Avsnitt
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#solutrean #human #ancienthuman #archaeology
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The Solutrean culture, dating from approximately 22,000 to 17,000 years ago, was a prehistoric culture of the Upper Paleolithic period primarily located in what is now France and Spain. It is renowned for its distinctive and finely crafted stone tools, particularly the unique, bifacially flaked Solutrean points. The Solutreans are also noted for their artistic achievements, including detailed cave paintings and intricate carvings. This culture is significant for its advanced lithic technology and its influence on subsequent Paleolithic societies in Europe.
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Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/15ZQQpY6iRK0gAwmHcC7MXl3pjNPgbdH5ckTRjgQ1cQk/edit?usp=sharing
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman #archaeology
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Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uN1ZhmVar2Ipe8rWikywylbK4wd34LE7NSe09Ck5iJ4/edit?usp=sharing
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Saknas det avsnitt?
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman #archaeology
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This video is about the Aurignacian Culture, the first modern human culture to settle in Europe after the neanderthals. They hunted massive animals and made amazing art along the way. They are a fascinating culture. This video is the first in a series I am making about the upper Paleolithic.
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Shoutout: https://paleoart.tumblr.com
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Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NdcLW7OgSsDHJIPhcfcGeRTp7bizKHLuxb31DgY_8gU/edit?usp=sharing
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#BeastLord #AnimalGame #LionGame
#human #ancienthuman #archaeology
Use this link https://beastlord.onelink.me/4a2w/NORTH02 to download Beast Lord: The New Land!
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This video is about what humans were doing around 10,000 years ago.
This was an amazing time including the dawn of agriculture, building of complex megalithic structures all while mammoths, and other critters still roamed in remote regions.
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Sources: There are far too many sources to fit in here. If you want a sources on something I talked about, leave a comment and I will reply with the source. Thank you!
Special thanks to John Kiernan, Laurens Thaler, Sebastian Wetherbee
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman #archaeology
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Sources:
PRE–Younger Dryas Megafaunal Extirpation at Rancho La Brea ... - Science, www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3594. Accessed 20 Jan. 2024.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379110004403?via%3Dihub
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1214261
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1179504
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/abs/chronology-and-ecology-of-late-pleistocene-megafauna-in-the-northern-willamette-valley-oregon/661469CB9106CF81FB102D76E48D12B1
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman #archaeology
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0496
"Ayahuasca : An Ethnopharmacologic History". Sacred Vine of Spirits: Ayahuasca. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 42.
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/503-2303/digs/11212-digs-peru-nazca-ayahuasca
10.1073/pnas.1902174116
https://ayahuascalife.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/ayahuascero-vs-currandero-a-western-misunderstanding-of-shamanism/
https://www.lakeforest.edu/news/cultural-context-and-the-beneficial-applications-of-ayahuasca#:~:text=The%20traditional%20use%20of%20substances,plants%20(Sayin%2C%202014).
https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/anoc.12056
https://kodu.ut.ee/~hellex/aya/kirjandus/meetod/Davidov%202010%20Shamans_Shams_Ecuador_JLatAmCaribAnthro.pdf
Madera, L. M. 2009. Visions of Christ in the Amazon: The Gospel According to Ayahuasca and Santo Daime. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature & Culture, 3(1), 66–98. https://doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v3i1.66
https://daily.jstor.org/the-colonization-of-the-ayahuasca-experience/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27918874/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28706205/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29903051/
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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Homo antecessor is an extinct hominin species believed to have lived in Europe over 1 million years ago. Fossils of this early human ancestor were discovered in Spain, particularly at the Atapuerca archaeological site. Homo antecessor is strange because it shares both primitive and more advanced traits. This ancient hominin is believed to have been a skilled toolmaker and a meat-eater, providing valuable insights into early human dietary and behavioral patterns. The study of Homo antecessor continues to contribute to our understanding of human origins and our complex evolutionary history.
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Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JeIpMIZsGujMXB8kvYjioU3paY34Ew9XOmsws3T78pY/edit?usp=sharing
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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In this video, we discuss the entire history of North Sentinel Island. We cover everything we know about the island and the ethical questions presented to us.
