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U.S. cybersecurity officials are advising people to use encryption in their communications after a major hacking campaign.
在一次重大黑客活动之后，美国网络安全官员建议人们在通信中使用加密技术。
Federal officials released a list of security suggestions for U.S. telecommunications companies that were targeted.
联邦官员发布了针对受攻击的美国电信公司的安全建议清单。
The advice includes one suggestion that everyone can use: “Ensure that traffic is end-to-end encrypted to the maximum extent possible.”
该建议包括一项每个人都可以使用的建议：“确保流量在最大程度上进行端到端加密。”
End-to-end encryption, also known as E2EE, means that messages are protected so that only the sender and receiver can see them. If anyone else gets the message, all they will see is disordered information that cannot be understood without the key.
端到端加密，也称为 E2EE，意味着消息受到保护，只有发送者和接收者才能看到它们。如果其他人收到该消息，他们将看到的只是无序的信息，没有密钥就无法理解。
Law enforcement officials had until now resisted encryption. This resistance is because the encryption means the technology companies themselves will not be able to look at the messages. In addition, the companies will not be able to respond to law enforcement requests to turn the data over.
迄今为止，执法官员一直抵制加密。这种阻力是因为加密意味着科技公司本身将无法查看这些消息。此外，这些公司将无法响应执法部门移交数据的要求。
The Associated Press (AP) recently offered some ways that normal people can use for end-to-end encryption :
美联社 (AP) 最近提供了一些普通人可以使用的端到端加密方法：
Officials said the hackers targeted the metadata of a large number of people. That included information on the dates, times and recipients of calls and texts. The hackers also got to see the information from texts from a much smaller number of people.
官员们表示，黑客的目标是大量人员的元数据。其中包括有关电话和短信的日期、时间以及收件人的信息。黑客还从一小部分人的短信中看到了信息。
If you are an iPhone user, information in text messages that you send to someone else who also has an iPhone will be encrypted end-to-end. Look for the blue text bubbles which mean that the messages are encrypted iMessages.
如果您是 iPhone 用户，则您发送给也拥有 iPhone 的其他人的短信中的信息将被端到端加密。查找蓝色文本气泡，这意味着该消息是加密的 iMessage。
The same goes for Android users sending texts through Google Messages. There will be a lock next to the timestamp on each message to show that the encryption is on.
Android 用户通过 Google Messages 发送短信也是如此。每条消息的时间戳旁边都会有一个锁，以表明加密已开启。
But there is a weakness. When iPhone and Android users text each other, the messages are encrypted only using Rich Communication Services (RCS). That is a common method for messaging that has replaced the older SMS and MMS methods.
但有一个弱点。当 iPhone 和 Android 用户互相发短信时，消息仅使用丰富通信服务 (RCS) 进行加密。这是一种常见的消息传递方法，已取代旧的 SMS 和 MMS 方法。
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For people in parts of the world with seasons — especially cold ones — winter might seem like a time to rest and to take a break from garden work.
对于世界上有季节的地区的人们来说，尤其是寒冷的季节，冬天似乎是休息和从园艺工作中休息一下的时间。
But it is not, says Associated Press gardening expert Jessica Damiano.
但事实并非如此，美联社园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺说。
Autumn and winter are the best times to attend to your garden’s needs and prepare for the next growing season. There is much to do for both outdoor and indoor plants.
秋季和冬季是满足花园需求并为下一个生长季节做好准备的最佳时机。室外和室内植物都有很多事情要做。
For people who want flowers like tulips in the early spring plant the bulbs that produce them if your soil is not frozen. If you can still dig, plant tulips, daffodils and other bulbs.
对于那些想要在早春开花的人来说，如果你的土壤没有结冰的话，可以种植郁金香等花朵的球茎。如果你还能挖土，就种植郁金香、水仙花和其他球茎植物。
Cover them with about eight centimeters of mulch, leaves or dried grass. This will prevent freezing and melting temperatures from forcing them out of the ground over the winter.
用大约八厘米厚的覆盖物、树叶或干草覆盖它们。这将防止冰冻和融化的温度迫使它们在冬天离开地面。
During winter months, even in more temperate areas, some plants need protection from the cold. These include some fruit trees, like citrus, dahlias and many plants that bloom in the spring. In winter conditions, a cloth cover called burlap can help limit the damaging effects of wind.
在冬季，即使在较温和的地区，一些植物也需要防寒。其中包括一些果树，如柑橘、大丽花和许多在春天开花的植物。在冬季，一种称为粗麻布的布盖可以帮助限制风的破坏性影响。
If snow builds up on the branches of evergreen trees and shrubs, remove it. The heavy weight can damage branches.
如果常绿树木和灌木的树枝上积雪，请将其清除。重物会损坏树枝。
Keep a record of plants you mean to move from one place to another in your garden. The notes will guide you in early spring: a time that is best to move plants that bloom early in the season.
记录下您想要从花园中的一个地方移到另一个地方的植物。这些注释将在早春为您提供指导：这是最好移动早开花植物的时间。
if you have extra seeds, consider trading them with gardening friends or at a gardening event. Store and organize seeds for the future in glass containers in cool places without light. Make sure to write down what they are and when they were collected.
如果您有多余的种子，请考虑与园艺朋友或在园艺活动中交换它们。将种子储存和整理在玻璃容器中，存放在阴凉、无光的地方。请务必写下它们是什么以及收集时间。
If insects or diseases were a problem during the growing season, use winter months to read about companion plants that can ease the problem in the coming year.
如果昆虫或疾病在生长季节成为问题，请利用冬季阅读有关可以在来年缓解问题的伴生植物。
The cold winter months also affect houseplants. Bring houseplants near a south-facing or west-facing window to get the most sunlight possible. Turn the houseplants about one fourth of a turn each time you water them. This will support more even growth.
寒冷的冬季也会影响室内植物。将室内植物放在朝南或朝西的窗户附近，以获得尽可能多的阳光。每次浇水时，将室内植物转动约四分之一圈。这将支持更均匀的增长。
If you are buying poinsettias for the holidays, be sure to examine them for whiteflies before bringing them home. If you do not, you could bring home insects.
如果您在假期购买一品红，请务必在带回家之前检查它们是否有粉虱。如果你不这样做，你可能会把昆虫带回家。
If you plant Amaryllis bulbs indoors now, they will bloom during the coldest months of the winter. Plant them with their pointed ends reaching out of the potting soil and place them in a warm, sunny spot, watering them well.
如果你现在在室内种植孤挺花球茎，它们会在冬天最冷的几个月里开花。将它们的尖端伸出盆栽土壤中，然后将它们放在温暖、阳光充足的地方，并充分浇水。
After they bloom, keep them in a cooler place to extend the life of their flowers but keep them away from children and pets. Amaryllis bulbs are poisonous to eat.
开花后，将它们放在阴凉的地方，以延长花朵的寿命，但要远离儿童和宠物。孤挺花球茎食用有毒。
Damiano also advises to remember that non-migrating birds need food because most of their food sources are gone during the winter months. High quality birdseed and water can help.
达米亚诺还建议记住，非迁徙鸟类需要食物，因为它们的大部分食物来源在冬季都会消失。高品质的鸟食和水可以提供帮助。
These same birds will repay the effort by feeding on thousands of insects that threaten your garden during the warm growing season.
这些鸟儿会在温暖的生长季节以数千种威胁您花园的昆虫为食来回报您的努力。
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Haqdoost is happy with how easily and quickly things are getting done under the new administration.
Haqdoost 对新政府领导下的工作进展顺利且迅速感到满意。
“House prices have risen by almost 40 percent,” he said. “In the last three years, we have sold almost 400 properties. It wasn’t like that before.”
“房价上涨了近 40%，”他说。“在过去的三年里，我们已经出售了近 400 处房产。以前不是这样的。
”Business is good for Haqdoost. He employs 1200 workers, including women who only deal with female buyers.
Haqdoost 的生意很好。他雇佣了 1200 名员工，其中包括只与女性买家打交道的女性。
Haqdoost said most purchasers bring their wives along because women often make decisions when it comes to real estate purchases — even in a nation that critics say oppresses women. “They decide whether to buy the house or not,” he said.
哈克杜斯特表示，大多数购房者都会带着妻子一起去，因为在购买房地产时，女性往往会做出决定——即使在一个批评者认为压迫女性的国家也是如此。“他们决定是否买房子，”他说。
Afghans often host visiting friends or family in their homes. So wealthy buyers want houses with a garden, gym, swimming pool, rooms for visitors and at least one kitchen.
