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Even as temperatures kept dropping in China’s northeastern “ice city” of Harbin, excitement rose among a group of swimmers who enjoy jumping into freezing waters.
尽管中国东北“冰城”哈尔滨的气温持续下降，一群喜欢跳入冰冷水域的游泳者却兴奋不已。
The daily event, known as ice swimming, is a winter tradition in Harbin. Swimmers train daily throughout the year to get their bodies ready for the unusual swim. Reporters from The Associated Press recently visited the city and spoke with some of the swimmers.
这项每日活动被称为冰泳，是哈尔滨的冬季传统活动。游泳运动员全年每天都进行训练，让身体为不同寻常的游泳做好准备。美联社记者最近访问了这座城市并与一些游泳运动员进行了交谈。
To create a pool in the Songhua River, the swimmers first had to break a 10-centimeter thick cover of ice. Then they removed the ice pieces, took off all clothes except bathing suits and prepared to enter. One by one, they jumped into a freezing, 10-meter-long pool.
为了在松花江上建造一个水池，游泳者首先必须打破10厘米厚的冰层。然后他们把冰块拿掉，脱掉除泳衣外的所有衣服，准备进去。他们一一跳进了十米长的冰冷水池中。
Some of the swimmers reported that their legs and arms quickly went numb after entering the water. The outside temperature was about minus 13 degrees Celsius and the water temperature remained near freezing.
一些游泳者反映，入水后他们的腿和手臂很快就麻木了。室外温度约为-13摄氏度，水温保持在冰点附近。
One of the swimmers was Chen Xia. She came from Zhejiang province about 1,700 kilometers further south. She decided to jump into the river even though she had a cold. Chen said the winter waters where she lives are warmer than those in Harbin.
其中一名游泳运动员是陈霞。她来自更南约1700公里的浙江省。尽管感冒了，她还是决定跳进河里。陈女士说，她居住的冬天水域比哈尔滨温暖。
She said the experience strengthened her confidence in winter swimming. She has been taking part in the activity for about 20 years.
她说，这次经历增强了她对冬泳的信心。她参加这项活动已有约20年了。
The 56-year-old Chen said the freezing waters made her skin feel like small pins were attacking her body. But, she added that the experience still brought her happiness. “I felt prickling all over my body. But it still made me feel blissful,” she said.
56岁的陈女士说，冰冷的海水让她的皮肤感觉就像小针在攻击她的身体。但她补充说，这段经历仍然给她带来了快乐。“我感觉全身都在刺痛。但它仍然让我感到幸福，”她说。
Yu Xiaofeng lives in Harbin, a city that sits near the border with Russia. The 61-year-old said winter swimming in the city dates back to the 1970s. At that time, locals saw Russian Orthodox religious believers being baptized in the river. Later in 1983, an official winter swimming group was established in Harbin.
于晓峰住在靠近俄罗斯边境的哈尔滨市。这位 61 岁的老人说，这座城市的冬泳历史可以追溯到 20 世纪 70 年代。当时，当地人看到俄罗斯东正教信徒在河里接受洗礼。1983年晚些时候，哈尔滨正式成立了冬泳团体。
The city also holds an ongoing winter celebration known for its huge, detailed ice and snow sculptures.
该市还持续举办冬季庆祝活动，以其巨大而细致的冰雪雕塑而闻名。
Winter swimming is considered a sport in China. But it gained popularity much faster in Harbin than in other parts of the country. Today, Yu said the city is considered a “holy land” for winter swimming.
冬泳在中国被认为是一项运动。但它在哈尔滨的普及速度比全国其他地区要快得多。如今，于说，这座城市被认为是冬泳的“圣地”。
Yu said the winter swimmers appear to have better health than others. She added that she has felt a great sense of family and joy in the community during her 30 years of winter swimming.
于说，冬泳运动员的健康状况似乎比其他人要好。她补充说，在30年的冬泳生涯中，她感受到了巨大的家庭感和社区的快乐。
While the AP reporters did not quote medical experts for this story, some of the swimmers said they believe ice swimming is good for their health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the group even came up with a new saying to describe the experience. They would rather “suffer through winter swimming than line up at the hospital,” Yu said.
虽然美联社记者没有引用医学专家的话，但一些游泳者表示，他们相信冰泳对健康有益。在新冠肺炎疫情期间，该组织甚至想出了一句新话来描述这种体验。他们宁愿“忍受冬泳的痛苦，也不愿在医院排队”，余说。
You Decang is a 76-year-old winter swimmer who said he believes the activity helps keep him healthy. He noted that he has never caught a cold. You added, “If I go just one day without winter swimming, I feel quite uncomfortable.”
尤德仓是一位 76 岁的冬泳运动员，他说他相信这项活动有助于保持健康。他指出，他从未感冒过。你补充道，“如果有一天不去冬泳，我就会感觉很不舒服。”
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Greenland is the world’s largest island and a self-governed territory of Denmark. About 57,000 people live there, mainly along its coasts. Most of Greenland lies north of the Arctic Circle, under thick sheets of ice.
格陵兰岛是世界上最大的岛屿，也是丹麦的自治领土。大约有 57,000 人居住在那里，主要居住在沿海地区。格陵兰岛的大部分地区位于北极圈以北，覆盖着厚厚的冰层。
The island plays a large part in the weather experienced by billions of people every day and in climate changes around the planet, experts say.
专家表示，该岛在数十亿人每天经历的天气以及全球气候变化中发挥着重要作用。
American President-elect Donald Trump is expressing interest in buying Greenland from Denmark. He said something similar during his first term in office as well. The United States has a large military base on the island.
美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普表示有兴趣从丹麦购买格陵兰岛。他在第一个任期内也说过类似的话。美国在岛上拥有大型军事基地。
Geologists say Greenland has huge amounts of oil and natural gas below the ice and valuable elements known as rare earth minerals. Rare earth minerals are needed in communication technologies, including phones.
地质学家表示，格陵兰岛冰层下蕴藏着大量石油和天然气，以及被称为稀土矿物的宝贵元素。通信技术（包括电话）需要稀土矿物。
Most of these resources are trapped under Greenland’s ice. However, warming temperatures in recent years have increased melting on the island. As more ice melts, some of these resources may become easier to reach.
这些资源大部分都被困在格陵兰岛的冰层下。然而，近年来气温升高加剧了岛上的融化。随着更多的冰融化，其中一些资源可能会变得更容易获取。
Geoff Dabelko is a security and environment professor at Ohio University. He thinks other countries are becoming interested in Greenland because China is currently the supplier of more than half of the world’s rare Earth minerals.
杰夫·达贝尔科 (Geoff Dabelko) 是俄亥俄大学安全与环境教授。他认为其他国家对格陵兰岛越来越感兴趣，因为中国目前是世界一半以上稀土矿物的供应国。
From 1992 to 2020, Greenland lost an average of 169 billion metric tons of ice each year, with losses reaching 444 billion metric tons in 2019.
从1992年到2020年，格陵兰岛平均每年损失1690亿吨冰，2019年损失达到4440亿吨。
Mark Serreze is director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. He told The Associated Press that melting from Greenland will be a central issue through the 21st century. That is because melting ice adds to rising sea levels. Serreze noted that the amount of melting will likely increase in the future.
马克·塞雷兹 (Mark Serreze) 是科罗拉多州博尔德国家冰雪数据中心的主任。他告诉美联社，格陵兰岛融化将成为整个 21 世纪的一个中心问题。这是因为冰融化会导致海平面上升。Serreze 指出，未来融化量可能会增加。
Greenland also serves as the engine for an important ocean current that influences Earth's climate in many ways, including storm activity. The current is called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC. The current is slowing down because more fresh water from Greenland’s melting ice is entering the ocean, Serreze said.
格陵兰岛也是重要洋流的引擎，洋流以多种方式影响地球气候，包括风暴活动。该洋流被称为大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）。塞雷兹说，由于格陵兰岛融化的冰越来越多的淡水进入海洋，洋流正在减慢。
A shutdown of the current could lead to long-term freezes in Europe and parts of North America.
