Adm. Worrall Reed, USNFourth Arm of Defense: Sealift and Maritime Logistics in the Vietnam War, Sal MercoglianoUSS Zumwalt Underway for First Time Since 2023 After Missile Refit, Sam LaGrone2009, George Soros interviewed by then WEF ‘Young Global Leader’ and future Canadian Deputy Prime Minister, Chrystia FreelandSummary
In this episode of Midrats, the hosts discuss the recent release of the National Defense Strategy, its implications for U.S. military policy, and the focus on China one of the primary concerns. They also address European defense responsibilities, Canada’s political landscape, and the importance of logistics in military preparedness. The conversation highlights the need for candor within military culture and the future of naval warfare technologies.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction and Overview
02:45: Airing Grievances: National Defense Strategy Release
07:09: Analysis of National Defense Strategy
12:41: Focus on China: Realistic Approaches
18:31: European Defense Responsibilities24:28: Canada’s Political Landscape and Defense Issues
30:38: Logistics and Military Preparedness
40:48: The Importance of Candor in Military Culture
53:30: Future of Naval Warfare and New Technologies -
Is four months too short a turnaround for a guest on Midrats? Not if the topic at hand keeps running to the top of your read board.
From the unending diplomacy responding to the Trump Administration’s unending drive to get Greenland’s geography—and the resulting security—more firmly under American control, to the sitcom-worthy deployment of a couple of dozen “Coalition of the Freezing”—Greenland can’t-stop-won’t-stop from gathering eyeballs and attention.
So, we’re bringing back Elizabeth Buchanan for another visit. We’ll use her recent article in The Spectator as starting off point, A buyer’s guide to Greenland.
Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan is a senior fellow with the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and an expert associate of the French Ministry of Armed Forces’ Institute for Strategic Research.Most recently she was Head of Research for the Royal Australian Navy (Department of Defence). Dr Buchanan is co-founder of the polar warfare program (Project 6633) at the Modern War Institute of the West Point Military Academy. Before joining Australia’s Defence Department, Dr. Buchanan was Lecturer of Strategic Studies for the Defence and Strategic Studies Course at the Australian War College.Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. in Russian Arctic Strategy and completed her post-doctoral studies as a Maritime Fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome. She has published widely on geopolitics, most recently with Australian Foreign Affairs, International Affairs, War on the Rocks, Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs, The Australian, and The American Conservative.Dr. Buchanan has been a Visiting Scholar with the Brookings Institution and was an analyst with Royal Dutch Shell. Elizabeth has three published books:: Russian Energy Strategy in Asia and Red Arctic: Russian Arctic Strategy under Putin. In addition to, So you want to own Greenland, she also has an upcoming book, Competitive Cooperation at the Ends of the Earth.
Show links:So You Want to Own Greenland?: Lessons from the Vikings to Trump.Liz’s SEP 2024 visit to Midrats.The Unfortunate Greenland Kerfuffle.Denmark’s strategic concerns about China and Russia around Greenland, via Nick Solheim.Liz on X.Summary
In this episode of Midrats, the hosts welcome back Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan, a senior fellow at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and Center for the National Interest, to discuss the ongoing geopolitical significance of Greenland. The conversation delves into the historical context of U.S.-Greenland relations, particularly in light of recent tensions and discussions surrounding Greenland’s potential independence. Dr. Buchanan emphasizes the importance of understanding Greenland’s strategic position in the Arctic, especially regarding U.S. national security interests and the implications of a changing global landscape, including China’s growing influence. The dialogue also touches on the complexities of Greenland’s relationship with Denmark and the potential for a direct U.S.-Greenland partnership.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction and Overview of Greenland’s Importance
02:38: Historical Context of U.S.-Greenland Relations
05:52: The 2004 Defense Treaty and Its Implications
12:23: Greenland’s Independence Movement and Future Prospects
31:50: Best Case Scenarios for U.S.-Greenland Relations
32:17: Understanding the Scrappy Spirit of Greenland
39:12: The Geopolitical Landscape: Europe and the U.S.
54:31: Greenland’s Future: Independence or Status Quo? -
Summary
In this conversation, the hosts and Palantir’s Head of Defense Mike Gallagher and Head of Shipbuilding and Naval Programs Matt Babin discuss the integration of AI and advanced manufacturing techniques in shipbuilding, particularly focusing on the role of Palantir’s ShipOS in transforming shipyard operations. They explore the generational gap in expertise within the industry, the importance of optimizing workforce efficiency, and the collaboration between NAVSEA and the Maritime Industrial Base Program. The discussion also touches on legislative support needed for modern shipbuilding and the challenges faced in submarine maintenance and production.