阿富汗人经常在家中接待来访的朋友或家人。因此，富有的买家希望房屋带有花园、健身房、游泳池、访客房间和至少一个厨房。
Since most of Haqdoost’s buyers are from overseas, their tastes are influencing the homes. They want houses with central heating, double-pane windows and elevators, and things like dining tables and beds.
由于 Haqdoost 的大多数买家来自海外，他们的品味正在影响着房屋。他们想要有中央供暖系统、双层玻璃窗、电梯以及餐桌和床之类的东西的房子。
Kabul’s population was around 500,000 in the year 2000. Now it is more than 5 million. To make Kabul more livable, city officials are busy building and repairing roads, putting in streetlights, planting trees and removing trash. They are also developing plans for less costly housing and increased home ownership.
2000年，喀布尔人口约为50万。现在已超过500万。为了让喀布尔变得更加宜居，市政府官员正忙于修建和维修道路、安装路灯、植树和清除垃圾。他们还正在制定降低住房成本和增加住房拥有率的计划。
Just outside of Kabul, Arash Asad is trying to sell his uncle’s property, which sits on around 4,000 square meters of land. He wants to sell the property for $800,000.
就在喀布尔郊外，阿拉什·阿萨德 (Arash Asad) 正试图出售他叔叔的房产，该房产占地约 4,000 平方米。他想以 80 万美元的价格出售该房产。
“People think this country has no jobs and no economy,” Asad said. “But Afghans have made their money, illegally or legally, over the years. You wouldn’t believe it.”
“人们认为这个国家没有就业机会，也没有经济，”阿萨德说。“但多年来，阿富汗人通过非法或合法方式赚钱了。你不会相信的。”
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The capital city of Kabul, Afghanistan, has seen big changes in its high-end housing market. Peace, it seems, is driving up property prices.
阿富汗首都喀布尔的高端住宅市场发生了巨大变化。和平似乎正在推高房地产价格。
Omidullah, a real estate agent, is selling a white-and-gold house with nine bedrooms and nine bathrooms in the Afghan capital. The house is on the market for $450,000, a surprising number in a country where more than half of the population depends on humanitarian aid to survive.
房地产经纪人奥米杜拉正在阿富汗首都出售一栋拥有九间卧室和九间浴室的白色和金色房屋。这所房子的市场售价为 45 万美元，对于一个一半以上人口依靠人道主义援助生存的国家来说，这个数字令人惊讶。
Most Afghans do not have bank accounts. And it is rare to borrow money from banks to buy property. Yet the offers are coming in.
大多数阿富汗人没有银行账户。从银行借钱购买房产的情况也很少见。然而优惠仍在到来。
“It’s a myth that Afghans don’t have money,” Omidullah said. “We have very big businessmen who have big businesses abroad. There are houses here worth millions of dollars.”
“阿富汗人没有钱是一个神话，”奥米杜拉说。“我们有非常大的商人，他们在国外拥有大生意。这里的房子价值数百万美元。
”People who spent years living and working abroad are returning home. They are drawn by the country’s much-improved security and stability after years of war and destruction. Those returning include Afghans escaping deportation campaigns in Iran and Pakistan.
在国外生活和工作多年的人们正在回国。他们被该国在经历多年战争和破坏后大大改善的安全和稳定所吸引。返回的人包括逃离伊朗和巴基斯坦驱逐行动的阿富汗人。
Banks rarely have enough money for lending. So, Afghans buy properties with their own money or employ what is called “geerawi.” It is when someone provides a fixed amount to a property owner in return for living in his place. And the person stays until the property owner returns the money.
银行很少有足够的资金来放贷。因此，阿富汗人用自己的钱购买房产或雇用所谓的“geerawi”。这是指有人向业主提供固定金额，以换取在他的地方居住。这个人会一直留下来，直到业主归还钱为止。
Before the Taliban takeover, people were afraid to invest in Kabul, said another real estate agent, Ghulam Mohammed Haqdoost.
另一位房地产经纪人古拉姆·穆罕默德·哈克杜斯特 (Ghulam Mohammed Haqdoost) 表示，在塔利班接管之前，人们不敢在喀布尔投资。
But the Taliban have created better conditions for the property market. The city is less violent since the Taliban changed from an insurgency to a government. Foreign forces left the country, although armored vehicles, checkpoints and military buildings remain common sights.
但塔利班为房地产市场创造了更好的条件。自从塔利班从叛乱分子转变为政府以来，这座城市的暴力事件有所减少。尽管装甲车、检查站和军事建筑仍然常见，但外国军队已撤离该国。
The Taliban have promised to end corruption and establish order. That means no more dealing with militia chiefs or paying officials for land purchases or building projects.
塔利班承诺结束腐败并建立秩序。这意味着不再需要与民兵首领打交道，也不再需要向官员支付土地购买或建筑项目的费用。
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James Chatters is a professor of Earth, Environment and Society at Canada’s McMaster University. He helped lead the research. Chatters said in a statement that centering on mammoths “helps explain how Clovis people could spread throughout North America and into South America in just a few hundred years.”
詹姆斯·查特斯 (James Chatters) 是加拿大麦克马斯特大学地球、环境与社会教授。他帮助领导了这项研究。查特斯在一份声明中表示，以猛犸象为中心“有助于解释克洛维斯人如何在短短几百年内传播到整个北美并进入南美洲。”
The scientists estimated the woman mostly ate meat from a group of animals called megafauna, the largest creatures that existed at the time. The study showed megafauna made up about 96 percent of her diet, with mammoth accounting for about 40 percent of the total.
科学家估计，这名妇女主要吃的是一种叫做巨型动物的动物的肉，这是当时存在的最大的生物。研究显示，巨型动物约占她饮食的 96%，其中猛犸象约占总量的 40%。
Chatters said one mammoth could support “a dependent community of children, care-giving women, and less mobile elders for days or even weeks while the hunters sought their next kill." Mammoths stood to about four meters tall at the shoulder and weighed as much as 11 tons.
查特斯说，一头猛犸象可以支撑“一个由儿童、照顾妇女和行动不便的老人组成的依赖社区数天甚至数周，而猎人则寻找下一次猎物。”猛犸象的肩高约四米，体重也同样重。为11吨。
Chatters said the Clovis people were known to be highly skilled hunters with a 10,000-year history of hunting megafauna over wide areas of territory. He added that the great dependence of the Clovis on megafauna likely led to the pressures that later caused the extinction of large ice age animals.
查特斯说，克洛维斯人以狩猎技术高超而闻名，拥有一万年在大片领土上捕猎巨型动物的历史。他补充说，克洛维斯人对巨型动物的高度依赖可能导致了后来导致大型冰河时期动物灭绝的压力。
Chatters noted the latest finding supports past studies that provided "indirect evidence” that Clovis people mainly depended on mammoths and other large animals for food. This evidence included examinations of different artifacts – such as stone tools or the ancient remains of large animals, he said.
查特斯指出，最新发现支持了过去的研究，这些研究提供了克洛维斯人主要依赖猛犸象和其他大型动物作为食物的“间接证据”。他说，这些证据包括对不同文物的检查，例如石器或大型动物的古代遗骸。。
Ben Potter was also a co-writer of the study. He is an archeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Potter told Reuters, "These results also help us understand megafauna extinctions at the end of the last Ice Age.” He added the findings suggest that humans may have played a more important part in the extinctions than is sometimes thought.
本·波特也是该研究的合著者。他是阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校的考古学家。波特告诉路透社，“这些结果也有助于我们了解上一个冰河时代末期巨型动物的灭绝情况。” 他补充说，研究结果表明，人类在物种灭绝中所扮演的角色可能比有时想象的更重要。
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A new study finds that the first humans to live in North America depended heavily on mammoths and other large animals for food.
一项新的研究发现，最早生活在北美的人类严重依赖猛犸象和其他大型动物作为食物。
The finding is based on examinations of the diet of a woman who lived about 13,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. She belonged to a culture called the Clovis. They were among the first Native Americans to arrive on the continent.
这一发现是基于对一位生活在大约 13,000 年前最后一个冰河时期的女性的饮食检查得出的。她属于一种叫做克洛维斯的文化。他们是第一批到达非洲大陆的美洲原住民之一。
The woman was still breast-feeding her 18-month-old son when he died. The boy’s remains were discovered back in 1968 in an ancient burial ground in the western U.S. state of Montana. Scientists examined his bones to learn more about his mother’s diet.