电流的关闭可能会导致欧洲和北美部分地区长期冻结。
“If this global current system were to slow substantially or even collapse . . .as we know it has done in the past — normal temperature and precipitation patterns around the globe would change drastically,” said climate scientist Jennifer Francis of the Woodwell Climate Research Center, a non-profit based in the American state of Massachusetts.
“如果当前的全球体系大幅放缓甚至崩溃。。“正如我们所知，过去的情况是——全球的正常气温和降水模式将发生巨大变化，”美国马萨诸塞州非营利组织伍德韦尔气候研究中心的气候科学家詹妮弗·弗朗西斯说。
She added that the changes would have very damaging effects on farming and ecosystems.
她补充说，这些变化将对农业和生态系统产生非常破坏性的影响。
As more ice melts, Greenland is also changing color from the white of ice to the blue and green of water and land. These darker colors hold more heat from the sun and can increase the speed of warming.
随着更多的冰融化，格陵兰岛的颜色也从冰的白色变为水和陆地的蓝色和绿色。这些较深的颜色会吸收更多来自太阳的热量，并会加快变暖的速度。
Greenland lies in between northern Canada, northern Europe, and Russia. That area may become more valuable to countries if melting in the Arctic Ocean continues to increase and more ships pass through the area.
格陵兰岛位于加拿大北部、北欧和俄罗斯之间。如果北冰洋的融化继续增加并且更多的船只经过该地区，该地区可能对各国变得更有价值。
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The American Kennel Club, or AKC, has named another kind of dog to its registry.
美国养犬俱乐部（AKC）已将另一种狗列入其登记册。
Say hello to the Danish-Swedish farmdog. Or maybe say "hej," the word for hello in Swedish and Danish.
向丹麦瑞典混血农场狗问好。或者可以说“hej”，瑞典语和丹麦语中的“你好”。
AKC officials announced the addition to its list on January 2. The recognition means the breed now may compete for many best in show prizes. It also will probably create wider interest in the small, lively dogs. Fans of the breed are happy for the honor, but some also worry about the effect increased attention will have on the dog.
AKC 官员于 1 月 2 日宣布将其添加到名单中。这一认可意味着该品种现在可以争夺许多最佳的比赛奖项。它还可能会引起人们对活泼的小型犬的更广泛的兴趣。该品种的粉丝们为这一荣誉感到高兴，但有些人也担心增加关注会对狗产生影响。
Carey Segebart is one of the people who worked to get Danish-Swedish farmdogs recognized by the AKC. "We're excited about it. We're looking forward to it," she said. She plans to show one of her own at a dog show this month near her home in the American state of Iowa.
Carey Segebart 是致力于让丹麦-瑞典农场犬获得 AKC 认可的人之一。“我们对此感到兴奋。我们很期待，”她说。她计划本月在美国爱荷华州她家附近的一场狗展上展示自己的一只狗。
Still, she thinks more attention can have both good and bad results for the breed. "We don't want the breed to just explode too quickly," she said.
尽管如此，她认为更多的关注对这个品种来说既有好也有坏的结果。“我们不希望这个品种爆发得太快，”她说。
The Danish-Swedish Farmdog Club of America says the breed, DSF for short, goes back centuries in parts of what are now Denmark, southern Sweden and some other European countries.
美国丹麦瑞典农场狗俱乐部表示，这个品种（简称DSF）可以追溯到几个世纪前，生活在现在的丹麦、瑞典南部和其他一些欧洲国家的部分地区。"
They're interesting, fun little dogs," said Segebart, who has owned them since 2011 and is the club's incoming president. She said they will try anything and “succeed at most everything."
“它们是有趣、有趣的小狗，”Segebart 说，他自 2011 年以来一直拥有它们，也是俱乐部即将上任的主席。她说他们会尝试任何事情，并且“几乎一切都会成功”。
In their homelands, the dogs' main job was to control small animals called rodents. However, they also can herd, act as watchdogs and be playful with children. The club says some Danish-Swedish farmdogs have even performed in circuses.
在它们的家乡，狗的主要工作是控制称为啮齿动物的小动物。然而，它们也可以放牧、充当看门狗并与孩子们玩耍。该俱乐部表示，一些丹麦瑞典混血的农场狗甚至曾在马戏团表演。
After Denmark and Sweden became more developed in the 20th century, DSF fans decided to make the breed official in both nations. Kennel clubs there began registering the breed in 1987.
20 世纪丹麦和瑞典变得更加发达后，DSF 爱好者决定在这两个国家正式认定该品种。那里的养犬俱乐部于 1987 年开始注册该品种。
In the United States, many of the about 350 Danish-Swedish farmdogs nationwide already compete in agility, obedience or other sports that are open to all dogs, including mixed breeds.
在美国，全国约 350 只丹麦瑞典混血农场犬中的许多已经参加了敏捷性、服从性或其他对所有狗（包括混种狗）开放的运动项目。
Until now, the dogs could not enter the traditional breed-by-breed judging that leads to best in show prizes at major dog shows. They may appear later this year at two major televised events, the National Dog Show and the AKC National Championship.
到目前为止，这些狗还无法进入传统的逐品种评审，从而在大型犬展上获得最佳表演奖。它们可能会在今年晚些时候出现在两项主要的电视赛事中：全国犬展和 AKC 全国锦标赛。
The Danish-Swedish farmdog is the AKC's 202nd breed and "a wonderful addition to a family that is able to provide it with the exercise and mental stimulation that it needs," said the AKC’s Gina DiNardo.
丹麦-瑞典农场犬是 AKC 的第 202 个品种，AKC 的吉娜·迪纳尔多 (Gina DiNardo) 表示，“它是家庭的绝妙补充，能够为它提供所需的运动和精神刺激”。
Danish-Swedish farmdog lovers talked for several years about whether they should try to get AKC recognition and the attention that is likely to come with it, Segebart said. The number of people wanting to buy a young farmdog, or puppy, has grown quickly over the last ten years. The wait for a DSF puppy is usually a year or more, she said.
Segebart 说，丹麦和瑞典的农场狗爱好者多年来一直在讨论他们是否应该尝试获得 AKC 的认可以及可能随之而来的关注。过去十年里，想要购买年轻农场狗或小狗的人数迅速增加。她说，等待 DSF 小狗的时间通常是一年或更长时间。
Fans of the breed worry that its appealing, relatively easy-care nature could make it quickly become too popular for its own good. They are not the first to worry. Similar concerns surround the French bulldog, which the AKC now says is the most popular breed in the country. Breeding for desired qualities has led to many health problems for the dogs.
该品种的粉丝担心，它的吸引力和相对容易照顾的性质可能会使其很快变得太受欢迎，而不利于其自身的利益。他们并不是第一个担心的人。类似的担忧也围绕着法国斗牛犬，AKC 现在表示法国斗牛犬是该国最受欢迎的品种。为了获得所需的品质而进行的繁殖导致了狗的许多健康问题。
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Fox added that such studies can provide valuable information “about the workings of stars across the universe to aid in our search for habitable worlds beyond our home planet.”
福克斯补充说，此类研究可以提供“有关整个宇宙恒星运作的宝贵信息，以帮助我们寻找我们家乡星球之外的宜居世界”。
NASA’s statement noted the agency’s earlier preparation and operations were all leading up to the latest mission. To help it get into the right position, the Parker Solar Probe received assistance from several flybys of the planet Venus. The last flyby happened on November 6, 2024.
美国宇航局的声明指出，该机构早期的准备和运作都是为了最新的任务。为了帮助它进入正确的位置，帕克太阳探测器多次飞越金星并获得了帮助。最后一次飞越发生在 2024 年 11 月 6 日。
These gravitational assists had put the spacecraft “an ideal distance” from the sun every three months, NASA explained. This distance was “close enough to study our sun’s mysterious processes,” but not “to become overwhelmed by the sun’s heat and damaging radiation.”
美国宇航局解释说，这些引力辅助使航天器每三个月就与太阳保持“理想距离”。这个距离“足够近，足以研究太阳的神秘过程”，但又不会“被太阳的热量和破坏性辐射淹没”。
Developers of the spacecraft say it was built with a shield made with carbon material to protect it from the extreme heat released by the sun’s corona. The shield was designed to survive temperatures reaching 1,400 degrees Celsius. NASA says the data-gathering instruments are placed behind the shield.