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Sources:
https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/creepy-antics-of-british-naval-officer-over-100-years-ago-had-a-profound-impact-on-lost-tribe/news-story/1d6b9e58f92a43f1232a5363c8899b1d
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24181/page/n5/mode/2up
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46350130
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Colonial_Collecting_and_Display/iWlFAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1
https://scroll.in/article/903254/a-visit-to-north-sentinel-island-please-please-please-let-us-not-destroy-this-last-haven
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tsunami_in_South_Asia/-4PDCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover
https://archive.ph/20120914105121/http://www.thewe.cc/contents/more/archive2005/january/jarwas_onges_shompens_sentinelese_great_andamanese.htm
https://archive.org/details/historyofourrela02portuoft
https://www.thequint.com/opinion/sentinelese-tribe-andaman-islanders-eco-tourism-challenges
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1509987/Stone-Age-tribe-kills-fishermen-who-strayed-on-to-island.html
Nineveh
https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44140759
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/11/30/everything-we-know-about-the-isolated-sentinelese-people-of-north-sentinel-island/?sh=643fc9e035a
Primrose
https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1981/08/25/Twenty-eight-sailors-shipwrecked-for-nearly-two-weeks-off-a/1381367560000/
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/hair-raising-story-behind-mysterious-shipwreck-off-north-sentinel-island/7UWWHDCA35XKJ2Q3PGRXMBXYNQ/
https://web.archive.org/web/20181130231205/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/30/the-not-so-lost-tribe-sentinel-island-sentinelese-missionary-john-chau/
Fisherman
https://www.smh.com.au/world/stone-age-tribe-kills-fishermen-20060209-gdmxm8.html
Chau
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46345231
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-22/american-missionary-killed-in-india/10546166
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5302048-John-Allen-Chau-s-journal-pages
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/28/india-body-john-allen-chau-missionary-killed-by-sentinelese-tribe
Footage
https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/sentinelese
https://www.survivalinternational.org/films/contactmission
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osmU2vbnihQ
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
In this video, we talk about the various dark-skinned populations native to Southeast Asia. They have a fascinating history and their genetic story may surprise you!
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Sources: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00438243.2022.2121315
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453060/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8970429/
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/29/11/3513/1158983
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#paleoanthropology #human #youngerdryas
In this video, we dive deep into the subject of the Younger Dryas. An interesting period right at the end of the last ice age when humanity was first developing. There is a lot of misinformation about this subject and here I hope to dispel some of the nonsense.
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Sources:
All of my sources are located beneath their corresponding sentence on this document, enjoy!
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m1QGmxZ8sBOxH5dSRxlJiWQpAeCb7JXEp5H0r0YjEGY/edit?usp=sharing
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Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pQej5eIPClEj6qDT8n2j5cfMC3-781P3HEhDHXC8-iM/edit?usp=sharing
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In this documentary, we discuss everything we know about the enigmatic Neanderthals. We dive deep into the latest scientific discoveries, archaeological findings, and genetic research to uncover the truths about Neanderthals. Through expert interviews, immersive visuals, and engaging storytelling, we shed light on their physical characteristics, intelligence, social structures, and cultural achievements.
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Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_ff0l6zC_u48NOhZbR0a1WeQcZC9sAeckZ3qryS8VCE/edit?usp=sharing
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(0:00) Introduction
(1:13) Origins
(12:02) Anatomy
(28:26) Technology
(34:02) Points
(39:50) Hafting
(44:13) Wooden tools
(55:30) Use of Fire
(1:05:37) Clothing
(1:14:40) Hunting
(1:45:46) Dynamic World
(1:58:25) Culture
(2:09:55) Warfare
(2:12:40) Art and Symbolism
(2:28:08) Spirituality
(2:39:06) Compassion
(2:48:50) Interactions with Homo sapien
(2:54:53) Hybridization
(2:59:46) Extinction
(3:06:35) Genetic Persistence
(3:14:00) Conclusion
(3:14:47) Authors Note
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Sources:
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Pozzi, Luca; Hodgson, Jason A.; Burrell, Andrew S.; Sterner, Kirstin N.; Raaum, Ryan L.; Disotell, Todd R. (June 2014). "Primate phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 165–183. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.023. ISSN 1055-7903. PMC 4059600. PMID 24583291.