当她18个月大的儿子去世时，这名妇女仍在哺乳。1968 年，男孩的遗体在美国西部蒙大拿州的一个古老墓地中被发现。科学家们检查了他的骨头，以更多地了解他母亲的饮食。
They found that the woman ate mostly meat from mammoths and other very large animals. The finding supports scientific theories that Clovis people specialized in hunting large animals instead of seeking plants or small animals to eat.
他们发现该女子主要吃猛犸象和其他大型动物的肉。这一发现支持了克洛维斯人专门狩猎大型动物而不是寻找植物或小动物作为食物的科学理论。
At the time the Clovis people lived, large animals like mammoths lived in areas covering the Americas, as well as parts of northern Asia. The researchers noted that mammoths traveled very long distances during this period. This made them a target for migrating humans seeking protein-rich foods to eat.
在克洛维斯人生活的时代，猛犸象等大型动物生活在美洲以及北亚部分地区。研究人员指出，猛犸象在此期间迁移了很长的距离。这使它们成为寻求富含蛋白质食物的迁徙人类的目标。
The team examined isotope data collected from the boy’s bones to estimate the Clovis woman’s dietary intake. An isotope is a kind of atom that has a different atomic weight than similar atoms, but the same chemical structure. The isotope experiments centered on the elements carbon and nitrogen.
研究小组检查了从男孩骨骼中收集的同位素数据，以估计克洛维斯妇女的饮食摄入量。同位素是一种原子量与相似原子不同但化学结构相同的原子。同位素实验以碳和氮元素为中心。
Mat Wooller is a professor and director of the Alaska Stable Isotope center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. He was a co-writer of the study describing the research in the publication Science Advances.
马特·伍勒 (Mat Wooller) 是阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校阿拉斯加稳定同位素中心的教授兼主任。他是该研究的合著者，该研究在《科学进展》杂志上描述了该研究。
Wooller told Reuters news agency isotope examinations can provide “a chemical fingerprint” of parts of an ancient human’s diet. "We are all made of elements, like carbon and nitrogen, and so is our food," he said.
伍勒告诉路透社，同位素检查可以提供古代人类饮食部分的“化学指纹”。“我们都是由碳和氮等元素组成的，我们的食物也是如此，”他说。
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“If you set a priority for yourself ... you can make the time,” Deleveaux said.
“如果你为自己设定优先事项……你就能腾出时间，”德莱沃说。
With one breathing exercise, she breaths in through one nostril and then out through the other. She uses a thumb or forefinger to hold one nostril closed at a time.
在一次呼吸练习中，她通过一个鼻孔吸气，然后通过另一个鼻孔呼气。她用拇指或食指一次闭合一个鼻孔。
“It relaxes my mind. It makes my mind so full of ease. It brings you back to the present moment,” she added.
“它让我的心情放松。这让我的心里充满了轻松。它会让你回到当下，”她补充道。
To get ahead of anxiety before starting her workday, sales representative Lindsay Carlisle of Michigan does breathing exercises with her seven-year-old daughter during their drive to school. They breathe in for seven counts, hold their breath for five, and then breathe out for seven counts. They repeat this several times.
为了在开始工作日之前消除焦虑，密歇根州的销售代表 Lindsay Carlisle 在开车去学校的路上与她 7 岁的女儿一起进行呼吸练习。他们吸气数七下，屏住呼吸五下，然后呼气七下。他们重复了几次。
“Throughout that process, my shoulders start to drop on their own, and it really is calming,” Carlisle said.
“在整个过程中，我的肩膀开始自行下垂，这真的很平静，”卡莱尔说。
Suze Yalof Schwartz was an overworked magazine editor when her mother-in-law taught her a three-minute meditation method.
苏兹·亚洛夫·施瓦茨 (Suze Yalof Schwartz) 是一名过度劳累的杂志编辑，她的婆婆教她三分钟冥想方法。
Yalof Schwartz says it changed her life. She left her career and founded Unplug Meditation, a Santa Monica, California, company with a meditation studio, an app, and programs for corporate customers.
亚洛夫·施瓦茨说这改变了她的生活。她放弃了自己的职业生涯，创立了 Unplug Meditation，这是一家位于加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡的公司，拥有冥想工作室、应用程序和面向企业客户的项目。
“When we slow down our breath, we send a signal to our brain that everything’s OK, even when it’s not,” she said.
“当我们放慢呼吸时，我们会向大脑发出一个信号，表明一切都很好，即使情况并非如此，”她说。
Another 16-second breathing exercise is called box breathing. You breathe in for four counts, hold for four, breathe out for four counts and hold for another four. Yalof Schwartz has taught it to people in stressful jobs including firefighters, police and doctors.
另一种 16 秒呼吸练习称为箱式呼吸。吸气数四下，屏住四下，呼气四下，再屏住四下。亚洛夫·施瓦茨（Yalof Schwartz）向消防员、警察和医生等从事高压力工作的人传授了这一方法。
“It is the best thing that you can do at work before you have a meeting, before you send out an email that you wish you didn’t send, before you have a difficult conversation, because it just calms you down, gets rid of your negative energy,” she said.
“这是你在工作中可以做的最好的事情，在你开会之前，在你发送一封你希望没有发送的电子邮件之前，在你进行一场艰难的谈话之前，因为它只会让你平静下来，摆脱困境 你的负能量，”她说。
Employers such as Coca-Cola, Mattel and Netflix have used Unplug Meditation to teach breathing or meditation.
可口可乐、美泰和 Netflix 等雇主已使用 Unplug Meditation 来教授呼吸或冥想。
It is not always easy for workers to find space for deep breathing exercises. For example, salespeople often work alongside their customers. Yalof Schwartz suggests doing breathing exercises when making a sale or organizing items.
对于工人来说，找到进行深呼吸练习的空间并不总是那么容易。例如，销售人员经常与客户一起工作。亚洛夫·施瓦茨建议在销售或整理物品时进行呼吸练习。
Carlisle, the sales representative, sets a timer on her phone telling her to breathe deeply. She also keeps a note near her computer that simply says “Breathe.”
销售代表卡莱尔在手机上设置了一个计时器，告诉她深呼吸。她还在电脑旁边放了一张纸条，上面写着“呼吸”。
“The anxiety is always going to be there,” Carlisle said. “But at least I know I have one small tool. ... It sounds so simple and silly, but it works.”
“焦虑总是存在的，”卡莱尔说。“但至少我知道我有一个小工具。......这听起来很简单又愚蠢，但它确实有效。”
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At Myosin Marketing in Austin, Texas, the group employee meeting begins with an uncommon activity for a workplace. The members gather on Zoom and the head of the company, Sean Clayton, leads them through a deep-breathing exercise.
在德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的 Myosin Marketing，集团员工会议以一项在工作场所中不常见的活动开始。成员们聚集在 Zoom 上，公司负责人肖恩·克莱顿 (Sean Clayton) 带领他们进行深呼吸练习。
Clayton says the activity helps his employees relax and to be willing to take creative risks.
克莱顿说，这项活动可以帮助他的员工放松并愿意承担创造性的风险。
“At first they thought it was really weird,” he said, adding that most people turned off their cameras. But, after a couple of weeks, there was a change. The employees said the deep breathing felt good.
“一开始他们觉得这真的很奇怪，”他说，并补充说大多数人都关掉了相机。但是，几周后，情况发生了变化。员工们表示，深呼吸的感觉很好。
Studies show that deep breathing can be an effective way to reduce tension, or stress, at work. But people may not think about their breathing while on the job.
研究表明，深呼吸是减轻工作紧张或压力的有效方法。但人们在工作时可能不会考虑自己的呼吸。
Workers who sit at computers for long periods tend to take shallow breaths as their shoulders slowly rise. Workers who spend the day on their feet in retail or health care may be too busy to center their attention on breathing.
长时间坐在电脑前的员工往往会在肩膀慢慢抬起时呼吸浅。零售业或医疗保健行业的工人可能太忙，无法将注意力集中在呼吸上。
But there is good reason to stop what you are doing and take deep breaths, research suggests.
但研究表明，有充分的理由停止你正在做的事情并深呼吸。
Long-lasting stress can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Experts at the American Heart Association say it can be as harmful as secondhand smoke. Research suggests deep-breathing exercises can lower a person’s blood pressure and reduce anxiety.
长期的压力会增加患心脏病和中风的风险。美国心脏协会的专家表示，它与二手烟一样有害。研究表明深呼吸练习可以降低人的血压并减少焦虑。
There are many benefits to deep breathing. For starters, it is free. It can be done anywhere. And unlike a 30-minute meditation practice, most deep breathing exercises do not take much time.