该航天器的开发人员表示，它是用碳材料制成的防护罩建造的，以保护其免受太阳日冕释放的极端热量的影响。该防护罩设计可承受 1,400 摄氏度的高温。美国宇航局表示，数据收集仪器位于防护罩后面。
Nour Rawafi is the project scientist for Parker Solar Probe at NASA’s Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland. His team designed, built, and operates the spacecraft. He said Parker had performed as planned although it operates in “one of the most extreme environments in space.”
努尔·拉瓦菲 (Nour Rawafi) 是美国宇航局马里兰州约翰·霍普金斯应用物理实验室帕克太阳探测器的项目科学家。他的团队设计、建造和操作航天器。他表示，尽管帕克在“太空中最极端的环境之一”中运行，但它的表现仍按计划进行。
Rawafi added that the mission had brought “a new golden era of space exploration, bringing us closer than ever to unlocking the sun’s deepest and most enduring mysteries.”
拉瓦菲补充说，这次任务带来了“太空探索的新黄金时代，使我们比以往任何时候都更接近解开太阳最深、最持久的奥秘。”
Dr. Joseph Westlake is director of NASA’s Heliophysics Division, the part of the agency that studies the sun. Westlake noted that his team is preparing for more flybys in the future and hopes to capture more valuable data. Already, flybys of Venus have gathered information about the natural radio waves coming from Venus.
约瑟夫·韦斯特莱克 (Joseph Westlake) 博士是美国宇航局太阳物理学部的主任，该部门负责研究太阳。韦斯特莱克指出，他的团队正在为未来更多的飞越做准备，并希望捕获更多有价值的数据。飞越金星已经收集了有关来自金星的天然无线电波的信息。
In 2023, scientists announced they had learned new information about solar wind from data collected by Parker. Data showed that solar wind can reach speeds up to 1.6 million kilometers per hour. Solar wind forms a large magnetic barrier known as the heliosphere. It protects Earth and other planets from the continuous flow of high-energy particles from the sun’s corona.
2023年，科学家宣布他们从帕克收集的数据中了解了有关太阳风的新信息。数据显示，太阳风的速度可达每小时160万公里。太阳风形成一个巨大的磁屏障，称为日光层。它保护地球和其他行星免受太阳日冕持续不断的高能粒子流的影响。
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NASA says a spacecraft that has been examining the sun’s outermost atmosphere recently got closer to our Earth’s star than any past explorer has.
美国宇航局表示，一艘一直在检查太阳最外层大气层的航天器最近比任何过去的探测器都更接近我们的地球恒星。
The American space agency announced its Parker Solar Probe passed within 6.1 million kilometers of the sun’s outer corona on December 24. Mission leaders established communication with the spacecraft after the operation and said the orbiter was safe.
美国航天局宣布帕克太阳探测器于12月24日通过距太阳外日冕610万公里以内的区域。任务负责人在操作后与航天器建立了联系，并表示轨道飞行器是安全的。
NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe in August 2018. Its mission is to study the sun’s powerful corona and solar wind. Solar wind is created by a continuous flow of charged particles, called plasma, into space from the corona.
NASA于2018年8月发射了帕克太阳探测器，其任务是研究太阳强大的日冕和太阳风。太阳风是由带电粒子（称为等离子体）从日冕持续流入太空而产生的。
In 2021, NASA announced the orbiter had passed into the solar atmosphere for the first time. Researchers said at the time, the spacecraft had successfully “touched” the sun. Parker was believed to be about 13 million kilometers from the center of the sun when it crossed over into the sun’s outer atmosphere.
2021年，美国宇航局宣布轨道飞行器首次进入太阳大气层。研究人员当时表示，飞船已经成功“接触”太阳。当帕克进入太阳外层大气层时，据信距离太阳中心约 1300 万公里。
In a statement, NASA’s Associate Administrator Nicky Fox praised the spacecraft’s latest pass-by of the sun. “Flying this close to the sun is a historic moment in humanity’s first mission to a star,” she said. Fox leads the agency’s Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.
美国宇航局副局长尼基·福克斯在一份声明中赞扬了航天器最近一次经过太阳。“飞得如此接近太阳是人类首次恒星任务的历史性时刻，”她说。福克斯领导位于华盛顿特区的美国宇航局总部的科学任务理事会。
The Parker Solar Probe is believed to have traveled at speeds up to 692,000 kilometers per hour during the mission. NASA said this was “faster than any human-made object has ever moved.”
据信帕克太阳探测器在任务期间以高达每小时 692,000 公里的速度行驶。美国宇航局表示，这“比任何人造物体移动的速度都要快”。
Fox said she hopes data collected by the spacecraft can help scientists better understand how the sun behaves and influences other elements in our solar system and beyond. “By studying the sun up-close, we can better understand its impacts throughout our solar system, including on the technology we use daily on Earth and in space.”
福克斯表示，她希望航天器收集的数据能够帮助科学家更好地了解太阳的行为以及对太阳系及其他地区其他元素的影响。“通过近距离研究太阳，我们可以更好地了解它对整个太阳系的影响，包括对我们日常在地球和太空中使用的技术的影响。”
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In a group of more than 1,000 people, scientists found the most popular resolutions involved exercise, weight loss and eating habits. Other resolutions had to do with self-improvement, personal finance, and ways to take care of mental health and to reduce stress.
在 1000 多人的小组中，科学家发现最受欢迎的决心涉及锻炼、减肥和饮食习惯。其他决议与自我完善、个人理财以及照顾心理健康和减轻压力的方法有关。
Among the 55 percent of people who said they had kept their resolutions after one year, nearly 60 percent of them had made resolutions involving goals. This is compared with 47 percent who chose to avoid behaviors.
55%的人表示一年后仍坚持自己的决心，其中近60%的人制定了涉及目标的决心。相比之下，选择避免行为的人为 47%。
Involve other people Involving others in your efforts might also help. Other people can offer support and hold you accountable. When we are held accountable, we are responsible for our actions.
让其他人参与进来 让其他人参与你的努力也可能会有所帮助。其他人可以提供支持并让你承担责任。当我们被追究责任时，我们就要对自己的行为负责。
Someone who decides to start exercising more, for example, might join a running group or sign up for a gym class with friends. This can also make exercising more fun.
例如，决定开始更多锻炼的人可能会加入跑步团体或与朋友一起报名参加体育课程。这也可以让锻炼变得更加有趣。
Experts also suggest using planners to help you keep your resolutions. For example, you can plan your activities for a specific period every morning or evening.
专家还建议使用规划器来帮助您保持决心。例如，您可以计划每天早上或晚上的特定时间段的活动。
Use reminders and timers on your smartphone. And use group texts for group activities.
使用智能手机上的提醒和计时器。并使用小组文本进行小组活动。
Be kind to yourself Changing our behavior is difficult, so do not expect perfection. There will be times when it feels impossible to keep your resolution, and you will want to give up.
善待自己 改变我们的行为很困难，所以不要期望完美。有时候，你会觉得不可能坚持你的决心，你会想放弃。
“A great resolution might be, ‘I will be less judgmental with myself,’” said Tamara Russell of the British Psychological Society. “Research shows that the more we develop self-compassion, the more compassionate we can become towards others.”
英国心理学会的塔玛拉·拉塞尔说：“一个伟大的决心可能是‘我不再对自己做出评判’。” “研究表明，我们越发展自我同情心，我们对他人就越有同情心。
”Review and make changes To better keep resolutions, Russell suggests reviewing each week. Ask yourself: what has worked? What has not?
检查并做出更改 为了更好地保持决心，拉塞尔建议每周回顾一次。问问自己：什么有效？什么还没有？
She said, “Study your own behavior like a scientist.” Russell added that we should not be afraid to change our resolutions.
她说：“像科学家一样研究你自己的行为。” 拉塞尔补充说，我们不应该害怕改变我们的决议。
Choose the right time The last piece of advice might be the most important.