ShowlinksU.S. Navy Partners with Palantir to Modernize Shipbuilding Supply Chain and Accelerate ShipbuildingThe Maritime Industrial Base ProgramHow big is the Columbia SSBN?TakeawaysAI and software can enhance traditional shipbuilding processes.ShipOS integrates various aspects of shipyard operations.Bridging the generational gap is crucial for shipbuilding.Workforce efficiency can be optimized through better planning.Legislative support is needed for consistent funding in shipbuilding.Software tools can help decision-makers understand costs better.The shipbuilding industry must attract younger talent.Chapters
00:00: The Future of Shipbuilding and AI Integration
03:55: Transforming Shipyard Operations with ShipOS
10:31: Bridging Generational Gaps in Shipbuilding Expertise
12:00: Optimizing Workforce Efficiency in Shipyards
18:24: Advanced Manufacturing Techniques in Shipbuilding
20:48: Leveraging Commercial Technology for Naval Advantage
25:51: Collaboration Between NAVSEA and the Maritime Industrial Base Program
33:42: Legislative Support for Modern Shipbuilding
44:32: Addressing Challenges in Submarine Maintenance and Production -
With a few days now behind us, most of the general facts are in on our raid into Caracas, Venezuela to capture Nicolás Maduro and, it appears, his wife as well.
Now that Maduro is a guest of the Southern District of New York, it is time to not just look at some of the details of the buildup and execution of this raid, but the initial lessons we can take from it, and what it means in the larger strategic environment.
Summary
In this episode of Midrats, Mark and Sal discuss the recent military operation in Venezuela, reflecting on its execution and implications for national security. They explore the potential for Venezuela’s recovery, the role of governance, and the international reactions to the operation. The conversation also touches on the economic impact of Venezuelan oil, China’s influence in the region, and the effectiveness of international organizations like the UN.
TakeawaysThe military operation in Venezuela was well-planned and executed.The ages of service members involved ranged from 20 to 49.Venezuela has the potential for economic recovery if governance improves.China’s influence in Latin America poses challenges for U.S. interests.The UN’s effectiveness in international law is questioned.Venezuelan oil could impact global energy prices.The operation sends a strong signal to adversaries.Governance and rule of law are crucial for Venezuela’s future.The U.S. military’s capabilities are unmatched globally.The situation in Venezuela is a test for U.S. foreign policy.Chapters
00:00: New Year, New Beginnings
02:11: Operation in Venezuela: A Military Success
09:36: Venezuela’s Future: Opportunities and Challenges
16:25: International Reactions and Implications
23:08: The Role of Governance in Venezuela’s Recovery
28:16: The Economic Impact of Venezuelan Oil
36:38: China’s Influence and Global Fishing Rights
43:17: The UN and International Law: A Critical View
48:38: Looking Ahead: The Path for Venezuela -
History isn’t just about the past; it’s a guide for today!
On this episode, we unravel the myths surrounding Pearl Harbor and what they teach us about current global tensions with returning guest, John Keuhn.
Dr. John T. Kuehn is Professor of Military History at the Army Command and General Staff College. He served in the US Navy as a naval flight officer flying in EP-3s and ES-3s, retiring in 2004. He has authored or co-authored seven books and was awarded a Vandevort Prize from the Society for Military History in 2023 for his article “Zumwalt, Holloway, and the Soviet Navy Threat Leadership in a Time of Strategic, Social, and Cultural Change.”
His latest book from is Strategy in Crisis (Naval Institute, 2023).
Summary
In this episode, Sal, Mark and guest John Kuehn discuss the historical significance of the Pearl Harbor attack, exploring its lessons for modern military strategy and the importance of public support in warfare. They analyze the complexities of the attack, the role of logistics in sustaining naval forces, and the geopolitical implications of sea lines of communication. The conversation also touches on the current state of the U.S. Navy and the strategic calculations of China in the context of potential conflict over Taiwan.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction and Context of Pearl Harbor
04:22: Understanding the Surprise Attack
10:41: Lessons from Pearl Harbor for Modern Warfare
17:27: The Role of Public Support in War
25:12: The Importance of Selling Naval Power
31:08: Logistics and Sustaining Naval Forces
39:42: Geopolitical Implications of Sea Lines of Communication
46:00: China’s Strategic Calculations and Modern Warfare
56:40: Conclusion and Future Considerations - Visa fler