深呼吸有很多好处。对于初学者来说，它是免费的。它可以在任何地方完成。与 30 分钟的冥想练习不同，大多数深呼吸练习不需要太多时间。
Also, it gives you something to focus on – your breathing. Experts say that this can help to calm racing thoughts.
此外，它还可以让您专注于呼吸。专家表示，这有助于平息急躁的思绪。
Focusing on breathing for one to five minutes can help you clear your mind and let you “get back to focusing on the one thing you want to accomplish,” said Glenn Levine. He is a heart and blood system doctor and professor at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.
格伦·莱文说，专注于呼吸一到五分钟可以帮助你理清思绪，让你“重新专注于你想要完成的一件事”。他是德克萨斯州休斯顿贝勒医学院的心脏和血液系统医生兼教授。
A good way to do deep breathing exercises is outside, Levine said. However, if that is not possible, doing them at a desk works.
莱文说，在户外进行深呼吸练习的一个好方法。然而，如果不可能的话，在办公桌上做也是可行的。
“Instead of focusing on the screen or work, just focus on your breathing. If possible,” Levine said, “close your eyes.”
“不要专注于屏幕或工作，只需专注于呼吸。如果可能的话，”莱文说，“闭上眼睛。”
Even very busy people can find time for daily breathing exercises. 即使非常忙碌的人也可以抽出时间进行日常呼吸练习。
Lisa Marie Deleveaux is a marketing professional and mother of five. She lost her job several months ago and has struggled to find a new one. Deleveaux wakes early most mornings before her children, to do breathing exercises.
丽莎·玛丽·德莱沃 (Lisa Marie Deleveaux) 是一名营销专业人士，也是五个孩子的母亲。她几个月前失业了，一直在努力寻找新工作。大多数早晨，德莱沃都会比孩子们早起床，进行呼吸练习。
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The world's first wooden satellite was launched into space on Tuesday, soaring its way towards the International Space Station. Developed by a team at Kyoto University, the palm-sized box, named LignoSat was crafted from a magnolia tree.
世界上第一颗木质外壳的卫星于本周二发射升空，飞向了国际空间站。这颗人造卫星由京都大学的一个团队研发，是一个只有手掌大小的盒子，被叫做 “木质卫星（LignoSat）”，是用一棵木兰属的乔木制成。
It will spend six months in orbit 400km above the Earth, where temperatures fluctuate from -100C to 100C, testing to see if wood could be a feasible space-grade material. Researchers say with no water or oxygen to rot or inflame it, wood is much more durable in space than it is on Earth.
这颗人造卫星将在距地表 400 公里的轨道上运行六个月，从而检测木材是否是一种可行的太空材料，因为那里的温度在零下 100 摄氏度到 100 摄氏度之间波动。研究人员说，由于太空中没有水或氧气来使其腐烂或燃烧，木材在太空中远比在地球上更加坚固耐用。
And when the mission is over, the decommissioned satellite will burn up on its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. With no screws or glue, it will emit far fewer pollutants than ordinary metal satellites. Scientists hope it's the first step in a 50-year plan to build timber houses on the Moon and Mars.
本次任务结束后，退役的卫星将在重返地球大气层时烧尽。由于没有使用任何螺丝或胶水，它将比普通的金属人造卫星排放的污染物更少。科学家们希望这次实验能够成为一项在月球和火星上建造木质房屋的 50 年计划的第一步。
词汇表
soaring 向高处飞
magnolia 木兰属的
fluctuate 波动，起伏不定
feasible 可行的
rot 使…腐烂
inflame 使…燃烧
decommissioned 退役的
pollutants 污染物
timber 木材
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Have you ever bumped into someone and their name just doesn't come to you? Or, you walk into a room and suddenly can't recall why you're there? Being forgetful can be really annoying, sometimes even embarrassing. But what if I told you that there are actually good reasons for our memories fading away?
您是否曾经遇到过某人，但您却想不起他的名字？或者，您走进一个房间，突然想不起自己为什么在那里？健忘真的很烦人，有时甚至令人尴尬。但如果我告诉你，我们的记忆消失实际上有充分的理由呢？
In a BBC interview, neuroscientist Charan Ranganath uses a hoarding analogy. We don't tend to store everything we've ever owned in our house. Similarly, we don't need to store all our memories either. He says, "If we didn't forget anything, we'd be hoarding memories, and you'd never be able to find what you want, when you want it." For example, you don't need to remember the hotel number weeks after you've left the hotel or memorise all the faces you pass on the street.
在接受英国广播公司 (BBC) 采访时，神经科学家查兰·兰加纳特 (Charan Ranganath) 使用了囤积的比喻。我们不倾向于将我们曾经拥有的所有东西都存放在家里。同样，我们也不需要存储所有的记忆。他说：“如果我们不忘记任何事情，我们就会囤积记忆，而当你想要的时候，你永远无法找到你想要的东西。” 例如，您不需要在离开酒店几周后记住酒店号码或记住您在街上经过的所有面孔。
We also need to be able to forget things in order to update our memories with new information. Imagine you get used to the same school timetable or work schedule for a whole year, but the next year, you have new procedures or routines. Your brain needs to be flexible and forget irrelevant details in order to handle the new information. Or, maybe it's been 10 years since you last saw a distant relative. It's likely their face has changed a lot since then, so that memory needs to be updated as well.
我们还需要能够忘记事情，以便用新信息更新我们的记忆。想象一下，您一整年都习惯了相同的学校时间表或工作时间表，但明年，您就有了新的程序或惯例。你的大脑需要灵活并忘记不相关的细节才能处理新信息。或者，也许你已经有十年没有见到远房亲戚了。从那以后他们的脸很可能发生了很大的变化，所以记忆也需要更新。
And, if you've ever been convinced that you know a word, but it just doesn't pop into your head, you're not alone. This tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon may suggest that some things are not fully forgotten, just currently inaccessible. Those with a higher level of knowledge are more affected by this, according to studies such as 'Impact of knowledge and age on tip-of-the-tongue rates', because their brains have to sort through more information to find the word.
而且，如果您曾经确信自己认识一个单词，但它只是没有出现在您的脑海中，那么您并不孤单。这种舌尖现象可能表明有些事情并没有完全被遗忘，只是目前无法访问。根据“知识和年龄对舌尖率的影响”等研究，那些知识水平较高的人受此影响更大，因为他们的大脑必须整理更多信息才能找到单词。
Memories are sometimes compared to a cliff: once they have crumbled, they are lost and cannot be retrieved. However, in their article 'Forgetfulness: Why your mind going blank can be a benefit', Sanjay Sarma and Luke Yoquinto write that forgetting, it seems, is "less like a cliff slowly collapsing into the sea, and more like a house deep in the woods that becomes harder and harder to find".
记忆有时被比作悬崖：一旦崩塌，它们就会消失，无法挽回。然而，桑杰·萨尔马（Sanjay Sarma）和卢克·约昆托（Luke Yoquinto）在他们的文章《健忘：为什么你的大脑一片空白会带来好处》中写道，遗忘似乎“不像是慢慢塌陷到大海中的悬崖，而更像是一座深藏在大海中的房子”。树林变得越来越难找到”。
词汇表
come to (someone) 突然被…想起、记起
recall 回想起，记起
forgetful 健忘的
fade away 渐渐消失
neuroscientist 神经科学家
hoard 囤积，贮藏
store 保存，储存
memorise 记住，记忆
update 更新
flexible 灵活的，弹性的
pop into 出现
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon 话到嘴边却想不起来的现象
sort through 筛选，整理
retrieve 重新取回，找回
go blank （想法）一片空白 -
While the older generation enjoys island life, their children have moved to the city after going there to attend school.
老一辈人享受海岛生活，而他们的孩子则在上学后搬到了城市。
This has left an aging population. The island's youngest residents are in their 50s. Conservation experts worry about the island's future. No one is permitted to move to the island from the city. In 2001, the government said the island was safe from changes until changes are required for development.
这导致了人口老龄化。岛上最年轻的居民只有50多岁。保护专家担心该岛的未来。任何人都不允许从城市搬到岛上。2001年，政府表示，在开发需要改变之前，该岛不会受到任何改变。
At the height of its popularity, almost 4,000 people lived on the island. They worked in granite quarries and on farms. But the largest quarry closed in 1970. Then, many people moved to the city where a policy to develop industry grew the economy and covered a once-struggling nation in new developments, roads and factories.
在其鼎盛时期，岛上居住着近 4,000 人。他们在花岗岩采石场和农场工作。但最大的采石场于 1970 年关闭。随后，许多人搬到了这座城市，那里的工业发展政策促进了经济增长，并为这个曾经陷入困境的国家带来了新的发展、道路和工厂。
Each June for the past nine years, Singaporean officials have celebrated "Ubin Day." The goal is to help people value and love the island's heritage and ecosystem, the National Parks Board says on its website.