选择合适的时间 最后一条建议可能是最重要的。
If January 1 feels like a bad time to create a new resolution, make the changes when it makes sense for you.
如果 1 月 1 日感觉不是制定新决议的最佳时机，请在对您有意义的时候进行更改。
Russell said it makes “no sense at all” to make resolutions connected to the calendar year. Winter is usually a time of rest for much of the natural world.
拉塞尔表示，制定与日历年相关的决议“根本没有意义”。冬季通常是自然界大部分地区的休息时间。
She said that spring is the season of growth and renewal. So, depending on your life’s situation, spring might be a better time for most people to make changes.
她说，春天是万物生长、万物复苏的季节。因此，根据您的生活情况，春天对于大多数人来说可能是做出改变的更好时机。
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As the new year begins, some people see an opportunity for change and improvement.
随着新的一年的开始，一些人看到了改变和改进的机会。
Experts say January can be a good time to think about self-improvement. Many people make resolutions. But these promises we make to ourselves require effort to become part of our daily lives. They are meant to last a long time.
专家表示，一月可能是思考自我提升的好时机。许多人都做出了决定。但我们对自己做出的这些承诺需要努力才能成为我们日常生活的一部分。它们应该能够持续很长时间。
Studies have shown that up to 70 percent of people who make New Year’s resolutions quit their plans within months.
研究表明，高达 70% 的人在制定新年计划后几个月内就放弃了他们的计划。
Recently, experts gave advice on keeping New Year's resolutions to the Associated Press.
近日，专家们向美联社提出了保留新年决心的建议。
It is difficult to make big changes. Behavioral health experts suggest breaking big goals into smaller targets. For example, if your goal is to improve your health, you could start with small changes. For some meals, you could trade unhealthy foods for heathy ones, or you could exercise for 10 minutes each day.
做出大的改变是很困难的。行为健康专家建议将大目标分解为小目标。例如，如果您的目标是改善健康，您可以从小的改变开始。对于某些膳食，您可以将不健康的食物换成健康的食物，或者每天锻炼 10 分钟。
Once you start reaching smaller goals, the bigger one might not seem so daunting.
一旦你开始实现较小的目标，较大的目标可能看起来就不那么令人畏惧了。
Psychologist Lynn Bufka suggests being realistic about resolutions. She is with the American Psychological Association based in Washington, D.C.
心理学家林恩·布夫卡（Lynn Bufka）建议，对于决心要现实一些。她是位于华盛顿特区的美国心理学协会的成员。
“It’s quite daunting to say that you want to lose 50 pounds and thus, will never eat dessert again,” she said. “It might be more helpful to say, you’re only going to have dessert on the weekends and for special occasions.”
“说你想减掉 50 磅，然后再也不吃甜点是相当令人畏惧的，”她说。“这样说可能更有帮助，你只会在周末和特殊场合吃甜点。”
Think about what your resolution is helping you to achieve. Do not think about what you are giving up. This can be a powerful way to change your mindset.
想想你的决心可以帮助你实现什么目标。不要去想你要放弃什么。这可能是改变你的心态的有效方法。
Bufka said that thinking positively about your end goal and the benefits of your changed behavior can increase your motivation, or drive to succeed.
布夫卡说，积极思考你的最终目标和改变行为的好处可以增加你的动力，或推动成功。
Bufka gave this example. “If I put money in a jar for what I would have spent on chocolate every day, that starts to add up,” she explained.
布夫卡举了这个例子。“如果我把每天花在巧克力上的钱放进一个罐子里，那钱就会开始增加，”她解释道。
A study of New Year’s resolutions published in 2020 found that people who pay attention to specific goals are more successful than those simply trying to give up bad habits.
一项针对 2020 年新年决心的研究发现，关注具体目标的人比那些仅仅试图戒掉坏习惯的人更成功。
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The world's tropical rainforests are home to more than 16,000 different mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles, from colourful monkeys and parrots living high in the canopy, to weird and wonderful frogs and toads on the forest floor.
世界上的热带雨林是超过 16000 种不同的哺乳动物、鸟类、两栖动物和爬行动物的家园：这里有生活在上层树冠区域的色彩鲜艳的猴子和鹦鹉，也有生活在森林地面上奇特又奇妙的青蛙和蟾蜍。
But now a study by Canadian scientists has revealed that while there may be tree cover remaining, most of the tropical rainforests across the globe are too degraded by logging, mining and roads to provide good quality habitat for wildlife.
但现在，加拿大科学家开展的一项研究表明，尽管许多热带雨林可能还被树木覆盖，但全球大多数热带雨林都因伐木、采矿和修路的破坏而严重退化，无法为野生动物提供优质的栖息地。
They're calling for urgent conservation action to protect tracts of undisturbed forest before extinction for many rainforest species becomes a foregone conclusion. And they say as rainforests are one of nature's best defences against climate change, this would also help stabilise the Earth's climate.
科学家们呼吁各国采取紧急保护行动，以保护大片未受侵扰的森林，否则许多热带雨林物种的灭绝将成为定局。他们表示，热带雨林是大自然抵抗气候变化的最佳屏障之一，这也将有助于稳定地球的气候。
词汇表
canopy 树冠
tree cover 树木覆盖
logging 伐木
mining 采矿
habitat 栖息地
conservation action 保护行动
tracts 大片土地
undisturbed 未被打扰的
species 物种
foregone conclusion 预料中的必然结局
defences 保护，防御
stabilise 使…稳定
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Some people may not be able to buy them. They can be costly. A quality weighted blankets can cost between $50 to over $300. This depends on the size, weight and material.
有些人可能买不起。它们可能成本高昂。优质的加重毯子价格可能在 50 美元到 300 美元以上。这取决于尺寸、重量和材料。
Some people use them for other reasons than sleep. Rhonda James gets under her blanket to relax as she watches television or drinks a glass of wine.
有些人出于睡眠以外的其他原因使用它们。朗达·詹姆斯 (Rhonda James) 躲在毯子下放松地看电视或喝一杯酒。
Lucy Taylor, a writer from Wales, also uses a weighted blanket. Her anxiety increases during the winter. So, she uses her blanket during cold months to fall asleep. She says when her body is relaxed, her mind relaxes too.
来自威尔士的作家露西·泰勒也使用加重毯子。冬天她的焦虑会加剧。因此，在寒冷的月份里，她会用毯子入睡。她说，当她的身体放松时，她的思想也会放松。
For most healthy adults, experts say to choose a blanket that is about 10 percent of your body weight.
专家表示，对于大多数健康的成年人来说，选择重量约为体重 10% 的毯子。
However, the blankets are not good for everyone.
然而，毯子并不适合所有人。
For example, some people may find them too hot to use, especially during warmer weather.
例如，有些人可能会发现它们太热而无法使用，尤其是在天气温暖的时候。
People with breathing problems or disorders such as sleep apnea should check with a doctor before using a weighted blanket.
患有呼吸问题或睡眠呼吸暂停等疾病的人在使用加重毯之前应咨询医生。
Experts say to not use weighted blankets for children under three years old. The weight can limit their movement and breathing.
专家表示，三岁以下的儿童不要使用加重毯子。重量会限制他们的运动和呼吸。
Some people may not be able to buy them. They can be costly. A quality weighted blankets can cost between $50 to over $300. This depends on the size, weight and material.
有些人可能买不起。它们可能成本高昂。优质的加重毯子价格可能在 50 美元到 300 美元以上。这取决于尺寸、重量和材料。
Some people use them for other reasons than sleep. Rhonda James gets under her blanket to relax as she watches television or drinks a glass of wine.
有些人出于睡眠以外的其他原因使用它们。朗达·詹姆斯 (Rhonda James) 躲在毯子下放松地看电视或喝一杯酒。
Lucy Taylor, a writer from Wales, also uses a weighted blanket. Her anxiety increases during the winter. So, she uses her blanket during cold months to fall asleep. She says when her body is relaxed, her mind relaxes too.
来自威尔士的作家露西·泰勒也使用加重毯子。冬天她的焦虑会加剧。因此，在寒冷的月份里，她会用毯子入睡。她说，当她的身体放松时，她的思想也会放松。
Can weighted blankets improve sleep? There is little scientific research on whether weighted blankets help with sleep, anxiety, or other health issues. The studies that exist involve small groups of people. And most of the study subjects are people with conditions including sleep problems, long-term pain, and mental and developmental disorders.