Jameson, Natalie M.; Hou, Zhuo-Cheng; Sterner, Kirstin N.; Weckle, Amy; Goodman, Morris; Steiper, Michael E.; Wildman, Derek E. (September 2011). "Genomic data reject the hypothesis of a prosimian primate clade". Journal of Human Evolution. 61 (3): 295–305. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.04.004. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 21620437.
Hey J. The divergence of chimpanzee species and subspecies as revealed in multipopulation isolation-with-migration analyses. Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Apr;27(4):921-33. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp298. Epub 2009 Dec 2. PMID: 19955478; PMCID: PMC2877540.
Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2020). "Nature and relationships of Sahelanthropus tchadensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 149: 102898. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102898. PMID 33142154. S2CID 226249337.
Daver, G.; Guy, F.; Mackaye, H. T.; Likius, A.; Boisserie, J. -R.; Moussa, A.; Pallas, L.; Vignaud, P.; Clarisse, N. D. (2022-08-24). "Postcranial evidence of late Miocene hominin bipedalism in Chad" (PDF). Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 609 (7925): 94–100. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04901-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 36002567.
Almécija, Sergio; Tallman, Melissa; Alba, David M.; Pina, Marta; Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Jungers, William L. (3 December 2013). "The femur of Orrorin tugenensis exhibits morphometric affinities with both Miocene apes and later hominins". Nature Communications. 4 (1): 2888. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2888A. doi:10.1038/ncomms3888. PMID 24301078.
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Sources:
MichaelPanteaPersonEnvelopeIgnacio de laTorrebFrancescod’ErricocdJacksonNjauefRobertBlumenschineg, et al. “Bone Tools from Beds II–IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and Implications for the Origins and Evolution of Bone Technology.” Journal of Human Evolution, Academic Press, 10 Oct. 2020, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248420301469.
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Lombard, M., & Phillipson, L. (2010). Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity, 84(325), 635-648. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
Backwell, L., Bradfield, J., Carlson, K., Jashashvili, T., Wadley, L., & D'Errico, F. (2018). The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: Evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave. Antiquity, 92(362), 289-303. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
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Hardy, B. L., et al. “Direct Evidence of Neanderthal Fibre Technology and Its Cognitive and Behavioral Implications.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 9 Apr. 2020, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61839-w.
“Pesse Canoe.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesse_canoe.
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Administrator. “Southeastern Plumets.” Peach State Archaeological Society, http://peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/index.php/20-copper-artifacts/316-old-copper-culture.
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthumanThanks for watching,Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe!▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Check out my stuff!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/Email: [email protected]▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Thumbnail - Tom BjorklundAll media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons.If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request.Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Sources:1.) Augusti J, Lordkipanidze D (June 2011). "How "African" was the early human dispersal out of Africa?". Quaternary Science Reviews.Zhu Z, Dennell R, Huang W, Wu Y, Qiu S, Yang S, et al. (July 2018). "Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago". Nature. 559 (7715): 608–612.Barras C (2018). "Tools from China are oldest hint of human lineage outside Africa"2.) Rogers AR, Iltis D, Wooding S (2004). "Genetic Variation at the MC1R Locus and the Time since Loss of Human Body Hair". Current Anthropology. 45 (1): 105–108. doi:10.1086/381006. S2CID 224795768.3.) Roach, & Richmond. (2015). "Clavicle length, throwing performance and the reconstruction of the Homo erectus shoulder". Journal of Human Evolution, 80(C), 107–113.4.) M. Pante et al. Bone tools from Beds II-IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and implications for the origins and evolution of bone technology. Journal of Human Evolution. Vol. 148, November 2020, p. 102885. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102885.5.) James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence"Luke, Kim. "Evidence That Human Ancestors Used Fire One Million Years Ago"Miller, Kenneth (May 2013). "Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking With Fire"6.) Saladié, P.; Huguet, R.; Díez, C.; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A.; Cáceres, I.; Vallverdú, J.; Rosell, J.; de Castro, J. M. B.; Carbonell, E. (2011). "Carcass transport decisions in Homo antecessor subsistence strategies".7.) MISHRA, SHEILA. “THE INDIAN LOWER PALAEOLITHIC.” Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, vol. 66/67, 2006, pp. 47–94. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42931441. Accessed 14 Oct. 2022.8.) Antón SC, Taboada HG, Middleton ER, Rainwater CW, Taylor AB, Turner TR, et al. (July 2016). "Morphological variation in Homo erectus and the origins of developmental plasticity"9.) Yang, L. (2014). "Zhoukoudian: Geography and Culture". Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 7961–7965.10.) Boaz, N. T.; Ciochon, R. L.; Xu, Q.; Liu, J. (2000). "Large Mammalian Carnivores as a Taphonomic Factor in the Bone Accumulation at Zhoukoudian"▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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Costa, Antonio, et al. “The Magnitude and Impact of the Youngest Toba Tuff Super-Eruption.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 1 Jan. 1AD, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2014.00016/full.