过去九年来，每年六月，新加坡官员都会庆祝“乌敏日”。国家公园委员会在其网站上表示，其目标是帮助人们重视和热爱该岛的遗产和生态系统。
Games and enrichment booths mark the celebration. So do plans for the island's future.
游戏和丰富摊位标志着庆祝活动。该岛的未来计划也是如此。
In 1991, the government stopped a plan to extend the subway to the island. Now there are talks about saving the island for future generations. But there will come a day when no one will live there anymore.
1991年，政府叫停了将地铁延伸到岛上的计划。现在正在讨论为子孙后代拯救这个岛屿。但有一天，那里将不再有人居住。
"The old people have died off, one by one…,” said Chu. He told Reuters that young people do not want to stay.
“老人已经一一去世了……”楚说。他告诉路透社，年轻人不想留下来。
Koh said she hoped officials would let more people stay in guesthouses. "Not the high-end ones but the kampung-type," she added, using the Malay term for a village.
Koh说，她希望官员能让更多人入住宾馆。“不是高端的，而是甘榜式的，”她补充道，用马来语来形容村庄。
Lim Csye See is a 69-year-old who runs a bicycle rental shop. Lim said he did not want the island to become like Sentosa, Singapore’s theme park island which is crowded with costly hotels and homes.
Lim Csye See 是一位 69 岁的老人，经营一家自行车租赁店。林说，他不希望该岛变得像新加坡的主题公园岛圣淘沙那样，那里挤满了昂贵的酒店和住宅。
"If this place becomes like Sentosa, then that's the end," said Lim.
“如果这个地方变得像圣淘沙一样，那就结束了，”林说。
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A short boat ride from the wealthy city-state of Singapore is something rare – a small, quiet island.
距离富裕的城邦新加坡只有很短的船程，这是一个罕见的小而安静的岛屿。
People living on Pulau Ubin still talk about the arrival of solar power 11 years ago. They call it a “miracle.”
生活在乌敏岛上的人们至今仍谈论着十一年前太阳能的到来。他们称之为“奇迹”。
Although the electricity was expensive, Chu Yok Choon said he loved the convenience. He could just press a button, and a pump would send water to his home from the village well. Until 2013, Chu had to carry water from the well by hand and use generators to provide electricity.
尽管电费昂贵，但朱育春说他喜欢这种便利。他只需按一下按钮，水泵就会从村里的井里把水送到他家。直到2013年，朱先生还得用手从井里打水，并用发电机提供电力。
Chu is one of 30 people living on Pulau Ubin. The island measures only 10 square kilometers. He spoke to Reuters recently and compared life on the island to life in Singapore, or as he calls it, the mainland.
Chu是居住在乌敏岛的30人之一。该岛面积只有10平方公里。他最近接受路透社采访，并将岛上的生活与新加坡（或者他所说的大陆）的生活进行了比较。
"Life on the mainland doesn't feel natural," said the 79-year-old. "Life here is quieter."
“大陆的生活感觉不太自然，”这位 79 岁的老人说。“这里的生活比较安静。
”Pulau Ubin includes forest areas and wetlands. The wetlands were once under threat from development until the plans were postponed.
乌敏岛包括森林地区和湿地。湿地一度受到开发的威胁，直到计划被推迟。
The island offers visitors walks along thick greenery and lakes that were formed from rock quarries. They can ride bicycles on roads free of vehicles and eat seafood meals by the water's edge.
岛上的游客可以沿着茂密的绿色植物和采石场形成的湖泊散步。他们可以在没有车辆的道路上骑自行车，在水边吃海鲜大餐。
For those living in Singapore, the island is an escape. It can be reached in about 10 minutes by ferry. But for those who live on the island, those ferry rides can be inconvenient. Trips to the mainland to buy food and other necessities can be delayed.
对于居住在新加坡的人来说，这座岛屿是一个逃离喧嚣的地方。乘坐渡轮约10分钟即可到达。但对于住在岛上的人来说，乘坐渡轮可能会很不方便。前往大陆购买食物和其他必需品的行程可能会被推迟。
Also, ferries can be costly. For visits to the city, Chu said he would have to wait until the ferry filled up with 12 passengers. Each person pays $3. This cost is similar to Singapore's public transportation. But if he is in a hurry, he would have to pay $36 for the whole boat.
此外，渡轮也可能很贵。朱说，要前往这座城市，他必须等到渡轮载满 12 名乘客。每人支付3美元。这个费用与新加坡的公共交通类似。但如果他赶时间，他就得为整艘船支付 36 美元。
Still, the residents stay. They say they are enjoying a life different from the busy, stressful conditions in the city.
尽管如此，居民还是留下来了。他们说，他们正在享受一种不同于城市忙碌、压力的生活。
"The energy is so fantastic," said 54-year-old Koh Bee Choo. She lives in a house on top of wooden supports that extends out over the water.
“能量真是太棒了，”54 岁的 Koh Bee Choo 说道。她住在一所房子里，房子的顶部有木支撑，延伸到水面上。
"I go for morning walks and I absorb the energy in the jungle," added Koh. She lived in Singapore for nearly five years but returned to the island to run a bicycle rental shop.
“我早上去散步，吸收丛林中的能量，”Koh 补充道。她在新加坡生活了近五年，然后回到岛上经营一家自行车租赁店。
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Sampayo, too, communicates her worldview through her textiles. Though she does not paint, she embroiders, and each thread tells a tale from home.
Sampayo 也通过纺织品传达她的世界观。虽然她不画画，但她会刺绣，每一根线都讲述着一个家乡的故事。
“Each plant has a spirit,” said the healer, pointing to the leaves embroidered in the cloth. “And medicinal plants come from God.”
“每种植物都有灵魂，”治疗师指着布上绣的叶子说道。“而药用植物来自上帝。
” The plants painted by Silvano also bear meaning. One of them represents pure love. Another represents a wise man. And another, a serpent.
西尔瓦诺画的植物也具有意义。其中之一代表纯洁的爱情。另一个代表智者。还有一条，一条蛇。
“The anaconda is special for us,” Silvano said. “It’s our protector, like a god that cares for us and provides food and water.”
“水蚺对我们来说很特别，”西尔瓦诺说。“它是我们的保护者，就像神一样关心我们并提供食物和水。
” In ancient times, she said, her people believed that the sun was their father, and the anacondas were their guardians. Colonization brought Catholicism and their worldview changed.
她说，在远古时代，她的人民相信太阳是他们的父亲，而水蟒是他们的守护者。殖民带来了天主教，他们的世界观也发生了变化。
“Nowadays we have different religions...but we respect our other beliefs too,” Silvano said.
“现在我们有不同的宗教......但我们也尊重我们的其他信仰，”西尔瓦诺说。
For many years, after her father took her to Lima hoping for a better future, she thought of her time in the jungle. Life in Paoyhan was not easy, but she learned to be strong at a young age.
多年来，当她的父亲带她去利马希望有更美好的未来时，她一直想起自己在丛林中的时光。宝涵的生活并不好过，但她从小就学会了坚强。
“When we encounter difficult times, we overcome them with our therapy: designing, painting, singing,” Silvano said. “We have a song that is melodic and heals our soul, and another one that is inspiring and brings us joy.”
“当我们遇到困难时，我们会通过设计、绘画、唱歌等疗法来克服它们，”西尔瓦诺说。“我们有一首歌旋律优美，治愈我们的灵魂，另一首歌鼓舞人心，给我们带来欢乐。
” Few Shipibo girls are told to study or make a living of their own, Silvano said. Instead, they are taught to wait for a husband. And once married, they are taught to deal with problems, difficulties, or bad treatment.
西尔瓦诺说，很少有希皮博女孩被告知要自己学习或谋生。相反，她们被教导要等待丈夫。一旦结婚，他们就会被教导如何处理问题、困难或不良待遇。
“Even though we suffer, people tell us: Take it, he’s the father of your children. Take it, he is your husband,” Silvano said. “But deep inside, we are wounded. So what do we do? We sing.”
“尽管我们很痛苦，但人们告诉我们：接受吧，他是你们孩子的父亲。接受吧，他是你的丈夫。”西尔瓦诺说道。“但在内心深处，我们受伤了。那么我们该怎么办呢？我们唱歌。
” The lesson is taught by mothers to daughters: If you are hurt at home, grab your cloth, your brush and leave. Go far away, alone, and sit. Connect with your kené and paint. And while you paint, sing.