关于加重毯子是否有助于睡眠、焦虑或其他健康问题的科学研究很少。现有的研究涉及一小群人。大多数研究对象都是患有睡眠问题、长期疼痛以及精神和发育障碍等疾病的人。
A study on 120 people with insomnia, an inability to get enough sleep, found that the weighted blankets helped them sleep better compared to a light blanket.
一项针对 120 名失眠症患者（无法获得足够睡眠）的研究发现，与轻薄的毯子相比，加重的毯子可以帮助他们睡得更好。
Another study considered 67 children with the developmental and brain disorder autism. That research found that weighted blankets did not affect the children’s sleep at all. However, it also found that the study subjects liked the weighted blankets more than non-weighted blankets.
另一项研究对 67 名患有发育和大脑障碍自闭症的儿童进行了研究。该研究发现加重的毯子根本不会影响孩子们的睡眠。然而，研究还发现，研究对象比非加重毯子更喜欢加重毯子。
A third study on 94 adults with chronic pain found that a heavier weighted blanket did not affect sleep. But it was better at reducing pain than a lighter blanket.
第三项针对 94 名患有慢性疼痛的成年人的研究发现，较重的毯子不会影响睡眠。但它比更轻的毯子更能减轻疼痛。
So, there is not much scientific evidence to support health improvement claims about weighted blankets. However, in most cases they also cannot hurt, sleep experts say.
因此，没有太多科学证据支持加重毯子改善健康的说法。然而，睡眠专家表示，在大多数情况下，它们也不会造成伤害。
Dr. Daniel Barone is a sleep medicine expert at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. He suggests the use of weighted blankets to his patients after they try other traditional treatments and medicines.
丹尼尔·巴龙 (Daniel Barone) 博士是纽约市威尔康奈尔医学院的睡眠医学专家。他建议患者在尝试其他传统疗法和药物后使用加重毯子。
“If it doesn’t hurt and it may help, it’s worth a shot,” he said.
“如果它没有伤害并且可能有帮助，那就值得一试，”他说。
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When her husband gave her a weighted blanket to help her sleep, Rhonda James did not think it would work. In other words, she was skeptical. But five minutes after covering herself with the blanket, she was asleep.
当她的丈夫给她一条加重的毯子帮助她入睡时，朗达·詹姆斯认为这不起作用。换句话说，她是持怀疑态度的。但盖上毯子五分钟后，她就睡着了。
“It felt like a really big hug,” said James. She is a banker who lives in Charleston, South Carolina.
“这感觉就像一个非常大的拥抱，”詹姆斯说。她是一位住在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的银行家。
As temperatures drop, a weighted blanket can be a popular choice to help you keep warm. But some people say the extra pressure of the cover also helps to ease their worries and fall asleep faster.
随着气温下降，加重的毯子可能是帮助您保暖的流行选择。但有些人表示，被子的额外压力也有助于减轻他们的担忧，更快入睡。
However, research on the effectiveness of weighted blankets is limited. The Associated Press recently reported on what is known about weighted blankets.
然而，关于加重毯子有效性的研究有限。美联社最近报道了有关加重毯子的已知情况。
Weighted blankets are filled with small glass balls, cotton or another filling. This makes them heavier than usual blankets.
加重毯子里填充有小玻璃球、棉花或其他填充物。这使得它们比普通的毯子重。
Scientists may not know exactly how the blankets comfort, but they have a few ideas.
科学家们可能并不确切知道毯子的舒适度如何，但他们有一些想法。
The heavy, even feeling from a weighted blanket may calm the brain’s fight-or-flight response, said Dr. Neal Walia. He is a sleep medicine expert at University of California, Los Angeles Health.
尼尔·瓦利亚博士说，加重的毯子带来的沉重、均匀的感觉可能会平息大脑的战斗或逃跑反应。他是加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心的睡眠医学专家。
He said, “The evenly distributed weight on you tells your body..." you are in a "...calm environment.’”
他说，“你身上均匀分布的重量告诉你的身体……”你处于“……平静的环境中。”
The extra pressure also may cause the brain to release the hormone oxytocin. Sometimes called the “love hormone,” the body creates oxytocin during loving moments, such as hugging. Oxytocin can also lower anxiety, Walia said.
额外的压力还可能导致大脑释放催产素。有时被称为“爱情激素”，身体在爱的时刻（例如拥抱）会产生催产素。瓦利亚说，催产素还可以降低焦虑。
For most healthy adults, experts say to choose a blanket that is about 10 percent of your body weight.
专家表示，对于大多数健康的成年人来说，选择重量约为体重 10% 的毯子。
However, the blankets are not good for everyone.
然而，毯子并不适合所有人。
For example, some people may find them too hot to use, especially during warmer weather.
例如，有些人可能会发现它们太热而无法使用，尤其是在天气温暖的时候。
People with breathing problems or disorders such as sleep apnea should check with a doctor before using a weighted blanket.
患有呼吸问题或睡眠呼吸暂停等疾病的人在使用加重毯之前应咨询医生。
Experts say to not use weighted blankets for children under three years old. The weight can limit their movement and breathing.
专家表示，三岁以下的儿童不要使用加重毯子。重量会限制他们的运动和呼吸。
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Tuvalu, the fourth smallest nation in the world, announced its intention to become the world's first digital country back in 2022. But why, and how?
图瓦卢是世界上第四小的国家，早在 2022 年就宣布打算成为世界上第一个数字国家。但是为什么以及如何实现呢？
Facing the devastating effects of rising sea levels caused by climate change, the nation, made up of three reef islands and six atolls, is rapidly becoming uninhabitable. Tuvalu sits between Hawaii and Australia and is grappling with increasingly dire conditions. In 2022, at high tide, nearly 40% of the capital became submerged, according to the news agency Reuters. A recent assessment by scientists at NASA indicated that "much of the land plus critical infrastructure will sit below the level of the current high tide by 2050". And projections suggest the entire country could be underwater by the year 2100. Global warming has already displaced many of Tuvalu's 11,000 inhabitants, while coral bleaching and coastal erosion continue to degrade the surrounding environment.
面对气候变化造成的海平面上升的破坏性影响，这个由三个礁岛和六个环礁组成的国家正在迅速变得不适合居住。图瓦卢位于夏威夷和澳大利亚之间，正在努力应对日益严峻的形势。据路透社报道，2022 年涨潮时，近 40% 的首都被淹没。美国宇航局科学家最近的一项评估表明，“到 2050 年，大部分土地加上关键基础设施将低于当前高潮水位”。预测显示，到 2100 年，整个国家可能会被淹没。全球变暖已经使图瓦卢 11,000 名居民中的许多人流离失所，而珊瑚白化和海岸侵蚀继续使周围环境恶化。
This is why the government plans to back up the country and rebuild a virtual online replica. The announcement was first made at the UN Climate Change Conference, COP27 by Tuvalu's Minister of Justice, Simon Kofe. He said, "As our land slips below the ocean, we have no choice but to become the world's first digital nation. Our land, our ocean, our culture are the most precious assets of our people".
这就是政府计划支持国家并重建虚拟在线副本的原因。图瓦卢司法部长西蒙·科菲 (Simon Kofe) 在联合国气候变化大会 COP27 上首次宣布了这一消息。他说：“当我们的土地沉入海洋时，我们别无选择，只能成为世界上第一个数字国家。我们的土地、我们的海洋、我们的文化是我们人民最宝贵的资产”。
The country has since been preserving Tuvalu's cultural and historical identity by recording historical documents, maps, family photograph albums, traditional songs, and other cultural practices, all of which will be accessible online. In early 2024, Place, a global non-profit organisation, began mapping the physical features of Funafuti, Tuvalu's capital, using drones and 360-degree cameras.