Rampino, Michael R.; Self, Stephen (1993). "Climate–Volcanism Feedback and the Toba Eruption of ~74,000 Years ago" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 40 (3): 269–280. Bibcode:1993QuRes..40..269R
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Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M.; Oman, L.; Shindell, D.; Levis, S.; Stenchikov, G. (2009). "Did the Toba Volcanic Eruption of ~74k BP Produce Widespread Glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D10): D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD011652
Williams, Martin. “The ~73 ka Toba super-eruption and its impact: History of a debate” Quaternary International May 2012 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061821100485X
Zielinski, G.A.; Mayewski, P.A.; Meeker, L.D.; Whitlow, S.; Twickler, M.S.; Taylor, K. (1996). "Potential Atmospheric Impact of the Toba Mega‐Eruption ~71,000 years ago" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 23 (8): 837–840. Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23..837Z. doi:10.1029/96GL00706. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011.
Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M.; Oman, L.; Shindell, D.; Levis, S.; Stenchikov, G. (2009). "Did the Toba Volcanic Eruption of ~74k BP Produce Widespread Glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D10): D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD01165
Smith, Eugene I., et al. “Humans Thrived in South Africa through the Toba Eruption about 74,000 Years Ago...
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthumanThanks for watching,Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe!▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Check out my stuff!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/Email: [email protected]▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons.If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request.Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Sources:Owsley, Douglas W.; et al. (1994). "Biological effects of European contact on Easter Island". In C.S. Larson; G.R. Milner (eds.). In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest.DiNapoli, R J, Crema, E R, Lipo, C P, et al. (2021). "Approximate Bayesian Computation of radiocarbon and paleoenvironmental record shows population resilience on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)". Nature Communications.Beck, J. Warren (2003), "Mata Ki Te Rangi: Eyes towards the Heavens"West, Barbara A. (2008) Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Diamond 2005, pp. 103–107Awes, Maria, and Andy Awes. “Mystery of Easter Island.” NOVA, season 39, episode 3, PBS, 7 Nov. 2012.Hamilton, Sue. “Rapa Nui (Easter Island)’s Stone Worlds.” Archaeology International, vol. 16, 24 Oct. 2013, pp. 96-109.Captain James Cook Footnotes - the Captain Cook Society (CCS). https://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/footnotes-899. “Easter Island History: Imagina Easter Island.” Imagina Rapa Nui Easter Island, 6 Oct. 2021, https://imaginarapanui.com/en/easter-island-history/. Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Secrets of Easter Island.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 1 Mar. 2002, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-secrets-of-easter-island-59989046/. “Moai.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moai#1722–1868_toppling_of_the_moai. Thomas, Mike Seager. “Stone Use and Avoidance on Easter Island: Red Scoria from the Topknot Quarry at Puna Pau and Other Sources.” Archaeology in Oceania, vol. 49, no. 2, 10 Apr. 2014, pp. 95-109.“Easter Island.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island. Hamilton, Sue, et al. “Say It with Stone: Constructing with Stones on Easter Island.” World Archaeology, vol. 43, no. 2, 14 July 2011, pp. 167-190.Hunt, Terry L., and Carl P. Lipo. The Statues That Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island. Simon and Schuster, 2011.Lipo, Carl P., et al. “The ‘Walking’ Megalithic Statues (Moai) of Easter Island.” Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 40, no. 6, June 2013, pp. 2859-2866.Richards, Colin, et al. “Road My Body Goes: Re-Creating Ancestors from Stone at the Greatmoaiquarry of Rano Raraku, Rapa Nui (Easter Island).” World Archaeology, vol. 43, no. 2, 14 July 2011, pp. 191-210.Sentinels in Stone – The Collapse of Easter Island's Culture". Bradshaw Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015Scoresby-Routledge, Katherine (1919). The Mystery of Easter Island. London: Hazell, Watson & VineyHunt, Terry; Lipo, Carl (2012). The Statues That Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island.Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, et al. “Genetic Ancestry of Rapanui before and after European Contact.” Current Biology, Elsevier, 12 Oct. 2017, https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31194-6.Thorsby Erik 2012The Polynesian gene pool: an early contribution by Amerindians to Easter IslandPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B367812–819http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0319▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthumanThanks for watching,Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/Email: [email protected]▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons.If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request.Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire.▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀Sources:Bellos, Alex (14 February 2000). "Brazilian Findings Spark Archeological Debate" Meltzer, David (24 June 1995). "Stones of Contention"Timothy B. Rowe et al. Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau ∼37,000 Years Ago. Front. Ecol. Evol, published online July 7, 2022; doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903795Bennett, Matthew R.; Bustos, David; Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Springer, Kathleen B.; Urban, Thomas M.; Holliday, Vance T.; Reynolds, Sally C.; Budka, Marcin; Honke, Jeffrey S.; Hudson, Adam M.; Fenerty, Brendan (24 September 2021). "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum"The Western Stemmed Point Tradition: Evolutionary Perspectives on ... https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11684&context=etd. Masakazu Yoshizaki, Pre-Ceramic Stone Industries at the Tachikawa Site, Southern Hokkaido (Hakodate: Hakodate City Museum, 1960). [吉崎昌一編 1960 『立川: 北海道磯谷郡蘭越町立川遺跡における無土器文化の発掘調査』市立函館博物館、函館.]Morrow, Juliet E., et al. “Pre-Clovis in Texas? A Critical Assessment of the ‘Buttermilk Creek Complex.’” Journal of Archaeological Science, Academic Press, 6 June 2012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030544031200218X. The Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas and the Origins of Clovis - Researchgate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50850836_The_Debra_L_Friedkin_Site_Texas_and_the_origins_of_Clovis. Thomas et al. 2017 "Explaining the origin of fluting in North American Pliestocene weaponry"Pitulko, V & Nikolskiy, Pavel & Girya, Evgeny & Basilyan, Alexandr & Tumskoy, Vladimir & Koulakov, SA & Astakhov, S & Pavlova, E & Anisimov, MA. (2004). The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.). 303. 52-6. 10.1126/science.1085219.Wygal, B., Krasinski, K., Holmes, C., Crass, B., & Smith, K. (2022). Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America. American Antiquity, 87(1), 59-79. doi:10.1017/aaq.2021.63Sain, Douglas A., "Clovis Blade Technology at the Topper Site (38AL23): Assessing Lithic Attribute Variation and Regional Patterns of Technological Organization" (2012).The Age of the Paleoindian Assemblage at Sheriden Cave, Ohio - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bone-Point-2-from-Sheriden-Cave_fig2_268149084 [accessed 11 Aug, 2022]Mark Q. Sutton (2021) Envisioning a Western Clovis Ritual Complex, PaleoAmerica, 7:4, 333-364, DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1933334Agam A, Barkai R. Elephant and Mammoth Hunting during the Paleolithic: A Review of the Relevant Archaeological, Ethnographic and Ethno-Historical Records. Quaternary. 2018; 1(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat1010003Eren, Metin I., et al. “On the Efficacy of Clovis Fluted Points for Hunting Proboscideans.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Elsevier, 28 Aug. 2021, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X21003783.G. Sanchez, V.T. Holliday, E.P. Gaines, J. Arroyo-Cabrales, N. Martínez-Tagüeña, A. Kowler, T. Lange, G. Hodgins, S. Mentzer, I. Sanchez-Morales Human (Clovis)–gomphothere (Cuvieronius sp.) association~ 13,390 calibrated yBP in Sonora, MexicoC.V. Haynes, B. HuckellMurray Springs: A Clovis Site with Multiple Activity Areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona University of Arizona Pre...Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
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