母亲们给女儿们上的一课是：如果你在家里受伤了，拿起你的布、你的刷子就走。独自走远，坐下。与您的 kené 联系并进行绘画。当你画画的时候，唱歌。
“That’s our healing,” Silvano said. “Through our songs, our kenés, we are free.”
“这就是我们的治愈方法，”西尔瓦诺说。“通过我们的歌曲、我们的肯尼斯，我们获得了自由。”
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The 36-year-old Peruvian artist Sadith Silvano makes creations born of ancient songs.
36 岁的秘鲁艺术家 Sadith Silvano 的创作源自古老的歌曲。
Brush in hand, eyes on the cloth, the Peruvian woman paints as she sings. And through her voice, her ancestors speak.
这位秘鲁妇女手里拿着画笔，眼睛盯着布料，边唱歌边画画。她的祖先通过她的声音说话。
“When we paint, we listen to the inspiration that comes from the music and connect to nature, to our elders,” said Silvano.
“当我们绘画时，我们聆听来自音乐的灵感，并与自然、我们的长辈建立联系，”西尔瓦诺说。
The artist now lives and works in Lima, Peru, where she moved 20 years ago from Paoyhan. It is a Shipibo-Konibo Indigenous community located in the Amazon.
这位艺术家二十年前从保伊汉搬到了秘鲁利马，现在生活和工作在秘鲁利马。这是位于亚马逊地区的希皮博-科尼博土著社区。
“These pieces are sacred,” she added. “We bless our work with the energy of our songs.”
“这些作品是神圣的，”她补充道。“我们用歌曲的能量来祝福我们的工作。”
Official data says close to 33,000 Shipibo-Konibo people live in Peru. They are believed to come from the surroundings of the Uyacali river. Many moved to urban areas like Cantagallo, the Lima neighborhood where Silvano lives.
官方数据显示，秘鲁有近 33,000 名希皮博-科尼博人。据信它们来自乌亚卡利河周围地区。许多人搬到了城市地区，比如西尔瓦诺居住的利马社区坎塔加洛。
Hand-painted textiles like the ones she makes have slowly gained recognition. Known as “kené,” these works were declared part of the “Cultural Heritage of the Nation” by the Peruvian government in 2008.
像她制作的手绘纺织品慢慢获得了认可。这些被称为“kené”的作品于 2008 年被秘鲁政府宣布为“国家文化遗产”的一部分。
Each kené is special, Shipibo craftswomen say. Every design speaks of a woman’s community, her worldview and beliefs.
Shipibo 女工匠说，每件 kené 都很特别。每件设计都讲述了女性的社区、她的世界观和信仰。
“Every design tells a story,” Silvano said while dressed in traditional clothing. “It is a way in which a Shipibo woman distinguishes herself.”
“每一个设计都讲述一个故事，”身着传统服装的西尔瓦诺说道。“这是 Shipibo 女性与众不同的一种方式。”
Paoyhan, where Silvano was born, is far from Lima. To get there requires an airplane flight and a 12-hour boat trip.
西尔瓦诺出生的保伊汉距离利马很远。到达那里需要乘坐飞机和 12 小时的船程。
In her hometown, locals rarely speak languages other than Shipibo. Doors and windows there have no locks.
在她的家乡，当地人很少说除什皮博以外的语言。那里的门窗都没有锁。
Adela Sampayo, a 48-year-old healer who was born not too far from Paoyhan, moved to Cantagallo in 2000.
Adela Sampayo 是一位 48 岁的治疗师，出生在离 Paoyhan 不远的地方，2000 年搬到了坎塔加洛。
But she says that all her skills come from the Amazon River area.
但她说她所有的技能都来自亚马逊河地区。
“Since I was a little girl, my mom treated me with traditional medicine,” said Sampayo. “She gave me plants to become stronger, to avoid getting sick, to be courageous,” she added. “That’s how the energy of the plants started growing inside me.”
“从我还是个小女孩的时候起，我妈妈就用传统药物治疗我，”桑帕约说。“她给了我植物让我变得更强壮、避免生病、变得勇敢，”她补充道。“这就是植物的能量开始在我体内生长的方式。”
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Scientists say ancient footprints left in wet dirt on a Kenyan lakeside suggest that two early human ancestors were neighbors about 1.5 million years ago.
科学家表示，肯尼亚湖畔湿泥土中留下的古代脚印表明，大约 150 万年前，两个早期人类祖先是邻居。
Two separate species made the sets of footprints “within a matter of hours, or at most days,” said paleontologist Louise Leakey, a writer of the research published recently in the journal Science. Paleontologists study fossils to learn about the history of life on Earth.
最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这项研究的作者、古生物学家路易丝·利基 (Louise Leakey) 说，两个不同的物种“在几个小时内，或者最多几天内”就留下了这组脚印。古生物学家研究化石是为了了解地球上生命的历史。
Scientists already knew from earlier fossil finds that these two extinct lines of human development – called Homo erectus and Paranthropus boisei – lived about the same time in the Turkana Basin.
科学家们从早期的化石发现中已经知道，这两个已灭绝的人类进化谱系——直立人和博伊西傍人——大约同时生活在图尔卡纳盆地。
But dating fossils is not exact. “It’s plus or minus a few thousand years,” said paleontologist William Harcourt-Smith of Lehman College and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. He was not involved in the study
但化石年代测定并不准确。“这正负了几千年，”纽约雷曼学院和美国自然历史博物馆的古生物学家威廉·哈考特·史密斯说。他没有参与这项研究
Yet with fossil footprints, “there’s an actual moment in time preserved,” he said. “It’s an amazing discovery.”
然而，有了化石足迹，“就保存了一个真实的时间点，”他说。“这是一个惊人的发现。
” Researchers found the fossil footprints in 2021 in what is today Koobi Fora, Kenya, said Leaky, who is based at Stony Brook University in New York.
纽约石溪大学的 Leaky 表示，研究人员于 2021 年在今天的肯尼亚库比福拉发现了化石足迹。
Study co-writer Kevin Hatala is a paleoanthropologist at Chatham University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He said the two species likely knew of each other’s existence whether they left the prints at the same time or a day or two apart.
研究合著者凯文·哈塔拉是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡查塔姆大学的古人类学家。他说，这两个物种很可能知道彼此的存在，无论它们是同时留下的脚印还是相隔一两天留下的脚印。
“They probably saw each other, probably knew each other was there and probably influenced each other in some way,” Hatala said.
哈塔拉说：“他们可能见过对方，可能知道对方在那里，并且可能以某种方式互相影响。
” Scientists were able to tell the difference between the two species because of the shape of the footprints. The shape of each informed researchers about the structure of the foot and how it was being used at the time.
由于脚印的形状，科学家们能够区分这两个物种。每个脚的形状都让研究人员了解脚的结构以及当时的使用方式。
Homo erectus appeared to be walking similarly to how modern humans walk – striking the ground heel first, then moving weight over the ball of the foot and toes and pushing off again.
直立人的行走方式似乎与现代人的行走方式类似——脚跟先着地，然后将重量转移到脚掌和脚趾上，然后再次推出。
The other species, which was also walking upright, was moving “in a different way from anything else we’ve seen before, anywhere else,” said co-writer Erin Marie Williams-Hatala, a human development anatomist at Chatham.
另一种物种也是直立行走，其移动方式“与我们之前在其他地方见过的任何其他物种都不同”，查塔姆人类发育解剖学家、合著者艾琳·玛丽·威廉姆斯-哈塔拉（Erin Marie Williams-Hatala）说。
Among other details, the footprints suggest greater ability of movement in their big toe, compared to Homo erectus or modern humans, said Hatala.
哈塔拉说，除其他细节外，这些脚印表明，与直立人或现代人类相比，他们的大脚趾具有更强的运动能力。
Our common primate ancestors probably had hands and feet fit for grasping branches. But, over time, the feet of human ancestors developed to permit walking upright, researchers say.
我们共同的灵长类祖先可能有适合抓握树枝的手和脚。但研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，人类祖先的脚进化到可以直立行走。
The new study adds to a growing amount of research that suggests the change to walking on two feet did not happen at a single moment, in a single way.
越来越多的研究表明，双脚行走的改变并不是在某一时刻以单一方式发生的，这项新研究是对这一结果的补充。
Instead, there may have been a number of ways that early humans learned to walk, run and slide on prehistoric muddy hills.