此后，该国一直通过记录历史文献、地图、家庭相册、传统歌曲和其他文化习俗来保护图瓦卢的文化和历史特征，所有这些都可以在线访问。2024 年初，全球非营利组织 Place 开始使用无人机和 360 度相机绘制图瓦卢首都富纳富提的物理特征。
Though moving a country online has legal challenges – international law requires a country to have territory and population, both of which are uncertain in Tuvalu's future. At the same time, critics argue the plan is just for publicity, highlighting the need to reduce emissions.
尽管将一个国家转移到网上存在法律挑战，但国际法要求一个国家拥有领土和人口，而这两者对图瓦卢的未来来说都是不确定的。与此同时，批评者认为该计划只是为了宣传，强调减少排放的必要性。
Whatever happens, a digital twin of the country will help preserve its culture and heritage for generations to come.
无论发生什么，该国的数字孪生都将有助于为子孙后代保护其文化和遗产。
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People living in the area have reported health problems. Some told the Associated Press (AP) that they suffered from itchy skin, sore throat and other difficulties.
居住在该地区的人们报告了健康问题。一些人告诉美联社，他们患有皮肤瘙痒、喉咙痛和其他困难。
The Indonesia-based nonprofit group Satya Bumi sent water, dust and shellfish from the area to a laboratory this year. The group said the results showed dangerous levels of nickel, lead and cadmium. These substances are linked to mining.
总部位于印度尼西亚的非营利组织 Satya Bumi 今年将该地区的水、灰尘和贝类送往实验室。该组织表示，结果显示镍、铅和镉的含量达到危险水平。这些物质与采矿有关。
Kathrin Shilling is an assistant professor and biology researcher at Columbia University in New York City. She studied the lab results. Shilling told the AP, “If people on this island are using the river water as drinking water…you cannot escape basically any of the exposure to those toxic metals.”
凯瑟琳·希林 (Kathrin Shilling) 是纽约市哥伦比亚大学的助理教授和生物学研究员。她研究了实验室结果。希林告诉美联社，“如果这个岛上的人们使用河水作为饮用水……你基本上无法避免接触这些有毒金属。”
Kabaena is not the only place affected. To the north, on a larger island, Torobulu is another place where mining damage can be seen.
卡巴埃纳并不是唯一受到影响的地方。在北部的一个较大岛屿上，托罗布鲁是另一个可以看到采矿破坏的地方。
The mining problems continue although Indonesia’s constitutional court ruled in March of this year that small islands such as Kabaena should have special protection. However, a researcher from Satya Bumi said the government is still approving mining permits.
尽管印尼宪法法院今年三月裁定卡巴埃纳等小岛应受到特别保护，但采矿问题仍然存在。然而，萨蒂亚布米的一位研究人员表示，政府仍在批准采矿许可证。
The group Mighty Earth said 150 hectares of forest have been cleared on Kabaena since April 1. And it said over half of that was on land controlled by the mining company Tonia Mitra Sejahtera. The company and Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources did not answer requests for comment from the AP.
Mighty Earth 组织表示，自 4 月 1 日以来，卡巴埃纳已有 150 公顷森林被砍伐。该组织表示，其中一半以上位于矿业公司 Tonia Mitra Sejahtera 控制的土地上。该公司和印度尼西亚能源和矿产资源部没有回应美联社的置评请求。
Amiruddin is a 53-year-old fisherman on Kabaena Island. He said the results of the government permits for mining have affected many people.
阿米鲁丁 (Amiruddin) 是卡巴埃纳岛 (Kabaena Island) 的 53 岁渔民。他说，政府采矿许可证的结果影响了很多人。
“All residents here have felt the impact,” he said.
“这里的所有居民都感受到了影响，”他说。
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Indonesia has the world’s largest known supply of nickel and major supplies of valuable minerals, including cobalt and bauxite. However, the mining industry there is being criticized for not protecting the environment and some Indonesian island people.
印度尼西亚拥有世界上已知最大的镍供应量以及钴和铝土矿等有价值矿物的主要供应量。然而，那里的采矿业因不保护环境和一些印尼岛民而受到批评。
The Southeast Asian country is involved in mining that produces materials important to the manufacture of stainless steel and electric vehicle batteries, among other things.
这个东南亚国家从事采矿业，生产对制造不锈钢和电动汽车电池等重要的材料。
Indonesia is aiming to expand its mining and processing industries. But the development could face opposition from international and local groups.
印度尼西亚的目标是扩大其采矿和加工业。但这一发展可能会面临国际和当地团体的反对。
Nickel processing centers are becoming more common in parts of Indonesia. Sometimes, the plants are near the sea where many boats line up to carry ore, a mineral combination that contains nickel. Sometimes, these plants are near schools or places where local people fish or farm.
镍加工中心在印度尼西亚部分地区变得越来越普遍。有时，这些工厂靠近大海，许多船只排队运输矿石，这是一种含有镍的矿物组合。有时，这些工厂位于学校或当地人钓鱼或耕种的地方附近。
The World Resources Institute, based in Washington D.C., says from 2001 to 2020, 1.4 million hectares of trees were cut down around the world. Indonesia is estimated to have had the highest loss.
总部位于华盛顿特区的世界资源研究所表示，从 2001 年到 2020 年，世界各地有 140 万公顷的树木被砍伐。据估计，印度尼西亚的损失最高。
Amanda Hurowitz is a director with Mighty Earth. The environmental group is also based in Washington, D.C. Hurowitz said that, on the island of Kabaena, mining companies have cleared 3,700 hectares of forest in the last 22 years.
阿曼达·赫洛维茨 (Amanda Hurowitz) 是《强大地球》的导演。该环保组织的总部也位于华盛顿特区。Hurowitz 表示，在卡巴埃纳岛上，采矿公司在过去 22 年里砍伐了 3,700 公顷的森林。
Fishermen who used to fish off the island have said the waters are filled with sediment from the mines. People in farming communities also say they are affected. They say sugar cane, sugar palms and clove trees do not grow well anymore.
曾经在岛上捕鱼的渔民说，水域里充满了矿井的沉积物。农业社区的人们也表示他们受到了影响。他们说甘蔗、糖棕榈和丁香树不再生长得很好。
Amal Susanto is a sugar palm farmer. He said: “That’s the effect: The growth of the sugar palm trees will not be as good because of the influence of mining.” Susanto lives in an area where permits have been approved but mining has not yet begun.
阿迈勒·苏珊托 (Amal Susanto) 是一名糖棕榈种植者。他说：“这就是效果：因为采矿的影响，糖棕树的生长不会那么好。” 苏珊托居住的地区已获得许可证，但采矿尚未开始。
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Laiba Rashid is a 22-year-old Pakistani student in a special training program in the city of Lahore. The program, called Women on Wheels (WOW), teaches women how to operate two-wheelers, or motorcycles. Rashid hopes her life will change after she learns how to ride a motorcycle.
莱巴·拉希德 (Laiba Rashid) 是一名 22 岁的巴基斯坦学生，正在拉合尔市参加特殊培训项目。该项目名为“Women on Wheels”（WOW），教女性如何操作两轮车或摩托车。拉希德希望在学会骑摩托车后她的生活会改变。
Although the program is 7 years old, it is still rare to see women ride motorcycles. In the Islamic nation, it is more common to see women driving cars or riding in the back of two-wheelers operated by a male relative. The WOW program is offered free by the Lahore traffic police.
虽然这个节目已经有7年了，但还是很少看到女性骑摩托车的。在伊斯兰国家，更常见的是女性驾驶汽车或乘坐男性亲戚驾驶的两轮车。WOW 计划由拉合尔交警免费提供。
"I hope this will change my life because I am dependent on my brother to pick me up and drop me to college," Rashid said on her first day at WOW.
“我希望这会改变我的生活，因为我依赖我的兄弟来接我并送我上大学，”拉希德在 WOW 的第一天说道。
She said she wants to buy a motorcycle to go to college, adding that, before, there were no women drivers in her family. "Now everybody is convinced that women should be independent in their movement to schools, jobs and markets," she said.
她说，她想买一辆摩托车去上大学，并补充说，以前她家里没有女司机。“现在每个人都相信，女性在进入学校、工作和市场时应该独立，”她说。
Bushra Iqbal Hussain is a social activist and director of Safe Childhood. Hussain said women driving two-wheelers has been a cultural and religious taboo. But, she said, more women are now changing the culture like they did in the 1980s with regular cars to reduce their dependence on men to move around.