相反，早期人类可能通过多种方式学会了在史前泥泞的山丘上行走、跑步和滑行。
“It turns out, there are different gait mechanics – different ways of being bipedal,” said Harcourt-Smith. “
事实证明，存在不同的步态机制——双足行走的不同方式，”哈考特-史密斯说。
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A new study reports that more than 800 million adults have diabetes worldwide. And more than half of those aged over 30 who have the condition are not receiving treatment.
一项新研究报告称，全球有超过 8 亿成年人患有糖尿病。超过一半的 30 岁以上患有这种疾病的人没有接受治疗。
Diabetes is a disease in which your blood sugar level is too high. If untreated, it can damage the heart, blood vessels, nerves and other organs.
糖尿病是一种血糖水平过高的疾病。如果不及时治疗，可能会损害心脏、血管、神经和其他器官。
The study, recently published in the publication Lancet, found that around 828 million people aged 18 and older had diabetes worldwide in 2022. Among those 30 and older, the study said 445 million, or 59 percent, were not receiving treatment.
这项最近发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的研究发现，到 2022 年，全球 18 岁及以上的人约有 8.28 亿患有糖尿病。研究称，在 30 岁及以上的人中，有 4.45 亿人（即 59%）没有接受治疗。
The study was done by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration and the World Health Organization (WHO). It is the first worldwide evaluation based on more than 1,000 studies involving more than 140 million people.
该研究由非传染性疾病风险因素协作组织和世界卫生组织 (WHO) 共同完成。这是首次基于 1,000 多项研究（涉及超过 1.4 亿人）的全球评估。
The WHO estimated that the number of people living with diabetes worldwide rose from 200 million in 1990 to about 830 million in 2022. The study’s researchers say the increase has been caused largely by rising cases in low- and middle-income countries. Treatments in those countries have not kept up with the rise, while the situation has improved in some higher-income countries.
世界卫生组织估计，全球糖尿病患者人数从 1990 年的 2 亿增加到 2022 年的约 8.3 亿。该研究的研究人员表示，这一增长主要是由于低收入和中等收入国家的病例增加造成的。这些国家的治疗水平没有跟上增长的步伐，而一些高收入国家的情况有所改善。
WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement that the increase shown in the study was shocking. “To bring the global diabetes epidemic under control, countries must urgently take action," he said. Those actions should include policies supporting healthy diets and physical activity, as well as health systems that can prevent, identify and treat the condition.
世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士在一份声明中表示，研究显示的增长令人震惊。他说：“为了控制全球糖尿病流行，各国必须紧急采取行动。”这些行动应包括支持健康饮食和身体活动的政策，以及能够预防、识别和治疗这种疾病的卫生系统。
Jean Claude Mbanya is a professor at the University of Yaounde I in Cameroon. He said that in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, only 5-10 percent of those estimated to have diabetes were getting treatment. He added that treating diabetes, either with insulin or drugs, can be costly. "A huge number (are) at risk of serious health complications," he said.
让·克洛德·姆巴尼亚 (Jean Claude Mbanya) 是喀麦隆雅温得第一大学的教授。他说，在撒哈拉以南非洲的部分地区，估计患有糖尿病的人中只有 5-10% 正在接受治疗。他补充说，用胰岛素或药物治疗糖尿病可能会花费昂贵。“很多人面临严重健康并发症的风险，”他说。
Some of the largest improvements, 25 to 37 percentage points, happened in countries in Latin America, central and western Europe, Canada, South Korea, Russia, Seychelles, and Jordan.
拉丁美洲、中欧和西欧、加拿大、韩国、俄罗斯、塞舌尔和约旦等国家的进步最大，提高了 25 至 37 个百分点。
The WHO says the number of deaths caused by diabetes has been increasing since 2000. In 2021, the disease was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths.
世界卫生组织表示，自2000年以来，糖尿病导致的死亡人数一直在增加。2021年，该疾病是导致160万人死亡的直接原因。
The health agency says symptoms of diabetes may happen suddenly or take many years to be noticed. They include:
卫生机构表示，糖尿病的症状可能会突然出现，也可能需要很多年才能被注意到。它们包括：
feeling very thirsty
感觉很渴
needing to urinate more often than usual
需要比平常更频繁地小便
blurred vision
视力模糊
feeling tired
感觉疲倦
losing weight
减肥
The best way to prevent or delay the illness, the WHO says, is to make lifestyle changes. For example:
世界卫生组织表示，预防或延缓疾病的最佳方法是改变生活方式。例如：
keeping a healthy body weight
保持健康的体重
staying active with at least 150 minutes of exercise each week
保持活跃，每周至少锻炼 150 分钟
eating a healthy diet and avoiding sugar and saturated fat
健康饮食，避免糖和饱和脂肪
not smoking tobacco.
不吸烟。
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The archaeologists found the site under the jungle canopy in the southeastern state of Campeche by accident during an internet search. A PhD student spotted a radar survey posted by an environmental organisation that could peer through thick vegetation.
考古学家们在一次互联网搜索中意外地在丛林树冠下发现了这处位于墨西哥东南部坎佩切州的遗址。一名博士生注意到了一个环境监测组织发布的雷达测绘图，这个雷达可以透过茂密的植被进行勘测。
Using archaeological tools, the researchers were able to see evidence of nearly 7,000 buildings and a huge city they called Valeriana. Valeriana had temple pyramids, plazas, houses, causeways and reservoirs, and may have been home to up to 50,000 people in the 9th century. Luke Auld-Thomas from Tulane University says it reveals the complexity of Mayan society.
借由考古学工具，研究人员能看到近七千栋建筑物以及一座巨大的城市存在的证据，他们把这座城市称为瓦莱里亚纳（Valeriana）。瓦莱里亚纳建有许多神庙金字塔、广场、房屋、堤道和蓄水池，并且在公元九世纪时可能有 5 万人居住在此。杜兰大学的卢克·奥尔德-托马斯表示这座城市展现了玛雅社会的复杂性。
But war, climate change and the Spanish invasion led to the demise of most Mayans. Their descendants still live in the region today, their ancient cities buried beneath their feet.
但是，战争、气候变化和西班牙的入侵导致了大多数玛雅人的死亡。玛雅人的后代如今依然生活在这个地区。他们古老的城市已经被掩埋在了他们脚下。
词汇表
archaeologists 考古学家
jungle canopy 丛林树冠
spotted 注意到，发现了
peer through 透过…看
plazas 广场
causeways 堤道
reservoirs 蓄水池
demise 死亡
descendants 后代
buried 掩埋
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That email you didn't send, the calculation you misread, the realisation that the deadline was yesterday... all followed by a sinking feeling, a quickening of the breath and the realisation that it's your fault. Fear not! Handled well, a mistake at work can become a great opportunity.
你没有发送的那封电子邮件，你误读的计算，意识到截止日期是昨天......所有这些都伴随着一种沮丧的感觉，呼吸加快，并意识到这是你的错。 不要害怕！ 如果处理得当，工作中的错误可以成为一个很好的机会。
Start by owning up to it. It may be tempting to cover up a mistake, but any deception is unlikely to last for long and could delay attempts to put right the problem. And that's next – try to resolve the problems that you've created. Being proactive and coming to your manager with suggestions is likely to help you regain trust. Psychologists tell us that we tend to have a negativity bias – we are more likely to remember negative things. This is why executive coach Dina Denham Smith tells us we need to make our progress in fixing the issue clear and visible. It's also important to apologise. Showing genuine remorse demonstrates that we can take ownership of our blunders.
首先要承认这一点。 掩盖错误可能很诱人，但任何欺骗都不太可能持续很长时间，并且可能会延迟纠正问题的尝试。 接下来就是尝试解决你所造成的问题。 积极主动并向经理提出建议可能会帮助您重新获得信任。 心理学家告诉我们，我们往往有消极偏见——我们更有可能记住消极的事情。 这就是为什么执行教练迪娜·德纳姆·史密斯告诉我们，我们需要让解决问题的进展变得清晰可见。 道歉也很重要。 表现出真正的悔恨表明我们可以承担自己的错误。
As well as looking at how we make amends for our mix-ups to other people, we also need to be honest with ourselves. Removing emotion is important. Shame from making a mistake can cloud our judgement when deciding how to respond. It can also affect our perception of the mistake's seriousness – it's easy to exaggerate how bad something really is. Everyone makes mistakes. What's really important is how we address them. It's important to be reflective. Consider if there's an underlying cause for the mistake, and how to prevent future slip-ups. It can also be useful to seek advice from someone who's had similar experiences in the past. Combined with our own reflections, this can be a powerful way to grow in our job and be more successful.
除了考虑如何弥补对他人的误解之外，我们还需要对自己诚实。 消除情绪很重要。 犯错误所带来的羞耻感会影响我们在决定如何应对时的判断力。 它还会影响我们对错误严重性的看法——很容易夸大事情的严重程度。 每个人都会犯错误。 真正重要的是我们如何解决这些问题。 反思很重要。 考虑是否存在导致错误的根本原因，以及如何防止将来出现失误。 向过去有过类似经历的人寻求建议也很有用。 结合我们自己的反思，这可能是我们工作成长和取得更大成功的有力途径。
Academics Jasmine Virhia and Grace Lordan highlight research showing that workplaces which replace fear and blame around mistakes with opportunities for self-reflection are more psychologically safe. This allows people to learn from their mistakes, grow their skills, improve processes and ultimately productivity. Handled in the right way, by both employees and employers, mistakes can become a powerful tool for improvement.
学者 Jasmine Virhia 和 Grace Lordan 强调研究表明，用自我反思的机会取代对错误的恐惧和责备的工作场所在心理上更安全。 这使人们能够从错误中吸取教训，提高技能，改进流程并最终提高生产力。 如果员工和雇主都以正确的方式处理错误，错误可以成为改进的有力工具。
词汇表
deadline 截止日期
sinking feeling 对即将发生的坏事的担忧和不安
quickening 加速
fault 过错，责任
own up 承认或坦白（错误）
cover up 掩盖
deception 欺骗
put right 纠正
resolve 解决
proactive 积极的，主动的
regain trust 重获信任
negativity bias 消极偏见，更倾向于关注和记忆负面的事情
remorse 悔恨，自责
take ownership 承担责任和义务
blunder 愚蠢的错误
make amends 做出弥补
mix-up 错误
cloud one's judgement 影响某人的判断
perception 认知，看法
address 处理，解决
reflective 自省的，反思的
underlying 根本的，潜在的
slip-up 失误
reflection 反思，深思
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Police suspected someone was stealing shoes from a children’s school in southwestern Japan. But a security camera caught the thief in action. It was a weasel!
警方怀疑有人从日本西南部的一所儿童学校偷鞋子。但监控摄像头捕捉到了小偷的行动。那是一只黄鼠狼！
The small animal with a long body and short legs usually hunts for rats and rabbits. But this one was hunting for children’s shoes.
这种身体长、腿短的小动物通常捕食老鼠和兔子。但这是在寻找童鞋。
After the children’s shoes began disappearing, police put in place three security cameras in the school in Fukuoka in southern Japan. Soon after, recorded video showed a weasel with a small shoe in its mouth.
童鞋开始失踪后，警方在日本南部福冈的学校安装了三个安全摄像头。不久之后，录制的视频显示一只黄鼠狼嘴里叼着一只小鞋子。
“It’s great it turned out not to be a human being,” Deputy Police Chief Hiroaki Inada told The Associated Press recently. Teachers and parents had feared the thief could be a person with mental health problems.
“很高兴它不是人类，”副警察局长稻田弘明最近告诉美联社。老师和家长担心小偷可能是一个有心理健康问题的人。
Japanese often take their shoes off before entering homes. The shoes that disappeared were all slip-ons the children wore indoors, stored in special spaces near the door.
日本人进屋前经常脱鞋。消失的鞋子都是孩子们在室内穿的懒人鞋，存放在靠近门的特殊空间里。
Weasels are known to hide items. People who keep weasels as pets give them toys so they can hide them.
黄鼠狼以隐藏物品而闻名。饲养黄鼠狼作为宠物的人会给它们玩具，这样它们就可以隐藏它们。
The weasel moved shoes around and took 15 of them before police were called. Six more were taken the following day. The weasel returned to steal one more shoe. The video of that theft was seen the next day.
黄鼠狼四处移动鞋子，并在报警之前拿走了其中的 15 只鞋子。第二天，又有六人被带走。黄鼠狼又回来偷了一只鞋子。第二天就看到了那次盗窃的视频。
The shoe-loving weasel only took the white indoor shoes made of canvas, likely because they are light to carry.
喜欢穿鞋的黄鼠狼只穿了白色的帆布室内鞋，可能是因为它们携带起来很轻。
“We were so relieved,” the school’s kindergarten director Yoshihide Saito told Japanese broadcaster RKB Mainichi Broadcasting.
“我们松了一口气，”该校幼儿园园长斋藤义秀 (Yoshihide Saito) 告诉日本广播公司 RKB Mainichi Broadcasting。
The children got a good laugh when they saw the weasel in the video.
当孩子们看到视频中的黄鼠狼时，哈哈大笑。
Although the stolen shoes were never found, the remaining shoes are now safely behind netting that covers the storage spaces.
尽管被盗的鞋子从未被发现，但剩余的鞋子现在安全地位于覆盖存储空间的网后面。
The weasel, which is believed to be wild, is still on the loose.
这只黄鼠狼被认为是野生的，但仍然逍遥法外。
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Since its start in 2012, GivingTuesday, the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, has become one of the biggest money-raising days of the year for nonprofits in the United States.
自 2012 年启动以来，GivingTuesday（感恩节后的星期二）已成为美国非营利组织一年中最大的筹款日之一。
In 2022 and 2023, GivingTuesday raised $3.1 billion for charity, or aid, organizations, as estimated by GivingTuesday.
据 GivingTuesday 估计，2022 年和 2023 年，GivingTuesday 为慈善机构或援助组织筹集了 31 亿美元。
This year, GivingTuesday is on December 3.
今年的 GivingTuesday 是 12 月 3 日。
The #GivingTuesday hashtag started as a project of the 92nd Street Y in New York City in 2012. It became an independent organization in 2020. It has grown into a worldwide organization of local groups that support giving in their communities, often on different dates that have local importance, like holidays.
#GivingTuesday 标签最初是 2012 年纽约市第 92 街 Y 的一个项目。它于 2020 年成为一个独立组织。它已发展成为一个由本地团体组成的全球性组织，这些团体支持在其社区中进行捐赠，通常在不同的日期进行捐赠。具有当地的重要性，例如假期。
Now, GivingTuesday, the nonprofit, also gathers researchers studying everyday giving. It also collects data from wide sources like payment processors, crowdfunding sites, employee giving software and organizations that offer charitable giving.
现在，非营利组织 GivingTuesday 也聚集了研究日常捐赠的研究人员。它还从支付处理商、众筹网站、员工捐赠软件和提供慈善捐赠的组织等广泛来源收集数据。
For nonprofits, the point of GivingTuesday is to raise money and engage their supporters. Many nonprofits will organize fundraising campaigns with email and mail appeals that arrive on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving.
对于非营利组织来说，GivingTuesday 的目的是筹集资金并吸引支持者。许多非营利组织将通过电子邮件和邮寄呼吁组织筹款活动，这些呼吁将于感恩节后的周二送达。
Nonprofits do not have to be linked in any way with GivingTuesday, the organization, to run a fundraising campaign. GivingTuesday will still provide them with graphics and advice. In that way, it remains a grassroots effort with groups and donors taking part as they like.
非营利组织无需与 GivingTuesday 组织有任何联系即可开展筹款活动。GivingTuesday 仍将为他们提供图表和建议。这样，它仍然是一项基层努力，团体和捐助者可以随意参与。
GivingTuesday has grown far beyond its early days when it mainly pushed for giving on social media. The day has become a well-known event that seeks to center charitable giving and volunteering in the U.S. and around the world.
GivingTuesday 的发展远远超出了其早期主要推动社交媒体捐赠的时代。这一天已成为一项众所周知的活动，旨在集中美国和世界各地的慈善捐赠和志愿服务。
For years, GivingTuesday has been a major focus of fundraising for nonprofits, with many seeking to organize matching donations from major donors. It is the beginning of the end-of-year fundraising race as nonprofits seek to reach their budget targets for the following year.
多年来，GivingTuesday 一直是非营利组织筹款的主要焦点，许多组织都寻求组织主要捐助者的匹配捐款。这是年终筹款竞赛的开始，非营利组织力求达到下一年的预算目标。
Donations on GivingTuesday in 2022 and 2023 reached $3.1 billion, an increase from $2.7 billion in 2021. While that is a lot to raise in a single day, the trend last year was flat and fewer donors were giving. The organization says that is a worrying sign.
2022 年和 2023 年 GivingTuesday 的捐款额达到 31 亿美元，比 2021 年的 27 亿美元有所增加。虽然一天之内筹集的资金数额很大，但去年的趋势持平，而且捐款人也减少了。该组织表示，这是一个令人担忧的迹象。
- Visa fler