布什拉·伊克巴尔·侯赛因 (Bushra Iqbal Hussain) 是一位社会活动家，也是安全童年组织的主任。侯赛因说，女性驾驶两轮车一直是一种文化和宗教禁忌。但是，她说，现在越来越多的女性正在改变这种文化，就像 20 世纪 80 年代那样，她们使用普通汽车，以减少对男性出行的依赖。
The WOW program has been in operation since 2017. But it has become increasingly popular in recent months as car prices have greatly increased and motorcycles offer a less costly choice.
WOW 计划自 2017 年开始实施。但近几个月来，随着汽车价格大幅上涨以及摩托车提供了更便宜的选择，该计划变得越来越受欢迎。
The cheapest four-wheel vehicle in Pakistan costs about $8,265 compared to about $1,345 for a Chinese-made two-wheeler. The average yearly income per person in Pakistan is $1,696.
巴基斯坦最便宜的四轮车售价约为 8,265 美元，而中国制造的两轮车售价约为 1,345 美元。巴基斯坦人均年收入为 1,696 美元。
Sohail Mudassar is a traffic official in Lahore. He said the WOW program has trained at least 6,600 women, and Rashid's group was the 86th since it started. Female trainer Humaira Rafaqat added, "Young women are quick learners because they are enthusiastic and take risks."
Sohail Mudassar 是拉合尔的一名交通官员。他说，WOW 项目已经培训了至少 6,600 名女性，拉希德的团队是该项目启动以来的第 86 个团队。女教练胡迈拉·拉法卡特 (Humaira Rafaqat) 补充道：“年轻女性学习速度很快，因为她们充满热情并敢于冒险。
”One of them, Ghania Raza, is a 23-year-old who is working toward a doctorate in criminology. She said learning to ride a two-wheeler gave her a deep sense of achievement and empowerment: "It was like breaking a glass ceiling," she said.
其中一名 23 岁的加尼亚·拉扎 (Ghania Raza) 正在攻读犯罪学博士学位。她说，学习骑两轮车给了她一种深深的成就感和力量：“这就像打破了玻璃天花板，”她说。
Shumaila Shafiq is a 36-year-old mother of three and a part-time clothing designer. She said she has been riding her husband's motorcycle to the market and other places after training in the program.
Shumaila Shafiq 是一位 36 岁的三个孩子的母亲，也是一名兼职服装设计师。她说，在项目培训后，她一直骑着丈夫的摩托车去市场和其他地方。
Shafiq has also designed a short-length abaya for Muslim women to wear while operating a motorcycle. She said the long abaya is dangerous because it may get caught in the wheels of the motorcycle.
沙菲克还设计了一款短款长袍，供穆斯林女性在驾驶摩托车时穿着。她说长袍很危险，因为它可能会被摩托车的轮子卡住。
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Every Friday, musician Enes Salman performs the Sevdalinka, an ancient form of love song from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
每周五，音乐家埃内斯·萨尔曼 (Enes Salman) 都会演奏《塞夫达林卡》(Sevdalinka)，这是一种来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的古老情歌。
Sevdalinka was recently included in UNESCO's National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO is The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
塞夫达林卡最近被列入联合国教科文组织国家非物质文化遗产名录。联合国教科文组织是联合国教育、科学及文化组织。
Sevdalinka is often called the Balkan Blues. It is a somewhat sad form of urban love song that dates to the 1500s. It is a mix of South Slavic spoken poetry and music of the Ottoman Empire.
塞夫达林卡通常被称为巴尔干蓝调。这是一种有点悲伤的都市情歌，其历史可以追溯到 1500 年代。它融合了南斯拉夫口语诗歌和奥斯曼帝国的音乐。
Salman is among only a few musicians keeping the tradition alive.
萨尔曼是少数保持这一传统的音乐家之一。
"I have been playing and singing Sevdalinka since I was 14," he said before a recent performance.
“我从 14 岁起就开始演奏和演唱《塞夫达林卡》，”他在最近的一场演出前说道。
Sevdalinka is often performed a cappella. That means it is sung without musical instruments. Sometimes the performer sings with traditional instruments like a lute. This form, or genre, of music has been carried from generation to generation through performances at family gatherings.
塞夫达林卡经常进行无伴奏合唱。这意味着它是在没有乐器的情况下演唱的。有时表演者用鲁特琴等传统乐器唱歌。这种音乐形式或流派通过家庭聚会的表演代代相传。
In recent years, younger musicians have brought modern versions of Sevdalinka to audiences around the world.
近年来，年轻的音乐家将现代版本的塞夫达林卡带给世界各地的观众。
One of them is Damir Imamovic. His father and grandfather were famous Sevdalinka performers. In 2020 and 2021, Imamovic won awards from two world music publications, Songlines and Transglobal, for best European album.
达米尔·伊莫维奇就是其中之一。他的父亲和祖父都是著名的塞夫达林卡表演者。2020年和2021年，伊莫维奇荣获Songlines和Transglobal两家世界音乐出版物颁发的最佳欧洲专辑奖。
Imamovic supports Sevdalinka internationally through his SevdahLab project. The project helped build support for the music's inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage list.
Imamovic 通过他的 SevdahLab 项目在国际上支持 Sevdalinka。该项目为将音乐列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录提供了支持。
"I realized how little the public knows about the Sevdalinka genre and wanted to reveal the story behind that music," he said.
“我意识到公众对塞夫达林卡流派知之甚少，因此想揭示这种音乐背后的故事，”他说。
Zanin Berbic is a 28-year-old ethno-musicologist. He works as a curator in the music department of Bosnia's Regional Museum in Sarajevo, organizing, protecting, and bringing attention to music. He also plays saz, a long-necked lute used in Ottoman classical music. He said that Sevdalinka tells the story of Bosnia's history.
Zanin Berbic 是一位 28 岁的民族音乐学家。他在萨拉热窝波斯尼亚地区博物馆音乐部担任策展人，负责组织、保护音乐并引起人们对音乐的关注。他还演奏萨兹（saz），一种奥斯曼古典音乐中使用的长颈鲁特琴。他说，《塞夫达林卡》讲述了波斯尼亚的历史故事。
Berbic said, "Most of my days I spend either singing or playing Sevdalinka songs or reading or talking about them. Sevdalinka is my life," he said.
贝尔比奇说：“我大部分时间都在唱歌或演奏塞夫达林卡歌曲，或者阅读或谈论它们。塞夫达林卡就是我的生活，”他说。
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An advert will be banned from being put online or played on the television before 9pm if the food item it promotes falls into one of 13 categories, and if analysis of its nutrients, such as salt, fat and sugar, lead to it being classified as less healthy on a government scoring system.
如果宣传的食品属于规定的 13 个品类之内，并且该食品的营养成分，如盐、脂肪和糖，含量分析结果在监管部门的评分系统中被分类为 “不够健康”，那么含有这些食品的广告将被禁止在晚上 9 点前在在线平台或电视频道中播放。
The focus on the product, which was set in legislation passed by the last government, means a fast-food chain, for example, would still be free to advertise without restrictions, as long as it didn't show any of its burgers, fries or other less healthy offerings.
由于上届政府通过的法案只强调了产品本身，因此诸如连锁快餐等商家只要不让汉堡包、薯条或其他不够健康的产品出现在广告中，就依然能够免受限制继续投放广告。
A spokesperson for the Department for Health and Social Care said the ban was clear – that unhealthy food products, which are excessively high in sugar, fat or salt were covered in the restrictions, but that it did not restrict brands from advertising, provided any products they feature met the conditions set.
英国卫生和社会保障部的一名发言人表示，本次禁令明确限制了含有过量糖、脂肪和盐的不健康食品的广告；但并不限制任何品牌打广告，只要它们的广告中出现的食品符合要求。
词汇表
banned 禁止
classified 分类
legislation 法案，立法
fast-food chain 连锁快餐
restrictions 限制
offerings （用于销售的）产品
spokesperson 发言人
excessively 过量的，过多的
feature （在某个内容中）出现，以…为主要组成部分
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For a term that's gained ground with millennials and Gen Z, the word 'manifest' actually dates back to the 1300s. Back then it was an adjective meaning 'clear' or 'obvious'. You can spot it in William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, even in the work of Geoffrey Chaucer. Nowadays, 'manifest' has a totally new meaning – the idea that, through the power of belief, we can effectively think a goal into becoming reality.
作为一个在千禧一代和 Z 世代人群中广为普及的流行词汇，“manifest” 这个词实际上最早可以追溯到 14 世纪。在当时，“manifest” 是一个形容词，意思是 “清晰的” 或 “明显的”。你可以在莎士比亚的 “威尼斯商人”、甚至是杰弗里·乔叟的诗集中找到它。现如今，“manifest” 有了一个崭新的意思——相信通过坚定的信念能让目标变为现实。
Although positive thinking, self-affirmation and goal-setting all have beneficial effects, some psychologists have argued manifestation could lead to unrealistic expectations, even obsessive behaviour. Nevertheless, the term has gained traction on social media, and this year on the Cambridge Dictionary website it was looked up almost 130,000 times.
虽然正面思考、自我肯定和目标设定这些做法都具有积极的影响，但心理学家认为 “manifestation” 这种 “相信通过信念能够让目标成为现实的做法” 可能会让人产生不切实际的期望，甚至出现强迫行为。尽管如此，“manifest” 还是在社交媒体上获得了大量的支持和认可。今年，在剑桥词典网站上搜索该词的次数接近 13 万次。
词汇表
gained ground 普及
dates back 追溯
spot 发现
self-affirmation 自我肯定
goal-setting 目标设定
obsessive 强迫性的，着迷的
gained traction 获得支持或认可
looked up 搜索
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"Dinner's ready!" Do you recognise that familiar call for everyone to gather round the table and tuck in? Whether it's a takeaway with friends or a family get-together during holiday seasons, humans have been eating together for thousands of years. But why?
“晚饭准备好了！” 您是否记得那个熟悉的号召大家围坐在桌子旁吃饭？无论是与朋友的外卖还是节日期间的家庭聚会，人类一起吃饭的历史已有数千年之久。但为什么？
The discovery of fire may have kickstarted communal eating for our hunter-gatherer ancestors, according to primatologist Richard Wrangham. Cooking a meal all those years ago required a social group – you needed someone to hunt the food, someone to protect the food from thieves or predators, and of course, someone to cook. And once enjoying the feast, evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar speculates that the fire's bright light may have given the humans longer nights and provided great opportunities for bonding over food.
灵长类动物学家理查德·兰厄姆表示，火的发现可能开启了我们以狩猎采集为生的祖先的集体饮食。多年前，做饭需要一个社会团体——你需要有人来寻找食物，有人来保护食物免遭小偷或掠夺者的侵害，当然，还需要有人来做饭。进化心理学家罗宾·邓巴（Robin Dunbar）在享用完这场盛宴后推测，火的明亮光芒可能让人类拥有了更长的夜晚，并为通过食物建立联系提供了绝佳的机会。
But modern humans don't face the same threats as we used to – we can cook and eat a meal by ourselves. So why should we still make group meals a ritual? In Dunbar's 2017 study 'Breaking Bread: the Functions of Social Eating', they found communal eating increased feelings of wellbeing and connectedness with the community. Despite this, the study found a third of weekday evening meals in the UK are eaten in isolation – the main cause being busy work schedules.
但现代人类不再像以前那样面临同样的威胁——我们可以自己做饭、吃饭。那么为什么我们还要把集体聚餐变成一种仪式呢？在 Dunbar 2017 年的研究“Breaking Bread：社交饮食的功能”中，他们发现集体饮食可以增加幸福感以及与社区的联系。尽管如此，研究发现英国工作日晚餐的三分之一是单独吃的——主要原因是繁忙的工作日程。
Today's reality is that having meals together can be difficult. Time management, fussy eaters, and family tensions are all things that can get in the way. But, in an article about overthinking family meals, Susannah Ayre and colleagues write 'Five tips to ease the pressure', including dropping the need for perfection. "There is no shame in reheating a frozen meal" or "eating on a picnic rug in the living room".
今天的现实是一起吃饭可能很困难。时间管理、挑食和家庭关系紧张等因素都可能成为阻碍。但是，在一篇关于过度考虑家庭膳食的文章中，苏珊娜·艾尔和同事写了“缓解压力的五个技巧”，其中包括放弃对完美的需求。“重新加热冷冻食品”或“在客厅的野餐地毯上吃东西”并不丢脸。
Sharing meals may look different today than it did for our ancestors, but the essence stays the same: food is more than just fuel. It can be a way to connect, share stories and strengthen bonds.
今天的分享膳食可能看起来与我们祖先的情况有所不同，但本质是一样的：食物不仅仅是燃料。它可以成为联系、分享故事和加强联系的一种方式。
词汇表
gather round 聚到一起
tuck in 痛快地吃
takeaway 外卖
get-together 团聚，聚会
communal 群体的，集体的
hunter-gatherer 狩猎采集者
feast 盛宴
bond 建立纽带
ritual 仪式
wellbeing 身心健康
connectedness 连结性，联系感
isolation 独立，孤立
fussy 挑剔的，难以取悦的
tension 矛盾，紧张的关系
reheat 再次加热
picnic 野餐
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The scientists said their new findings on the mixing and mating of the groups suggested the activities happened a little more recently than thought in the past. They believe the contact continued over many generations.
科学家们表示，他们关于这些群体混合和交配的新发现表明，这些活动发生的时间比过去想象的要晚一些。他们相信这种接触持续了好几代人。
Priya Moorjani was co-writer of the study appearing in Science. She is an assistant professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. She told Reuters, “Genetic data from these samples really helps us paint a picture in more and more detail.”
Priya Moorjani 是发表在《科学》杂志上的这项研究的合著者。她是加州大学伯克利分校分子和细胞生物学助理教授。她告诉路透社，“这些样本的基因数据确实帮助我们越来越详细地描绘了一幅图景。”
The team noted that it is difficult to know the exact nature of the interactions between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals based on the examined data. The researchers also could not confirm exactly where the mixing and mating happened. However, they believe it was most likely somewhere in the Middle East.
研究小组指出，根据检查的数据很难了解智人和尼安德特人之间相互作用的确切性质。研究人员也无法确定混合和交配发生的确切位置。然而，他们认为它很可能在中东某个地方。
The researchers noted most modern humans still have genetic material from Neanderthals that accounts for an estimated one to two percent of their DNA. They said modern-day genetic traits linked to skin color, hair color and even nose shape can relate back to the Neanderthals. Our genetic makeup also includes links to another group of human ancestors called Denisovans.
研究人员指出，大多数现代人类仍然拥有来自尼安德特人的遗传物质，估计占其 DNA 的百分之一到百分之二。他们说，与肤色、头发颜色甚至鼻子形状相关的现代遗传特征可以追溯到尼安德特人。我们的基因构成还包括与另一群人类祖先（丹尼索瓦人）的联系。
Moorjani noted that the history of Neanderthals living outside Africa for thousands of years likely gave them a greater ability to deal with climate and diseases in new environments. “Some of their genes may have been beneficial to modern humans,” she added.
穆尔贾尼指出，尼安德特人在非洲以外生活了数千年的历史可能使他们在新环境中应对气候和疾病的能力更强。“它们的一些基因可能对现代人类有益，”她补充道。
Rick Potts is director of the Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins program. He was not involved in the new research. Potts told The Associated Press he hopes future genetic studies can help scientists learn even more details about the interactions of Neanderthals and modern humans.
里克·波茨 (Rick Potts) 是史密森学会人类起源项目的主任。他没有参与这项新研究。波茨告诉美联社，他希望未来的基因研究能够帮助科学家了解更多关于尼安德特人和现代人类相互作用的细节。
He said, “Out of many really compelling areas of scientific investigation, one of them is: well, who are we?”
他说：“在许多真正引人注目的科学研究领域中，其中之一是：嗯，我们是谁？”
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